Mosquito file:
Mosquitoes belong to Diptera, Mosquito Family, and are completely abnormal insects. There are 350 known species of mosquitoes in China, but there are more than 10 species of important infectious diseases and blood-sucking harassment. Anopheles, Culex pipiens and Aedes can spread infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, filariasis and Japanese encephalitis respectively. The growth and development of mosquitoes can be divided into four stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, adults living in water and adults living on land.
Main harm types of mosquitoes:
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is commonly known as spotted mosquito. Medium-sized, with white spots between the black bodies, white longitudinal stripes in the middle of the backboard, white rings at the staggered joints of the hind feet, and all white at the ends. Adult mosquitoes mostly suck the blood of people and animals during the day and live in bamboo forests, Woods or grass behind houses. Construction sheds are also common, sometimes parked in dark corners indoors.
Culex pipiens is commonly known as indoor mosquito. Medium-sized, light brown, with dark brown back and claws, and a gray horizontal band at the base of the back of the abdominal segment, which protrudes backward in an arc shape and is half-moon. Adult mosquitoes love to suck human blood as well as livestock blood, inhabiting human houses and livestock houses, and also inhabiting the grass and bushes near the twins' homes.
Aedes albopictus is large, grayish black or dark black. Female mosquitoes have four white rings on their tentacles, two white spots on the main veins of their wings, and narrow white rings on the running joints of their hind feet. Adult mosquitoes are semi-wild, mostly inhabiting outdoor bushes or cowsheds during the day, and entering human and livestock houses after dusk. They like to suck cow blood, pig blood and human blood.
Mosquitoes that harm humans:
Although the mosquito is small, people are afraid of it and hate it. What is this?
First of all, talk about the source of mosquitoes: female mosquitoes lay eggs in water and hatch into larvae after a day or two, which is called larvae. After molting for four times, the larvae become pupae, which can continue to live in water for two days and then emerge into mosquitoes. It only takes about 10 ~ 12 days to complete the development of one generation, and it can reproduce seven or eight generations a year. Mosquitoes live and reproduce by sucking blood, and the feeding habits of male and female mosquitoes are different. Male mosquitoes eat vegetarian food, especially nectar from plants and juice from fruits, stems and leaves. Female mosquitoes occasionally taste the juice of plants, but once they get married, they will feed on blood. Because it can only develop ovaries after sucking blood. Therefore, only female mosquitoes bite blood.
There are many spiral sensory hairs on a pair of antennae and three pairs of feet of mosquitoes, and each sensory hair is densely arranged with circular or circular pores. In the dark, mosquitoes can sense the carbon dioxide emitted by the human body in the air through this sensor, respond within one thousandth of a second, and fly to the blood-sucking object correctly and quickly. Before sucking blood, mosquitoes will inject saliva containing anticoagulant into the skin and mix it with blood, so that the blood will become thin plasma that will not coagulate, and then discharge undigested old blood and absorb fresh blood. If a person bites 10 thousand mosquitoes at random at the same time, he can suck the blood out of the human body.
The main harm of mosquitoes is to spread diseases. According to research, mosquitoes spread more than 80 diseases. On the earth, no insect is more harmful to human beings than mosquitoes.
There are more than 2,000 species of mosquitoes in the world, and there are about 140 species in China. Mosquitoes that can spread diseases are divided into three categories: one is called Anopheles, commonly known as Anopheles, which mainly spreads malaria. The other is Culex pipiens, which mainly spreads filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. The third category is called Aedes mosquitoes, which have black and white stripes on their bodies, and are also called black-spotted mosquitoes, which mainly spread Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever.
Eliminating mosquitoes is an effective way to prevent and reduce diseases. Everyone began to clean up rivers, garbage and other places that are easy to breed mosquitoes. Modern technology also has electric mosquito coils, such as mosquito-killing articles and appliances. In the future, we should invent a new generation of mosquito-killing appliances to kill mosquitoes and prevent them from spreading diseases and endangering human beings.
Female mosquito:
There are mosquitoes everywhere, and there are mosquitoes everywhere in the world. There are more than 2500 kinds. To be sure, you have seen at least one kind of mosquito somewhere.
Nobody likes mosquitoes. Unfortunately, she may decide to like you. She? Yes, it's her. Did you know that only female mosquitoes bite? However, this is a fact. This is not because she is unfriendly, but because she needs blood to reproduce.
