1. Reasonable intercropping and crop rotation: Different vegetable crops have different nutrient requirements and resistance to pests and diseases, so this difference can be used reasonably Carry out crop rotation, intercropping, intercropping and mixed cropping, which can not only reduce soil damage, but also reduce the occurrence probability of soil-borne diseases. 2. Salt-washing and deep plowing: For plots with serious salt damage, the method of stopping planting vegetables for one year and replacing them with salt-absorbing plants can be used, that is, biological desalination.
1. How to deal with heavy cropping land
1. Reasonable intercropping and crop rotation
(1) Different vegetable crops can take advantage of their nutrient requirements and resistance to diseases and insect pests. Due to the differences in nature, reasonable crop rotation, intercropping, intercropping, and mixed cropping can reduce soil obstacles and reduce the probability of soil-borne diseases.
(2) In the process of producing melons and fruits, a crop of onions, garlic, or leguminous crops can be inserted, because the residual allicin in onions and garlic crops can inhibit or kill some soil-borne diseases. , and the nitrogen-fixing effect of rhizobia of leguminous crops can fertilize the soil.
(3) Generally, intercropping eggplant with scallions and leeks can prevent ants, intercropping garlic with cotton can repel cotton aphids, intercropping tomatoes with cabbage can repel cabbage pests, and intercropping leeks with Chinese cabbage can prevent cabbage softness. Rot, onion and pea intercropping can control pea black spot.
2. Salt-washing and deep plowing
(1) For vegetable fields with a certain salt content in the soil exceeding 0.2%, flood irrigation can be carried out reasonably to wash away the salt.
(2) When salt damage is severe, the biological desalination method can be used, that is, stopping vegetable planting for one year and replacing it with salt-absorbing plants.
(3) Deeply plowing the soil 35-40cm can break soil compaction, increase soil permeability, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and eliminate soil continuous cropping obstacles.
(4) Generally, Mianlong granules are used in combination with deep plowing and soil preparation for chemical disinfection, which can also effectively reduce the probability of continuous cropping failure.
3. Adjust soil PH value
(1) Continuous cropping of vegetables can easily lead to soil acidification, so the soil in the greenhouse needs to be tested for PH value every year.
(2) When the PH value is less than or equal to 5.5, 50-100 kg/acre of lime can be applied when plowing the land and fully mixed with the soil. It can also effectively increase the soil PH value. Kill germs in the soil.
4. Disinfection of soil
(1) Soaking in water
In places where conditions permit, you can use the period when crops are idle to soak the soil for about 20 days. It can effectively eliminate harmful bacteria and pests in the soil.
(2) High-temperature greenhouse technology in summer
① In the morning on a sunny day during the high-temperature season, spray insecticides and fungicides on the ground of the greenhouse. Generally, add 100% of the pesticide for every 30 kilograms of liquid. 100ml of alcohol. After spraying, the mulch film must be covered in time and the greenhouse film must be sealed to ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is above 70°C, thereby achieving the purpose of killing some germs and insect eggs in the greenhouse and in the soil.
② The duration of the shed is generally controlled at 15-20 days, preferably within 1 month.
(3) Method of moist heat sterilization
① The method of moist heat sterilization can effectively kill various nematodes, harmful fungi and bacteria in the soil and solve the problem of dead seedlings in repeated crops.
② After pulling out vegetable seedlings in winter and spring, spread 70kg of quicklime powder, 10-15 cubic meters of raw chicken manure or other livestock and poultry manure, 3000kg of plant straw, and 8kg of microbial fermentation strains per mu.
③ Then use rotary pear to till once, mix the orange straw, livestock and poultry manure, and bacterial strains thoroughly, then plow the land 35cn deeply and water it thoroughly in sequence, cover it with mulch film, and fasten the shed film tightly.
④ Remove the mulch after keeping it for about 1 month, plow the land and dry it on the bare ground for 1 week, which can achieve the purpose of killing germs and activating the soil. This method is obviously effective in treating soil-borne diseases caused by repeated cropping. The prevention and control effect.
5. Reasonable use of chemical fertilizers
When applying fertilizers, it is necessary to reasonably adjust the fertilization ratio to ensure the balance of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. You can choose to use fertilizers that can condition and improve the soil environment, loosen the soil, and strengthen the soil. Fertilizer with good air permeability, resistance to heavy cropping, and prevention of dead seedlings and dead trees.
2. What kind of fertilizer should be used in repeated cropping fields?
1. It is necessary to increase the application amount of high-quality organic fertilizers in repeated cropping fields, because organic matter is the main substance that promotes the soil aggregate structure and can make the soil The medium aggregate structure is not reduced, allowing the soil to have continuous fertilizer supply capacity.
2. It is also necessary to pay attention to the application of fertilizers such as biofertilizers. After soil treatment, beneficial microorganisms need to be replenished in time. Biofertilizers can be widely applied during soil plowing to comprehensively improve the soil microbial environment. When planting, biological fungicides can be applied to the holes to maintain the root system and improve disease resistance. Usually, the application ratio of base fertilizer needs to be adjusted according to the type of crops and soil fertility. First, soil testing is carried out. On this basis, based on the needs of the crops, a reasonable combination of base fertilizer and top dressing is required. When top dressing, it is generally necessary to choose a fully nutritious water-soluble fertilizer. sexual fertilizer.
3. Take fertilization in garlic cropland as an example. Generally, about 5,000kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied per acre, which can be combined with an appropriate amount of chicken and duck manure, grain straw and other substances, which can effectively improve the soil structure. Enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. Microbial fertilizer can also be appropriately applied, which can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil and facilitate the growth of garlic.
4. When sowing garlic, it is necessary to carry out seed dressing, disinfection and germination of garlic seeds. Choose loose and fertile sandy soil, rotate crops reasonably and apply sufficient base fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for garlic emergence. Garlic can generally be rotated with vegetables such as celery and cabbage. If the disease is severe, it usually takes at least 2-3 years before planting again. During the planting process, targeted microbial control should be carried out according to the type of disease.