Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, into a middle-class Jewish family. The following year, the family moved to Munich. His father, Hermann Einstein, was very talented in mathematics, but his parents had no money to send him to school, so he had to give up school and go into business. Einstein's mother, Paulino Einstein, was the daughter of a wealthy grain merchant and was very talented in music. Einstein began to study music when he was young, and started practicing playing the violin at the age of six. Music almost became Einstein's "second career", and the violin accompanied him throughout his life. Einstein did not show extraordinary talent as a child. When he was 5 years old, his father gave him a compass, and he was surprised to see the pointer rotating under the invisible influence of magnetism. Like Newton when he saw a falling apple, Einstein had a strange feeling that what he saw was of profound significance. He first attended high school in Munich, dropped out before graduating, and then transferred to a state high school in Aarau, Switzerland. In 1896, Einstein entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, to study mathematics and physics, and became a teacher after graduation. Einstein loved teaching and educating people, but becoming a physicist was a dream he could not give up. Because he did not agree with authority, Einstein was once considered destined to achieve nothing. After graduating from university in 1902, he was unable to enter an academic institution and only found a temporary job as an examiner at the Patent Office in Bern, Switzerland. But there, Einstein's scientific passion that had been stifled by formal education finally burst out again, and the easy job allowed Einstein to continue to devote himself to scientific research. In 1905, Einstein, who was only 26 years old, published three papers and made historic achievements in three different fields of physics. In particular, the special theory of relativity revolutionized human understanding of space, time and material movement. Revolutionary changes mark the arrival of a new era in physics.
On December 26, 1999, Einstein was selected as the "Great Man of the Century" by the American "Time" magazine
In 1914, Einstein returned to Germany and entered the Prussian Institute of Science Engaged in scientific research and concurrently serves as a professor at the University of Berlin. In 1915, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. This is another major achievement of modern science after the special theory of relativity. In 1919, British astronomer Eddington's observations of a total solar eclipse confirmed Einstein's prediction that light would bend when passing through the gravitational field of the sun. Einstein became famous and the theory of relativity became a household term.
In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on the photoelectric effect. In 1933, due to the anti-Semitic craze in Nazi Germany, Einstein was forced to emigrate to the United States. In October of the same year, he began teaching at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Obtained American citizenship in 1940. On April 18, 1955, Einstein died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm in Princeton, USA.
In addition to Einstein's world-famous outstanding contributions to the photoelectric effect and the theory of relativity, his research results on Brownian motion have become the most popular today due to his grasp of the regularity of a large number of disorder factors. The basis of financial mathematics; the concept of laser stimulated emission he proposed has been widely used today decades later; the EPR paradox he proposed in the debate with Bohr is still a key factor in theoretical physics and A topic that is constantly being discussed in the philosophy of science community...
Einstein was not only a great scientist, but also a pacifist. He witnessed the destruction of human civilization during the two world wars and believed that peace was the primary issue for mankind. In April 1955, on his deathbed, Einstein signed the Russell-Einstein Declaration, calling on people to unite to prevent the outbreak of a new world war.
Childhood: Knocked a hole in my sister's head
When Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, he had an unusually large and angular back of his head. His mother thought he was a deformed baby. He's two and a half years old and can't speak yet. One day, a little sister riding a bicycle came to the house. He said a complete sentence: Yes, but where are her little wheels? When he was 5 years old, he had a violent temper and scared away his tutor. He also used a child's hoe to knock a "big hole" in his sister's head.
But this little kid also has something that makes his parents proud. He started playing the violin at the age of 5 and especially liked Mozart. When he grew up, he was very accomplished in the quartet and even reached the perfection of an artist. When he was walking through the busiest street in Munich when he was three or four years old, he was shown the way for the first time. After observing him for the second time, he was able to look first to the right, then to the left, and cross without fear. At less than 10 years old, he was able to build a 14-story building using cards at once, which shows his patience and perseverance.
Einstein was unconventional and brave in innovation. The creed of "doubt everything" persisted throughout his scientific career. Of course, Einstein's outstanding scientific achievements came from his perseverance. Once, a young man asked Einstein for the secret of his success, and Einstein wrote him a formula: A=X+Y+Z. He explained that A stands for success, Einstein famously said: "Scientific research is like drilling through a wooden board. Some people like to drill thin, but I like to drill thick."