Do you know how female mosquitoes choose their bite targets? She has a strong ability to choose her victims carefully. First, she uses two tentacles and sensors on three pairs of legs to find the object of biting, and uses these sensors to detect the humidity and heat of your body and the chemicals in your sweat. If she is not interested in you, she will leave you to find someone with more flavor. The next time you get stung, please remember that you were specially chosen.
If the mosquito likes you, it will gently land on you and pierce your skin with its beak. What is the tip of the beak? This is a kind of mouth, which grows a little under the mosquito's eyes. It includes six kinds of sharp instruments called oral needles. She stuck six stitches in your skin together. If she touches a blood vessel, 1 minute will be a full meal. It all happened so fast and so quietly that you probably didn't expect what would happen.
Why do mosquitoes itch when bitten? Itching is not directly caused by biting. It comes from the saliva of mosquitoes, and mosquitoes rely on this saliva to mix with your blood, so that the blood will not coagulate when inhaled into the tip of the beak. When you feel itchy, she has already flown away.
Then what happened? Mosquitoes will be very tired after a full meal. All she needs is to find a place to rest. With your thick blood, she pecked a spot on a leaf or a wall or a stone and laid eggs quietly. A drop of blood can breed hundreds of eggs.
Where is her spouse now? Their relationship is over, and the male mosquito no longer stays next to the female mosquito. They mate before the female mosquito bites you. After that, female mosquitoes can live for 1 ~ 2 months. During this period, she laid eggs four or five times.
All mosquitoes, male and female, spend their early developmental stages in or near water. In fact, although mosquito eggs can live for up to five years while waiting for water on land, they will not hatch without water. No wonder a large number of mosquitoes will be produced after heavy rain.
But why should nature bother to create mosquitoes? Just to annoy us? This is probably not the main reason. Male mosquitoes feed on nectar. Some scientists believe that male mosquitoes pollinate flowers when they fly from one flower to another. Of course, mosquitoes have to breed. Unfortunately, it involves you and me. Mosquitoes will still exist whether you like it or not.
Ovulation women are mosquitoes' favorite;
It is well known that mosquitoes rely on their sense of smell to find prey, courtship and pleasure. A unique pheromone emitted by female mosquitoes can attract male mosquitoes one kilometer away. But few people know that women who are ovulating are also very attractive to mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes' interest in ovulating women lies not in whether their blood is sweet or not, but in the nearly saturated fat in their blood. Mosquitoes not only have a soft spot for women who are ovulating, but also show great interest in those who have high cholesterol in their blood (regardless of gender).
Mosquitoes like to hunt in swamps at dusk, because such temperature and humidity are the ideal conditions for their reproduction. According to the research of German scientists, mosquitoes can smell their prey from a kilometer away, especially women who are ovulating are most cared for by mosquitoes. This shows that mosquitoes love blood full of fat, rather than "sweet" blood (blood with high glucose content) that people used to think. Jerry Butler, an American entomologist, published a study in a German magazine, which also showed that people with higher cholesterol in their blood are also the most attractive to mosquitoes. Unfortunately, scientists can't explain how mosquitoes smell cholesterol levels in humans.
In addition, scientists also found that it is this kind of people who can attract mosquitoes that often have allergic reactions to mosquito bites, that is, places bitten by mosquitoes tend to be congested or itchy. However, scientists have not developed a new set of effective measures to combat mosquito attacks, so their advice can only be to advise you not to be naked and take some mosquito repellent drugs to prevent this pestering "vampire".
To avoid mosquitoes at home, we should take the following measures:
1. Check the pots, pans, floor drains, sewers, flowerpots and other places with stagnant water at home, cover them with covers and change the water frequently. Floor drains, sewers and other places to prevent water accumulation, often spraying some pesticides, not giving mosquitoes living space.
2. Water should be changed regularly for aquatic plants at home.
Pay attention to close the screen window and screen door, and don't leave the door wide open for mosquitoes to come in directly.
4. Don't throw cans, mineral water bottles, egg shells and other rubbish that is easy to accumulate water. It's best to use the kind with a lid on the trash can.
5. If you are on a business trip or don't live for a long time, cover the toilet and clean the water in the sink to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.
Three factors of mosquito biting you:
First, the carbon dioxide exhaled by the respiratory tract is the directional odor source of mosquitoes, which can help mosquitoes find people and then bite.
The second is the heat. Fat people are more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes. Dark clothes absorb heat to attract mosquitoes.
