What is the origin of airplanes?

The airplane is one of the most important scientific and technological achievements made by human beings in the 2th century. Some people rank it as the three greatest inventions that have the greatest influence on human beings in the 2th century, along with television and computers. \xd\ Origin of aircraft \xd\\xd\ Early aircraft used a single engine, and in flight, the engine often stopped suddenly. This is always a threat to flight safety. In 1911, the Short brothers in Britain applied for patents for the design of several engines. Their dual-engine system enables every pilot not to worry about the plane descending due to engine shutdown. This is a significant progress in aviation safety. People call the first airplane manufactured according to Short's patent "3.2" airplane. The name tells people that this plane is equipped with three propellers and two engines. The plane is also equipped with two sets of flight control mechanisms, so both pilots can control the plane without changing seats. \ xd \ On December 17th, 193, the Wright brothers made their first sustained, dynamic and maneuverable flight. \ xd \ In December 1915, Juncker of Germany built an all-metal plane. The plane is made of thin tin cans, not the current aluminum alloy material, so the plane is nicknamed "donkey cans". \ xd \ From 1927 to 1932, progress was made in the development of cockpit instruments and pilot equipment, and gyro technology was applied to flight instruments. The rotating flywheel mounted on the universal bracket can keep its orientation in space, so it becomes the basis of various navigation instruments that guide drivers to fly in the dark, rain and snow. At this time, an artificial horizon appeared in the plane, which can indicate the flight altitude of the plane to the pilot; Gyro magnetic compass indicator, engraved with degrees on the compass, can show the change of course at any time; Geomagnetic induction compass, it is not affected by a large number of iron things often carried on airplanes, nor by vibration and the earth's magnetic field. These instruments, such as altimeter with high sensitivity, which can measure more than 3 meters above the ground, turn sideslip instrument which shows the turning angular velocity of the aircraft, and radio beam which indicates the air route, are all used to guide the driver through the ambiguous atmosphere. \xd\ flight simulator, also known as flight simulator, is a kind of flight simulator that can simulate the flight state of aircraft on the ground. In 193, Edwin Link, an American, invented the first flight simulator, and named it "Link Trainer" after himself. Although it has technical defects, it has demonstrated the advantages of being able to conduct emergency action training repeatedly and safely without using real aircraft. Nowadays, the aircraft simulator has been composed of computer, simulated cockpit, motion system, control load system and visual system. It is an indispensable technical equipment for modern aviation scientific research, teaching and experiment.