Lawn mower with rubber flattening roller should be selected for large-scale commercial alfalfa production because alfalfa stems have many thick leaves. When alfalfa is naturally air-dried in the field, the drying speed of leaves is much faster than that of stems, so that when the water content of stems meets the requirements of bundling, the nutritious flowers and leaves have already fallen off. The cutting and flattening machine can crush or flatten the straw without damaging the leaves, thus accelerating the evaporation of water in the straw, promoting the consistent drying of the stems and leaves, and shortening the drying time by 30-50%. The structure of mowing and leveling machine is mainly composed of cutting table, leveling roller and so on. When working, the grass is cut and sent to the press roller for flattening, and then paved into straw strips. At present, imported from abroad and used in China are:
Reciprocating mower
A. Model 472, Model 488, Model 499 and Model 1465 mowing graders produced by New Holland Company of the United States generally have a cutting width of 2.2 ~ 3.7m, a working efficiency of 15 ~ 25mu/h and a required power of 50 ~ 80hp. Mowing grader 488 is widely used in China.
B. The 7 10, 720 and 820 mowing graders produced by John Deere Company in the United States have cutting width of 3 ~ 4.5m, working efficiency of15 ~ 22mu/h and required power of 50 ~ 80mp. At present, most of the domestic sales are 725 mowing graders with a cutting width of 3m produced by Deere-Jia Lian.
Disc mower
Mowers FC202R, FC250RG and FC302RG produced by Kuhn Company in France generally have a cutting width of 2~3 meters and a working efficiency of 20~45 mu/hour. The required power is as follows.
60~90 horsepower, the first two paragraphs are widely used in China. The practical application proves that the disc mower has low maintenance cost and high working efficiency. Under the same cutting width, the disc mower works 5~ 10 mu more land per hour than the reciprocating mower. From a global perspective, the disc mower will eventually replace the reciprocating mower.
2. Selection of rake.
Rake is to rake the cut grass spread on the ground into strips, which is convenient for collection, picking up and bundling, and improves the bundling efficiency. At the same time, it plays the role of turning the grass in different degrees in the process of raking, so as to help the grass dry as soon as possible. At present, there are many applications in China:
The fence-type 256 rake produced by New Holland Company has a working width of 2. 5 meters, this kind of rake can integrate grass into strips at one time, reducing the damage to leaves caused by repeated transmission, but the work efficiency is low, with an average efficiency of about 30 mu per hour;
B. Model 702 grass harrow produced by John Deere Company of the United States is driven by ground wheels, with high working efficiency, adjustable working width in the range of 4-6 meters, and working about 45 mu per hour. However, due to its structural design, the grass has to go through multiple tooth pulling drives during grazing, so the leaf loss rate is high. In addition, due to the limitation of the ground wheel drive, when the ground is uneven or the speed is slow, the grass rake will be unclean.
C. Kuhn Company of France is the largest manufacturer of vertical shaft rotary lawn mower in the world. The working width of its GA4 12 1GM lawn mower can be adjusted between 3.8 and 4.3 meters, driven by the transmission shaft, and the grass collection process can be completed at one time, with an hourly working efficiency of about 45 mu. It overcomes the shortcomings of low efficiency and large loss of the above two kinds of grass rakers and is well received by users.
3. The choice of baler.
After the grass is dry to a certain extent, it needs to be compressed into bales with a baler in order to facilitate transportation and storage. At present, small square baler is mainly used in China. When the baler works, the tractor pulls the baler forward along the straw, the elastic teeth of the pickup pick up the straw, the fork of the feeder continuously feeds the grass into the baler, and then the fed grass is compressed into bundles through the reciprocating motion of the piston. According to the set length of the baler, the knotter will automatically bundle the baler rope at regular intervals and put it on the ground through the bundle release plate outside the compressor room. At present, the pickup balers used in large-scale grasslands mainly include:
A. 565 and 570 balers produced by New Holland Company, USA. The picking widths are 1.65 m and 1.7 m, and the knotter is locked, and the piston is 79 times per minute. The feeding mode with two forks and two teeth is adopted to bale hay at the fastest efficiency of 145 kg (about 8 bales) per minute. However, due to the structural design of the knotter, the rope ends will remain on the bundles after each bundle is bundled, and due to the fact that,
B. The picking widths of Model 338 and Model 348 balers produced by John Deere Company in the United States are 1.6m and 1.7m respectively, and the knotter is also locked, with the piston 80 times per minute. The highest efficiency can reach 125kg per minute (about 7 packs) by using the combination of mixing cage and fork.
