Mysterious Miracle——The Mystery of Life in the Pyramid
According to legend, before the third dynasty of ancient Egypt, both princes, ministers and common people were buried in a kind of burial place after their death. The rectangular tomb made of mud bricks was called Mastaba by the ancient Egyptians. Later, a smart young man named Imhotep invented a new construction method when designing a tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh King Djoser. He used square stones quarried from the mountain instead of mud bricks, and continued to modify the design of the tomb. Finally, he built a six-level trapezoidal pyramid - this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now.
In ancient Egyptian literature, the pyramid was layered in a trapezoidal shape, so it was also called a hierarchical pyramid. This is a tall pyramidal building with a square base and a triangle on each side. It looks like the Chinese character "金", so we call it "pyramid". The tower-style mausoleum designed by Imhotep was the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.
Egyptian pharaohs after King Djoser followed his lead and built tombs for themselves during their lifetimes. This set off a trend of building pyramids in ancient Egypt. Since the pyramids originated during the Old Kingdom and the largest pyramid was built during this period, Egypt's Old Kingdom is also called the Pyramid Age.
Why did the pharaohs of ancient Egypt build their tombs into pyramids, that is, into the golden shape in Chinese characters?
It turns out that in the earliest times, the Egyptian pharaohs planned to use Mastaba as their permanent residence after death. Later, around the time of the Second to Third Dynasties, the Egyptians developed the concept that the king would become a god after his death and his soul would ascend to heaven. There is this sentence in the "Pyramid Inscriptions" that was later discovered:
"Build a ladder to heaven for him (Pharaoh) so that he could go up to heaven from there."
The pyramid is such a ladder to heaven.
At the same time, the pyramid form also represents the worship of the sun god, because the symbol of the ancient Egyptian sun god "La" is the sun's rays. The pyramid symbolizes the rays of the sun piercing the sky. Because when you stand on the road leading to Kizer and look to the west from the angle of the pyramid's ridge, you can see the pyramid like the sun's rays spreading to the earth.
There is a saying in the "Pyramid Inscription": "The sky extends its light to you so that you can go to the sky, like the eyes of Ra." Later, the ancient Egyptians' worship of the obelisk also had this meaning, because the obelisk also represented the rays of the sun.
There are about 80 pyramids scattered on the west bank of the lower reaches of the Nile River. They are the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs (kings). The Egyptians called it "pyramus" (pyra.mids), which means "high". Viewed from all sides, it looks like an isosceles triangle with a small top and a large bottom, which looks like the Chinese character "gold". Therefore, people vividly call it "pyramid".
The Egyptian pyramids were built 4,500 years ago as tombs built by ancient Egyptian kings for themselves. Among the nearly a hundred pyramids of various sizes that have been discovered in Egypt, the largest and most famous is the three-generation pyramid located in the desert of Giza Province, southwest of Cairo. They are the Great Pyramid (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu), the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure.
The Great Pyramid was built during the reign of Khufu, the second king of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt (about 2670 BC). It was originally 146.5 meters high. Due to the peeling off of the top, it is now 136.5 meters high. It is square in shape, each side is about 230 meters long, and covers an area of ??about 80 acres. The tower body is composed of 2.3 million huge stones, which vary in size and weigh from 1.5 tons to 160 tons. According to research, it took 100,000 people a day and 20 years to build the Great Pyramid.
The second largest pyramid is the tomb of Khafre, the fourth pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (about 2575 BC to 2465 BC), so it is called the Pyramid of Khafre. 143.5 meters high. The world-famous Sphinx is right next to the Pyramid of Khafre. It is said that the human face is a simulation of Khafre.