The third is excrement. Mosquitoes love to bite people with big pores and sweat. Generally, men attract mosquitoes more than women, young people than the elderly, and healthy people than patients because there are more secretions on the skin surface. Children, with strong metabolism, are easily favored by mosquitoes. In addition, when women come to menstruation, their secretions will change, thus attracting mosquitoes. Sweating will attract mosquitoes, so experts suggest taking a bath after exercise. If you sweat less, mosquitoes will bite less.
Four measures to prevent mosquitoes in summer:
1. It is best to use less soap when bathing in summer. Generally speaking, mosquitoes like nectar, so the probability of being bitten by mosquitoes will increase after using perfume, cosmetics, cream and other items with floral fragrance. However, not all smells will provoke mosquitoes. For example, the cologne commonly used by men can repel mosquitoes because of its sandalwood smell.
2. Eat more vegetables. Some vegetables contain odors that mosquitoes don't like, such as vegetables containing carotene, garlic and other spicy vegetables. After people eat it, mosquitoes will stay away from you.
3. Wear light clothes. Aedes mosquitoes (also known as spotted mosquitoes) like to park on black clothes.
4. Try to wear socks. Many girls like to wear shoes barefoot, but they don't know that after wearing socks, mosquitoes feel that people's skin humidity is reduced, and the volatiles on the skin surface are reduced, which will reduce bites.
Mosquitoes love to sting blondes;
Some mosquito experts point out that mosquitoes prefer blondes like many men. And once you get entangled in mosquitoes, don't try to push them away, which will only stimulate their appetite.
Szpilman, an expert on mosquitoes and mosquito infectious diseases, said that people with blond hair and red hair are particularly attracted to mosquitoes for the simple reason that they are always different from others in the crowd.
Szpilman said, "Mosquitoes are attracted to things with strong contrast. If a group of people have a picnic in the shade of a suburb, one of them has long blond hair and wears bright clothes, and the others have dark hair, you know who attracts the most attention.
"There are always some people who are bitten by mosquitoes more often, and the relevant reasons are still unclear. However, many studies have shown that it may be related to skin temperature, color contrast, lactic acid, etc. "
Five kinds of people favored by mosquitoes:
1. Sweating too much. Sweat contains a lot of amino acids, lactic acid and ammonia compounds, and mosquitoes are very sensitive to it. Once they smell these substances, they will have an appetite.
2. Breathing heavily. People with large lung capacity naturally breathe deeply and long, exhaling more carbon dioxide, and mosquitoes gather after smelling it.
3. Wear black. Clothes are dark in color and have no reflection on mosquitoes, so they are easy to be bitten by mosquitoes.
4. Always wear makeup. American scientists have used olfactory instruments to test and analyze more than 3,900 substances. It is found that hair gel, hand cream, facial cleanser and other cosmetics are very attractive to mosquitoes. Most cosmetics contain stearic acid (a fatty acid), so people who wear makeup are more favored by mosquitoes than those who don't wear makeup.
5. Love wine and meat. Experiments have found that people will become vulnerable to mosquito bites after drinking and eating beef and mutton.
Mosquitoes will take the elevator to high buildings;
Professor Pan Jiafu is a senior experimenter engaged in mosquito breeding and control for many years in Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, China Academy of Sciences. Professor Du Jiahao, a chemical ecologist, also knows a lot about mosquitoes. According to two professors, the rainy weather is humid and the temperature is between 28 and 30 degrees Celsius, which is the time when mosquitoes are active. A few days ago, it was hot and dry, and the number of mosquitoes decreased, because the life span of mosquitoes was shortened at high temperature.
There are three main types of mosquitoes in Shanghai. Aedes albopictus is active during the day, Culex pipiens and Anopheles are more common at night, and Aedes albopictus is common in office buildings. These three kinds of mosquitoes generally do not fly high, and the number of mosquitoes above the sixth floor will be significantly reduced. If there are mosquitoes on it, most of them fly up by elevator.
Generally speaking, mosquitoes are most active one hour after dusk and one hour before dawn, so we should do a good job in mosquito prevention.
When Aedes bites, people usually don't feel it. By the time they felt itchy, it had already "eaten and drunk" and flew away. Anopheles mosquitoes are not as cunning as Aedes mosquitoes. When people feel it, it doesn't suck blood but bites people. At this time, even if it is killed, the skin will still blister. The most stupid is Culex pipiens, which likes to haunt after lights out. It will pick and choose on the skin before biting, so when it stops, sensitive people will feel it. If it is killed by a fan, it has no chance to attack.
