Sweet corn is a fruit and vegetable crop, which is a popular food in the world today. The five-year autumn planting experiment in southwest China shows that if planted properly, the production will be high and the economic benefits will be good. The average mu (1 mu = 667 square meters, the same) can produce 85 ~ 1 kg of fresh corn cob. The planting techniques for increasing yield are summarized as follows:
Selecting varieties and planting places
According to the comparison experiment and regional service, Jutian No.2 and Zhetian No.3 with large panicle type, high sugar content, good taste and high yield are the suitable main planting species. It is better to choose a garden with high soil organic matter level and convenient irrigation and drainage, and the previous crops are early rice, spring soybeans and melons. In order to avoid the lack of sweetness and reduce the quality due to cross pollination with common corn, the planted field should be more than 4 meters away from the common corn field, or the sowing period should be separated from the common corn for more than one month, so as to achieve the purpose of protection.
transplant good seedlings
The seeds of sweet corn shrink and are small, the germination rate is low, and the top soil force is weak. Choosing seedling transplantation can not only save seeds, but also compete for fresh germination, and also make the growth and development of main stems consistent and improve benefits. Clear and suitable sowing date It is observed that the sowing date of autumn sweet corn will change by 1.5 to 3 days every day. If planted too late in autumn, it is easy to encounter ultra-low temperature in the middle and late stages of pregnancy and cannot mature normally. Through experiments, the daily average temperature of sweet corn in the solid grouting period is not less than 2℃. However, planting too early is often due to high temperature, reduced nutrient content in the growth period, short main stem, and easy to be affected by high temperature flower killing in the tasseling period. In southwest Zhejiang, the suitable planting period is generally from July 25th to early August. At the same time, planting should be carried out according to the sales market and production and processing conditions. The plot with loose and rich soil is chosen as that seedbed for fertilize bed seedling raising, and 5 gram of urea, 25 grams of phosphate fertilizer, 5 grams of potassium chloride and 1-15 kg of human excrement can be use per square meter, which is applied to the seedling stage 1 days before planting, and shoveling and mixing will be released soon. Sow thinly and evenly, cover the cover with mud after sowing, sprinkle a small amount of carbofuran on the ash and wet the seedling stage to prevent the harm of flies and insects, and then cover with wheat straw or gray-black sunscreen net for shading and sun isolation. After the buds are exposed, the covering layer is torn off, and the Miao Di is kept moist during the seedling raising period to cultivate vigorous seedlings. Reasonable close planting of large and small rows is carried out in two rows with a belt width of 1.2 meters, in which the spacing between large rows is .9 meters and the spacing between small rows is .3 meters, and a ditch is opened every 3 belts or every 3.6 meters. The two rows of corn on both sides of the small row are planted in an "S" shape separately from each other. When transplanting, the leaves are fixed and the distance between the leaves and the big row is vertical. The relative density depends on the panicle size of the species. Generally, the relative density of large panicle species such as Zhetian 3 is 3 ~ 35 plants per mu, and the spacing between plants is .3 ~ .35 meters. The species with smaller panicle type should be planted with 35 ~ 4 plants per mu. After transplanting, light human excrement and urine should be poured to facilitate participation in live seedlings.
strengthening management
the early growth of sweet corn is poor, so it is very important to improve the management method of emergence. Because it is particularly sensitive to moisture, the soil layer should be kept moist, and the pipeline should be drained immediately in case of waterlogging, and watered immediately in case of drought. After transplanting and surviving, apply fertilizer to shallow soil and weed immediately: from heading to small bell mouth, apply strong stalk fertilizer to carry out shallow soil cultivation once; In the big trumpet stage, ear fertilizer was applied to loosen the soil, which was convenient for the roots to be deeply rooted and improved the disease resistance. The key pests and diseases of autumn sweet corn are cutworm, armyworm and corn borer at ear stage, especially its ear development period is a little longer than that of spring corn, so it is more harmful to corn borer than spring corn, so it is necessary to prevent corn borer at this stage to prevent the invasion of ear and endanger the quality. Generally, pyrethroid micro-toxic fertilizers can be used to prevent pyrethroids.
timely harvest
because sweet corn is mainly fresh and processed, it is not durable after harvest, so it should be harvested in time when the ear seeds are slightly bagged or the filaments turn gray-black. Harvest a batch when it is ripe, to prevent it from being obtained too early or too late, so as to ensure the quality and yield of the ear.