For a long time, due to excessive humidity and poor ventilation in the pyramid, cracks appeared in the walls of the tomb chamber. In 1992, the Pyramid of Khafre experienced another earthquake with a magnitude of 5.4 and was partially damaged. In early 1993, when archaeologists were inspecting the pyramid area in Giza Province, they unexpectedly discovered a large-scale ancient tomb group with more than 160 ancient tombs. The hieroglyphs in the tomb recorded the time when the pyramids were built. Condition. There are paintings on the tomb walls, which vividly show the conditions during the construction of the pyramid. This group of ancient tombs have various shapes and materials. Some tombs are in the shape of pyramids, some are in the shape of round arches, and some are in the shape of rectangular flat tops and slopes. There are three main types of materials: adobe, basalt and granite. In order to further study the newly discovered ancient tombs, the Egyptian Ministry of Culture has set up a scientific research team, and the mystery of the pyramid builders will be further revealed. In July 1996, Egypt decided to open the four pyramids in Dashul, about 35 kilometers south of Cairo.
Two of these four pyramids were built for Pharaoh Safro of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt nearly 4,600 years ago. One of them has a unique shape and is called the "Bent Pyramid" or "Bent Pyramid". The "folded pyramid" has a square base with a side length of 188 meters and a height of about 98 meters. Its peculiarity is that it has two slopes on each side. Archaeologists have discovered that during construction, the ancient Egyptians first built at an inclination of 54 degrees. After reaching a certain height, they changed to an inclination of 43 degrees and continued to build upwards until completion. In this way, the four sides of the pyramid look curved. Another pyramid built for King Safro was made of reddish limestone, hence its name, the "Red Pyramid." In August 1996, Egyptian archaeologists accidentally discovered two rare stone statues of Ramses II while cleaning the base of the Menkaure Pyramid near the Giza Pyramids in the southwest of Cairo. cultural relics related to the world.
The two newly discovered stone statues are located next to the third great pyramid, the Kawula Pyramid. They are carved on the same stone, 3.5 meters high and weighing about 4 tons. One of them reflects the true face of Ramses II, and the other combines the statues of Ramses II and Hora Ukhti. Ramesses II was a famous pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (about 1304 BC - 1237 BC).
The Pyramids of Giza are cultural relics from the Old Kingdom of Egypt (3200 BC - 2270 BC), while Ramses II lived in the New Kingdom of Egypt (1560 BC - 1100 BC). Archaeological experts believe that this important discovery may help people reveal more secrets of the pyramid area.
In the past ten years, the large number of tourists visiting the pyramid has increased the humidity and chemical substances inside the pyramid, thus damaging the stability of the pyramid. In order to better protect the precious monuments of the pyramids, in April 1995, the Egyptian government declared 1995 as the year of protecting the pyramids.
A vast project
The largest pyramid is the tomb of Pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty. It was built around 2700 BC. The tower is 146.5 meters high, equivalent to a 40-story skyscraper. The tower base is square, each side is 230.6 meters long, and covers an area of ??about 52,900 square meters.
The Great Pyramid is made of approximately 2.3 million stones of various sizes. The lightest stone is 1.5 tons, the average weight is about 2.5 tons, and the total weight is about 6.848 million tons. If trucks with a load capacity of 7 tons are used to load, 978,286 trucks are needed. If these trucks are connected one by one, the total length is 6,200 kilometers, from Hainan Island in the south of our country to Mohe in the north, or from Pami in the west. It can't be moved from the plateau to Shanghai in the east. The embankment along the Yangtze River can be swung from the Tuotuo River in the upper reaches to Wusongkou in the lower reaches.
The second largest pyramid, which is only 3 meters lower than the Great Pyramid, is the Pyramid of Khafre. Next to the tower stands a huge stone sculpture, the Sphinx.
It is said that in 2610 BC, Hafra, the third pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, inspected his tomb that was about to be completed and found an abandoned boulder in the quarry. He ordered the stonemason to carve it according to his face shape. A stone statue.
The stone statue is 22 meters high and 75 meters long. It wears a "Naimus" crown on its head, has a relief sculpture of the holy snake "Kubola" engraved on its forehead, and has a beard more than five meters long hanging down from its chin. Majestic and mysterious.
When Napoleon occupied Egypt in 1798, he ordered to bombard the Sphinx with heavy artillery. As a result, the Sphinx remained motionless and only broke a few beards. It is now preserved in the British Museum. Napoleon once roughly estimated that if the stones from the three adjacent pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaufla were gathered together, a stone wall 3 meters high and one meter thick could be built to surround the entire French power. stand up.
