Buddhist factions. It was formed in India around 1 century, and then spread to Central Asia, China, Japan, North Korea, Viet Nam, Indonesia and even Sri Lanka. It is the mainstream of northern Buddhism. Mahayana thought is rooted in some early schools, but there are also many theoretical creations, such as not only saying that people have no self, but also saying that there is no self; It emphasizes that the ideal of bodhisattva is better than that of arhat, and advocates that everyone can become a Buddha with bodhicitta. Mahayana ethics advocates compassion for all sentient beings, urges people to repay others with merits and so on.
Characteristic Mahayana also includes two parts: theory and practice. As the theory of preparatory kung fu, I think about the basic structure and the principle of existence. His pursuit of the highest experience and practice can be traced back to the Indian yoga tradition. The purpose of this meditation is to eliminate the separation of mind and achieve the absolute state of seeing nothing and experiencing unspeakable things. Rational activity called Prajnaparamita Wisdom is encouraged, but it still aims to guide the cognition of emptiness. Nirvana in Mahayana theory is not only the death or transcendence of reincarnation, but also the realm of Buddha, so it can also be called dharma body, Buddha nature, truth and so on. , which is what we call absolute or natural body. Nirvana is an omniscient existence. Buddhism believes that it is not some kind of knowledge in the world, but a clear mind, reflecting the birth and death of everything in the world without its influence. This state is also the emptiness that tantric practitioners seek in their own hearts. Through meditation, practitioners can have countless Buddhas in front of them, because emptiness is the mother of all living beings, and secret spells and classics like Dalagni are legally absorbed into Mahayana.
Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha (mural of Potala Palace in Tibet)
Buddhism, the basic doctrine, is deified in Mahayana Buddhism, forming a universal majority. For example, the Buddha's character can also be seen in Tathagata, Acheng Buddha, Baosheng Buddha, Amitabha Buddha and so on. Some buddhas are believed to have revealed some new doctrines and rituals. Amitabha is the center of pure land belief, which combines the religious concepts of India and Iran. The Flame Buddha is the first of the twenty-four Buddhas before Gautama, which embodies the concept of God King in Iran and ancient Central Asia. The development of Mahayana is accompanied by the popularity of simile sutra and strange sutra. It is believed that the teachings of Buddha are not unique, but should have different levels, because the roots of believers are different from their homes. Gautama is no longer a sage of Sakyamuni in history, but a Buddha in the world. Bodhisattva is the ideal of Mahayana Buddhism, and its basic premise is to cultivate bodhicitta, vow not to enter nirvana to benefit all beings, practice ten paramita and go through ten hard practices. The first six places are still in the preliminary preparation stage. Although more than seven places have defects, they have become Buddhas and will not look back. The tenth place is the waiting order of becoming a Buddha in the next life. The three-body theory of Buddha is the main topic of Mahayana theory. 3. As a transformant, beneficiary and self. Transformation refers to the Buddha body that should be revealed in order to free all beings; Beneficiary refers to the body that can enjoy dharma music and show merits to the ten bodhisattvas after practicing Buddhism; Self-nature is the dharma body as noumenon. Dharma bodies have appeared in early Beijing temples. Many Mahayana classics say that there are countless Buddhas, but they all agree that their essence is the same dharma body. Buddhism is the same as inaction, so it is no different from Bodhi and Nirvana. The original classic of Mahayana Buddhism is believed to be told by Sakyamuni Buddha or other buddhas for heaven and man. Those who are qualified to listen to these classics are Wensheng and Bodhisattva. The mystery of the classic itself is also the nature of the later period. It is said that it is preserved in the snow-capped mountains or the Dragon Palace and will not be shown to people until the time is ripe. Because of this, its authority is beyond doubt.
A guiding bodhisattva that leads all beings into the pure land.