C. Macante produced by Crass Company in Germany
55 and Marcante
65 baler, the picking width is 1.65m and 1.85m, and the knotter is a patented product of its company 192 1 year, with movable fastening, and the structural design is simple and reliable. The piston runs 93 times/min, and adopts the form of double fork and three teeth feed. The highest efficiency per minute can be baled 180 kg hay (about 10 bales). The internal transmission of this equipment is gear transmission except the chain transmission of the fork, which is more solid and reliable than other equipment. However, this equipment has more lubrication points, so it should be maintained more carefully than other equipment.
4. Selection of green feed machinery. Silage is an ideal feed for raising dairy cows, beef cattle, sheep and other livestock, and harvesting machinery is an important link in this development process. At present, there are three methods to make silage: manual operation, semi-mechanized operation and mechanized operation. Mechanized operation is directly harvested, chopped and collected by silage harvester in the field, transported by feed trailer, compacted by tractor and manually sealed. According to some data, the production efficiency of semi-mechanized operation (chopping with a motorized lawn mower, compacting with a tractor, manual pit sealing and other labor) is five times that of manual operation, and the cost of mechanized operation is four times that of semi-mechanized operation. On the contrary, regardless of the product quality after operation, the cost ratio of manual operation, semi-mechanized operation and mechanized operation is 1: 0.75: 0.45.
Silage harvesting machinery is mainly used to harvest barley, oats, pasture, corn, sorghum and other crops. When working in the field, it can harvest, chop and knead crops at one time, and throw the broken crops into transport vehicles. It is divided into three types: self-propelled, semi-suspended and suspended.
First, self-propelled has the characteristics of high production efficiency, good maneuverability and wide adaptability. Suitable for large dairy farms and large agricultural pastures for planting silage crops. Among them, high-end products are products from the United States and Western Europe. At present, CLAAS is the most popular company in the world, and its 830-900 series self-propelled green feed machine accounts for more than half of the total sales in the world. The competing company is the New Holland Company of the United States.
The FX28—FX58 series products and 6670 series products of John Deere Company in the United States are generally equipped with powerful functions such as central lubrication, automatic sharpening, metal detection and automatic alignment. However, due to the high price, there is little domestic consumption at present. Another level of products are products from Russia and eastern European countries, which generally have low technical level, small supporting force, large harvesting loss of header, easy damage of blades and unreliable work. But the price is relatively low. At present, some old state-owned farms and large-scale farmers with low requirements for harvest level in China have small consumption.
B. The semi-suspended silage harvester has high production efficiency and flexible operation, and its performance and price are more suitable for the current harvesting requirements in China. The technical level is advanced in Italy and Portugal in western Europe. The cutting width ranges from 1m to 2.1m. The tractor power is generally 60- 1 10KW, and the main engine can be equipped with a pair of cutting tables (more suitable for domestic planting characteristics), and the production efficiency is about 15-30 tons. It can be semi-suspended at the front, back and side of tractor, which has irreplaceable advantages for small plots with self-propelled silage machines and single-row silage machines. At present, the domestic sales volume is relatively large, which is produced by Italian Otmar company.
OTMA 1 100 and 2 100, 1000 and 2000 produced by Bodini company, AMG-300LD produced by Portugal and PECUS produced by Noguera, Brazil.
II9004 series single-line and double-line storage machines, these devices should be said to be more suitable for domestic users, and have been well received in the use process. The main reason is that there is a little difference between price and after-sales ability.
C, hanging silage mainly refers to a single-row corn silage machine, which has been rejected by users in China in the past two years because of its low work efficiency, large harvest loss and insignificant kneading effect. The domestic market mainly includes JM4 100 made in Brazil and AXA ACH50 single-row green feeding machine made in Korea.
Let alone the domestic equipment mentioned above and some small foreign forage equipment, not to say that there is no domestic market, but from the current technical level, usage and user feedback, there is still a certain gap with the existing foreign equipment.