According to experts, there are five measures to prevent mosquitoes in summer:
First, it is best to use less soap when bathing in summer. Generally speaking, mosquitoes like nectar, so the probability of being bitten by mosquitoes will increase after using perfume, cosmetics, cream and other items with floral fragrance. However, not all smells will provoke mosquitoes. For example, the cologne commonly used by men can repel mosquitoes because of its sandalwood smell.
Second, eat more vegetables. Some vegetables contain odors that mosquitoes don't like, such as vegetables containing carotene, garlic and other spicy vegetables. After people eat it, mosquitoes will stay away from you.
Third, wear light clothes. Aedes mosquitoes (also known as spotted mosquitoes) like to park on black clothes.
Fourth, try to wear socks. Many girls like to wear shoes barefoot, but they don't know that after wearing socks, mosquitoes feel that people's skin humidity is reduced, and the volatiles on the skin surface are reduced, which will reduce bites.
Fifth, you can't catch it after being bitten. After scratching, the tissue fluid and lymph in the skin ooze out and swell into blisters, which will become more and more itchy and will not fade easily. This is how the "red bean leg" covered with red blisters was caught. If you insist on not grasping, the itching will obviously subside after 10 to 15 minutes.
Wearing dark twill jeans is easy to bite;
For mosquitoes, carbon dioxide and sweat emitted by human body are effective information to guide them to find prey. It mainly relies on the olfactory organs, that is, a pair of horns on the head, to perceive the "information" of the human body in the air and follow it. Don't underestimate a mosquito only one centimeter long. It has a strong search ability, and the farthest search distance can reach 60 kilometers. In this range, the stronger the "signal", the easier it is to be locked by them.
People who emit more carbon dioxide, because of the relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide around them, present a clearer "image" in the mosquito's field of vision, which is convenient for mosquitoes to track directionally. Therefore, in a group, people with large lung capacity, fat people and people with heavy breathing are more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes, and pregnant women exhale more carbon dioxide because of their active metabolism.
Sweat emitted by human body volatilizes in the air, which can also send a "signal" to mosquitoes. Usually, people who sweat a lot and sweat easily are more vulnerable to mosquito attacks, which is enough to explain why we often find several big "red envelopes" on our bodies after exercise. Mosquitoes love to bite people with rough skin and large pores, usually because such people often have developed sweat glands or secrete more secretions such as sweat. So sometimes men attract mosquitoes more than women, and young people attract mosquitoes more than old people.
Some studies have found that women especially "recruit" mosquitoes during menstruation or pregnancy, which may be related to the high level of sex hormone secretion, so that "mosquitoes like to bite sexy people." Professor Xu pointed out that this is actually because women's endocrine changes at the above stage, their metabolism is accelerated, and their perspiration is often more, which has a stronger stimulating and guiding effect on mosquitoes. By the same token, teenagers in their developmental stages are also easy to "recruit" mosquitoes.
One data shows that the breath exhaled by pregnant women before labor is 2 1% larger than that of non-pregnant women, and the exhaled moist gas and carbon dioxide are quite attractive to mosquitoes. In addition, compared with non-pregnant women, the abdominal temperature of pregnant women is 0.7 times higher, and the higher the body temperature, the more volatile substances on the skin surface.
Improper dressing will attract mosquitoes. It turns out that mosquitoes are afraid of light but don't like it too dark. They like to suck blood in low light. During the day, people wear dark clothes, and the reflected light is dark, just to their liking. In addition, mosquitoes like to bite people with higher body temperature, and dark clothes have strong heat absorption ability. Several factors are superimposed together, which naturally makes the mosquito attraction index of dark clothes soar. People often think that black clothes are the most attractive to mosquitoes, but according to Professor Xu, wearing dark twill jeans is actually the most vulnerable to mosquito bites.
Perfume hair cream provokes mosquitoes;
If you wear too much, you will be bitten by mosquitoes. Using cosmetics with floral fragrance, such as perfume, hair gel, face cream and fire cream, will increase the chance of being bitten by mosquitoes. Some people think that most cosmetics contain chemicals that can attract mosquitoes. Therefore, women who wear makeup are more sought after by mosquitoes than women who face the sky. Don't use soap and shower gel with strong fragrance when bathing in summer.
However, not all scents attract mosquitoes, such as citronella oil and eucalyptus oil, but they are all good mosquito repellent.