The sects and schools that advocate Mahayana Buddhism include Zhongzong and Yoga, as well as other sects based on classics or formed due to differences in practice concepts, such as Faxiang Sect, Huayan Sect, Pure Land Sect, Sanlun Sect and Zen Sect. They represent the evolution result of Mahayana thought spreading from Indian to China and Japanese for more than 1000 years. The ideological basis of the Chinese school is the Prajna Sutra, and the representative thinkers are Long Shu and Tipper. According to their works, China's three major essays were later formed. Long Shu's On the Doctrine of the Mean shows the relativity of treating each other from the source, and affirms emptiness and the Doctrine of the Mean from eight aspects of immortality. Look at the origin, emptiness and falsehood from the two truths of secularity and victory over righteousness, and then get the right view of the middle way. Middle school thought influenced Tiantai, Huayan and Zen. In India, the concept of middle school stimulated the emergence of yoga schools. Wu Shu and Qin Dynasty systematized the thought of Lengyan Jing. His theory can be summarized as three realms of idealism, knowing everything. It describes the illusion of the world and the authenticity of the ontology with the theory of three natures and three asexuals; I think that the process of liberation is nothing more than turning knowledge into wisdom. Advocate to cultivate positive wisdom by practicing yoga kungfu. Yoga school is characterized by yoga visualization and trivial psychological analysis. In China and Japan, this theory is often referred to as "Know Only School" or "Faxiangzong School". The translation of Mahayana in the 6th century was the beginning of the spread of yoga philosophy, and Xuanzang was the founder of China and Japanese Fa Xiang Sect. Xuanzang's academic origin can be traced back to the legal department of Nalanduo Temple. Hua Yanzong's thought is rooted in India, but the establishment of this sect is unique in China. The foundation of this sect is Hua Yan Jing, and its main idea is: Tathagata is the source of all laws in the world, and every moment of dust is as harmonious as the whole and eternity. This leads to Hua Yanzong's cosmology and worldview-the origin of the legal world, and a set of epistemological proof theories about epiphany. Hua Yanzong's thought in China is dominated by the geocentric school based on the Ten Classics (6th century). Tiantai Sect is also a product of the development of Buddhism in China and Japan, but its thoughts can be traced back to the Indian classic Hokkekyo. It should be translated by Kumarajiva and played by Huiwen Huisi, but the real initiator of this case is the wisdom of preaching in Tiantai Mountain. . The essence of "Hokkekyo" can be summarized as "being practical", and the three will be unified into one. However, in the Tiantai Sect system, the Buddha's teachings and theories are summarized as "Five-Eight-Time Teaching". The central doctrine of Tiantai Sect is that there is a difference of three thousand thoughts and three truths are one; Meditation advocates one thought and three views. The classic of Pure Land Sect is Infinite Life Sutra, which appeared in North India in the 2nd century.
, promoting the belief in the boundless Buddha of light and its results. In the 3rd century, this belief spread to China and gradually became an important faction. In Japan, the pure land belief was initially merged with Tiantai Sect, and it was not until the13rd century that it split into a big Sect. Pure land Sect believes that the way out is not to read classics and practice Zen, but mainly to read Buddhism. I don't know what kind of ceremony the pure land belief in India takes, probably nothing more than chanting the name of Buddha or watching Buddha. The most important sect of Mahayana Buddhism is Zen, which has developed in China and Japan for more than 1000 years. The classic basis of Zen Buddhism is Shurangama Sutra and Six Ancestors Tanjing. According to previous scriptures, all living beings have Buddha nature, that is, emptiness. Realizing this truth is bodhi. Buddha's nature or emptiness can't be said, because it is separated from words. Only personal direct evidence can grasp it. Tanjing is the work of Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen. After Zen Buddhism, it developed into five schools and seven schools. Among them, Lin Ji and Cao Dong Zen spread to Japan. In Japan, according to Hokkekyo, there is also a Rilian Sect that believes in pure land. Founded in13rd century, it has been passed down to this day.