The concept of two-stroke engine came into being in the middle of19th century. 1900 On August 20th, Frenchman Cormery took the lead in inventing the world's first two-stroke motorcycle, and applied for an invention patent in Paris. 190 1 year, another French engine manufacturer Leon? Cordoniere registered his Ixions Whee engine and applied for a patent certificate. The advent of this engine marks the beginning of the production of two-stroke motorcycles. Meanwhile, the Englishman Alfred? Answer? Scott is working on developing the world's first two-cylinder two-stroke engine. In 1930s, the research work of German DKW company made great progress, and Schnurer obtained the patent of exhaust gas purification technology at 1932, which indicated that two-stroke motorcycle really reached the mature stage.
Compared with the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine has the following advantages: it does not need a complicated valve mechanism, so the engine is small in size, simple in structure, light in weight and convenient to manufacture and maintain; The crank rotates 360 degrees to complete a working cycle, while the crank of a four-stroke engine rotates 720 degrees to complete a working cycle. Therefore, theoretically, the power of a two-stroke engine is twice that of a four-stroke engine with the same crankshaft speed and displacement. After deducting the power loss caused by scavenging and other factors, the actual output power is still 50%~70% higher than that of the four-stroke engine. Therefore, in the GP500, the highest level of motorcycles, two-stroke racing cars are the most popular, such as Honda NSR500 and Yamaha YZR500.
However, the deficiency of two-stroke engine is also obvious; Because the lubricating oil of the two-stroke engine participates in combustion, the lubricating effect is not as good as that of the four-stroke engine, so the working environment is bad and the parts are greatly worn. Generally speaking, the service life of a two-stroke engine is only 1/3~ 1/2 that of a four-stroke engine. In addition, due to the insufficient exhaust and scavenging of two-stroke engine at low speed, it is difficult to fully burn the lubricating oil involved in combustion, and the hydrocarbon content in exhaust gas increases sharply, which is much higher than that of four-stroke motorcycle. This is a fatal flaw in the current environment where environmental protection is paramount. Therefore, in 2002, FIA revised the rules of GP Grand Prix and replaced GP500 with MotoGP. The once-mighty two-stroke racing car withdrew from this top-level competition and was replaced by all-in-one four-stroke chariots, such as Yamaha YZR-M 1 and Suzuki GSR-V, and the trend of two-stroke motorcycles in the market was also negligible. At present, only a few manufacturers continue to produce small-displacement two-stroke motorcycles, such as "Red Bullet" GPR 125Racing produced by Derby Company of Spain.