2, high temperature killing, aflatoxin cracking at 280℃, its toxicity can be destroyed. In the autoclave, the higher the pressure and temperature, the better the effect of removing aflatoxin.
3, a large number of aflatoxins are attached to the surface, and most of the molds can be removed by washing several times.
Extended data:
Measures to eliminate atrial fibrillation
Aflatoxin grinding and scrubbing
Aflatoxin is unevenly distributed in food. Among the peanut samples, moldy, damaged, long bud, wrinkled skin and discolored peanut grains are the most concentrated. As long as they are removed, the toxin content will be greatly reduced, even as low as non-toxic. Grinding can remove a large part of aflatoxin concentrated in rice bran layer, chaff layer and germ layer; Rubbing can remove a lot of toxins from the grain surface.
Aflatoxin adsorption method
Commonly used adsorbents are zeolite, activated clay and activated carbon. Activated clay or activated carbon can be added to the vegetable oil containing AF to adsorb and detoxify the toxin. For example, when peanut oil is treated by this method in Guangxi, adding 1.5% clay can reduce the AF in peanut oil from 100μg/kg to 10μg/kg.
When selecting a toxin adsorbent, on the one hand, we should pay attention to the fact that the adsorption capacity must be proved to be effective by laboratory and animal tests, and on the other hand, we should consider the conditions that the adsorbent has high adsorption capacity, selective adsorption, broad-spectrum adsorption and no side effects. ?
Radiation treatment of aflatoxin
AF is unstable under ultraviolet irradiation, and can be detoxified by ultraviolet irradiation. This method is effective for liquid foods such as vegetable oil, but not for solid foods. When applying irradiation, we must pay attention to the dose and time of irradiation, so as not to affect the sensory and physical and chemical properties of food.
Aflatoxin alkali treatment
Alkali refining is a processing method of oil refining. When 1%NaOH solution is added to oil, AF lactone ring is destroyed and coumarin sodium salt is formed. The latter is soluble in water, so the toxin can be removed by adding alkali and then washing with water. Washing with alkali can reduce AF in oil to below the standard, and even it can't be detected.
Organic solvent extraction of aflatoxin
AF is a fat-soluble toxin, easily soluble in organic solvents, and can be extracted, separated and detoxified by a mixture of aqueous ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, n-hexane and water. The extraction needs to be repeated for 3 ~ 5 times, and the detoxification effect can reach more than 90%, among which the mixed solution of acetone and water (90∶ 100) has the best effect. The processed grain and oil products must be completely evaporated before they can be eaten. ?
Oxidative degradation of aflatoxin
Bleaching powder, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and other oxidants can quickly remove AF, among which bleaching powder has the strongest detoxification effect. Highly polluted peanut powder can be completely detoxified after being treated with 5% bleaching powder for a few seconds. The food treated with oxidant is proved to be non-toxic by turkey feeding test.
Aflatoxin chlorine dioxide method
Soaking moldy corn with 250μg/mL chlorine dioxide for 30 ~ 60 min can effectively remove the toxicity of AFB 1.
Detoxification effect of Chinese herbal medicine on aflatoxin
65438-0976 It was found for the first time in China that the volatile oil in Litsea cubeba can completely remove AF from food. Some components in the volatile oil can undergo addition and condensation reactions with AF, which can change the molecular structure of the toxin and achieve the purpose of detoxification. Corn, rice or peanuts whose AF exceeds the national standard by 20 times or 2500 times can be detoxified in one fell swoop after being treated with a large dose of Litsea cubeba aromatic oil.
The method is simple, especially suitable for family use, and has no influence on food quality and nutritional components. In addition, licorice, fenugreek, lentils, fennel, five-spice powder, garlic and so on. It also has the effect of removing atrial fibrillation. ?
Biological methods of aflatoxin
Lactic acid bacteria adhesion method is to remove AF through the adhesion of lactic acid bacteria and the bacteriostatic effect of secreted metabolites. Nisin produced by lactic acid bacteria has the function of adhesion and degradation of AF.
Lactic acid bacteria are widely used in food fermentation industry, which can improve intestinal microecology, resist bacteria and treat diseases. Lactic acid bacteria can secrete many antibacterial substances to prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Other microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, have the strongest ability to degrade AF, and can remove 89%, 88% and 8 1% respectively after 60h in liquid culture medium.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of aflatoxin
The degradation and detoxification of enzyme mainly uses the specificity of enzyme to catalyze the degradation of AF into nontoxic compounds or small molecular nontoxic substances. Enzymatic degradation of aflatoxin is effective and practical, suitable for all kinds of contaminated food, and will surely become a hot spot in future research and application.
Baidu encyclopedia-Aspergillus flavus