What are the formulas of candles?
Candle formula 1, raw materials and equipment. The main raw material for candle production is paraffin, the auxiliary raw material is stearic acid, and the trace raw materials include beeswax, essence, and pigments. , metal salts, etc.
2. Production method: Melt paraffin, stearic acid and trace chemicals in an aluminum pot, pour into a mold that has been pre-coated with oil and has been equipped with a candle wick. Before entering, fill the candle machine water tank with cold water and circulate it to promote condensation. After condensation, just cut off the wick.
Ordinary white candles do not require ingredients and are made of paraffin wax at about 55 degrees. With the development of science and technology, there are no black smoke, no tears, no dust, burning resistance, high brightness candles, no softness and no bending candles in summer, mosquito repellent candles, scented candles, craft candles, colored candles, colored flame candles, etc. All kinds of candles should also be placed far away.
1. Candles with no black smoke and high brightness: Candle wicks should be made of pure white cotton threads. The pure white cotton thread is bleached with bleaching powder. After the candle is lit, it will not emit black smoke and will be bright.
If the cotton thread is not bleached and contains impurities, there will be a lot of black smoke after the candle is lit and it will not be bright. 2. Candles that do not shed tears, are dust-free, and are resistant to burning: After soaking the bleached wax core threads with chemical raw materials, the candles made are tear-free, dust-free, and resistant to burning.
The following introduces three chemical raw material formulas for soaking wax core thread, each formula can be used independently. Formula 1 boric acid 0.04 part phosphoric acid 0.64 part ammonium sulfate 0.64 part water 100 parts formula diborax 226.8 g potassium nitrate (fire salt 226.8 g ammonium sulfate 567 g water 7 kg formula ammonium trichloride (alkali sand) 4536 g water 6 kg making candles The wax core wire that must be soaked in chemical raw materials will be burned.
It can also be placed in a ventilated and dry place to dry, but it cannot be exposed to the sun to avoid physical and chemical reactions of the chemical mixture and loss of effect. 3. Candles that do not become soft or bent in summer: Candles made of paraffin tend to become soft and bent in summer and melt quickly after being lit. Candles made according to the following formula will not become soft or bent and are resistant to burning.
The wax oil formula of this candle is 10 parts paraffin plus 2-3 parts stearic acid.
It should be noted. It is important not to add too much stearic acid, otherwise the wax oil will melt too slowly and the wax will not be bright. 4. Scented candle: Mix 200 grams of B-cyclodextrin, 600 ml of water, and 20 grams of lavender (flavor can also be used instead). ), mix well, and then knead for three hours.
The removed contents are dried into powder by a vacuum dryer or spray at 60°C (the temperature cannot be too high, otherwise the spices will deteriorate). The powdered chemical coating material can be dried into powder by other methods if necessary. Store the powdered chemical coating material in a ventilated and dry place for later use.
When producing candles, put the powdered chemical coating material into the powder. Mix the dissolved candle manufacturing raw materials and pour them into the mold to make scented candles. The dosage of powdered chemical compound is generally 1-3% of the candle raw materials. Candles made by this method can still be stored normally for more than half a year. Incense emits different fragrances according to the different spices used.
Since individual and small candle manufacturers do not have drying equipment, they can use local methods to produce powdered chemical packages. Although the effect is less good, It also has a certain aroma release effect. Take 100 grams of B-cyclodextrin and 300 ml of water, stir and add 10 grams of lavender, evaporate it in a pot until it dries into a powdery chemical package and save it for later use. p>
But the dosage should generally be increased to about 5%. Principle of the raw material formula of colored candles Color flame candles refer to candles whose flames can appear in various colors such as red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and white. < /p>
Utilize various metal salts (such as copper chloride, lithium chloride, antimony chloride, etc.) to emit different colors during the flame color reaction, and adhere the metal salts to the candle wick or dissolve them into the candle. . When these candles are lit, various colorful flames can be produced.
The simplest way to make colorful candles is to melt the color-producing metal salt and wax into one, and then pour it. Put it into a mold with a candle wick and use it after cooling. This kind of colorful flame candle is simple to make, but the color effect is not very satisfactory.
It has a small flame and a slight yellow color around it. This yellow flame is the true color of paraffin wax and candle wicks when burning.
In order to eliminate the interference of this yellow flame, you can use urethane or oxalate or trimethyl citrate instead of paraffin as the main fuel, and add some oxidation accelerator to the wick. After this treatment, the colorful flame candles can be brightly colored and have a large flame without noise interference.
However, substances such as urethane have extremely poor adhesion, do not have the hardness and strength of candles, and are easily deformed. For this reason, some higher fatty acids or higher fatty alcohols can be added to improve the shape of candles. properties and shape retention. In order to improve the quality of color flames, candle wicks are generally divided into burning wicks and color wicks. The two cores are made separately and then twisted together to form candle wicks.
The material and function of the burning wick are the same as those of ordinary candle wicks. In order to remove the yellow flame produced during combustion, some oxidation accelerators (such as compounds of platinum, palladium, vanadium and other elements or soaking liquids of plant ash, etc.) should be added.
The color wick is made of ordinary candle wick material plus color forming agent and oxidation accelerator. Chlorides, oxides, nitrates, stearates, etc. of metals such as cobalt, copper, potassium, sodium, lithium, antimony, calcium, barium, and strontium can be used as color-forming agents.
In order to fix the color-developing agent, the outer layer of the color-developing core must be coated with a layer of resin liquid. The selected resin liquid must have no interference with the color of the flame core and must be able to burn completely.
Generally, water-soluble resin liquids, such as polyvinyl alcohol, etc., can also be used. Solvent-based resin liquids dissolved in organic solvents, such as nitrocellulose, polyethylene or their polymers, etc. The dosage should be less but not too much.
Operation (1) Preparation of purple-red flame candle ① Prepare the main fuel: weigh X parts of ethyl urethane, 5 parts of stearic acid, and X parts of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride according to the mass ratio (1:1) polymer. Mix these ingredients and place in a beaker. Set aside.
② Prepare the color core. Weigh 12g lithium chloride and dissolve it in X7mL water, then add 0.1g polyvinyl alcohol and heat it to 80~85℃ to dissolve it. Also weigh 0.1g chloroplatinic acid and dissolve it in 200mL water (if there is no platinum salt, you can also choose a substitute, see this article for details), then add 5g fine powdered alumina, stir evenly, then add 0.2g hydrazine and 0.1g caustic soda, and finally add 2000 mL of water to dilute it, stir evenly and let it stand for a day and night to separate the precipitated fine powdery alumina to obtain platinum catalyst powder.
Sprinkle 0.1g of this catalyst powder into the lithium chloride solution prepared above to obtain a color-developing agent-oxidation accelerator liquid. Also weigh 7 parts of vinyl acetate and ethylene according to the mass ratio.
Three students from the chemistry team conducted the following exploration of candles (the main component is paraffin) and their combustion
(1) The candle floats on the water, which illustrates the density of the candle. Smaller than water; (2) Put a match stem in the flame for about 1 second and then take it out. You can see that the c position of the match stem is carbonized first. Conclusion: The outer flame temperature of the candle flame is the highest; (3) A. Repeated experiments, And observe whether there are the same experimental phenomena, that is, conduct a comparative experiment, and the approach is correct; B. Search the candle composition information, explore the components of black matter, and comply with the process of scientific inquiry, and the approach is correct; C. If it is not related to this experiment, it means there is no correct way. Investigate the problems found, but the approach is wrong; D. Ask the teacher for advice on the reason for the generation of black matter, which is the correct approach. Therefore, choose C. (4) Phenomenon and conclusion. If no obvious phenomenon is observed in the glass catheter, there is something at the mouth of the catheter. If there is a blue flame phenomenon, then Xiao Chang’s conjecture is correct; if Xiao Fang’s conjecture is correct, the paraffin vapor generated after the candle is heated cools down in the conduit and can condense into paraffin. Therefore, there is solidified paraffin in the glass conduit, but not at the conduit mouth. If there is an obvious phenomenon, it proves that Xiaofang’s conjecture is correct; if the above two phenomena are present, that is, there is solidified paraffin in the glass tube and there is a blue flame at the mouth of the tube, it proves that Tingting’s conjecture is correct. Answer: (1) Candle’s The density is smaller than water (2) a, external flame; (3) C (4) There is no obvious phenomenon in the conduit, but there is a blue flame phenomenon at the conduit mouth. There is solidified paraffin in the glass conduit, and there is no obvious phenomenon at the conduit mouth. There is solidification in the glass conduit. of paraffin, there is a blue flame at the mouth of the catheter.
Students in the chemistry interest group conducted the following exploration of candles (the main component is paraffin) and their combustion
(1) Use a knife to cut off a small piece, so it is soft, and If it is put into water, and the candle floats on the water, it means that the density of paraffin is smaller than that of water and it is less soluble in water. (2) A phenomenon that can be observed without burning, generally refers to some physical properties of candles, such as: Appearance, color, state, hardness, etc., ABDEH is in line with the meaning of the question; phenomena that require combustion to be observed include heat release, flames, products, etc., CFGIJ is a property that is only shown during the burning process of a candle, which is in line with the meaning of the question; (3 ) Since the core of the flame burns most fully, the temperature here is the highest, so the a of the match stem turns black first. Therefore, the answer is: a; outer flame. (4) The paraffin burning flame is divided into three layers, and the outermost layer is the brightest. White light is produced and black smoke is emitted; (5) A. Repeat the experiment and observe whether there are the same experimental phenomena, that is, conduct a comparative experiment, and the method is correct; B. Search the candle composition information and explore the composition of the black substance, which is in line with the process of scientific inquiry , the approach is correct; C. I think it has nothing to do with this experiment, that is, I did not explore the found problems, and the approach is wrong; D. Ask the teacher for the reason for the generation of black matter, which is the correct approach. Therefore, choose C. Answer: ( 1) Small (2) ABDEH CFGIJ (3)a; outer flame (4) The flame is divided into three layers, the outermost layer is the brightest and produces white light (5) C.