Where did you get so many stones? According to research, ordinary stone materials may be obtained nearby. The 115,000 pieces of fine white limestone used for the outer layer were taken from the Mukatam quarry on the east bank of the Nile; the granite for the inner tomb was taken from Aswan, 500 miles away.
Quarrying, transporting, going down the river, and landing the stone not only requires a large number of masons, construction workers, transport workers, and sailors, but also a considerable number of engineers, construction workers, and managers. An army with sufficient suppressive capabilities is also essential. Moreover, they need food, clothing, housing, and consumption, which requires a huge service staff. Of course, this does not include the elderly, women and children with weak labor force, nor does it include monks and nobles who get something for nothing.
It is estimated that the national strength of 50 million people is needed to support such a construction project, and it is generally believed that the total population of the world around 3000 BC did not exceed 20 million.
What's more, as many as 80 pyramids have been discovered. Even if, as Herodotus said in "History", it would take 30 years to complete one, it would take a total of 2,400 years. Egypt can withstand such a massive construction. , is such a long-term consumption?
The mystery of transportation
The most urgent and realistic problem is transportation.
Even if there is enough manpower, it is impossible to transport these 2.5 tons to 160 tons of boulders to the construction site.
Use a car? Use horse drawn horses? no! There were no horses or chariots in Egypt at that time. Cars and horses were introduced from abroad in the 16th century BC, 1,000 years after the construction of the Great Pyramid of Khufu.
Some people think that crowbars and round wooden sticks are used to transport the method. However, this method required the consumption of a large amount of wood, and the main tree in Egypt at that time was palm. Whether in terms of quantity, growth rate, or wood hardness, it was far from meeting the needs of transportation, and it was almost impossible to import wood.
Some people think it is water transportation. In 1980, Egypt's Giza Antiquities Inspector General Hawass conducted core sampling. When he dug to a depth of more than 100 feet, he discovered a rock wall at least 50 meters deep. This may be a port dug during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. Later, someone also discovered a waterway connecting the port. However, there are no pulleys, no winches, and no sufficiently advanced lifting equipment. It is more difficult to move such heavy and huge stones downhill, onto a ship, and off the shore than to move them on land. What's more, there is at least a 50-foot drop between the water and the rocky shore! And the pyramids on the west bank of the Nile River must have stones from the east bank of the Nile River!
In addition to land transportation and water transportation, couldn't they transport it by air? What a mystery.
A French industrial chemist studied the pyramid from a chemical and microscopic perspective. He believed that these stones were not integrated into one body, but were agglomerates of lime, rocks, shells and other substances. Because the adhesive used has strong coagulation power, it is almost impossible to tell whether it is a natural stone or an artificial stone. This certainly solves the problem of transportation difficulties appropriately. However, as circumstantial evidence, the 2.5-centimeter-long human hair found in the stones is still too small; and this outstanding adhesive is not only not recorded in ancient books, but also the chemist used modern methods. It has not been analyzed yet.
Architectural Mystery
It is said that the designer and architect of the pyramid was Imhotep, the first genius in history who transcended the times. However, his "genius" was so far ahead of his time that it aroused our justifiable surprise and suspicion.
It is quite difficult to flatten a huge convex rock into a 52,900 square meter tower base. They completed the tower base without a level, no power equipment, and no modern measurement methods. Surveying and construction. The difference between its four bases is less than 20 centimeters, and the error rate is less than one thousandth; the height difference between its southeast corner and northwest corner is only 1.27 centimeters, and the error rate is less than one thousandth. Its east-west axis The force position error between the north and south uranium does not exceed 5 arc seconds. They do not have a "foot" and can only use the arm as a unit of measurement, which is called a cubit (300# cubit is approximately equal to 155 meters). How can they build a tower so large? So precise? It’s really puzzling!
In order to ensure that the pyramid will last forever, the designers did not use a piece of wood or an iron nail, because wood is easy to rot and iron is easy to rust, but they are both strong. Hidden danger. There is no adhesive between the stones, but they fit together so seamlessly that even the thinnest and thinnest blade cannot be inserted.
How to stack the stones layer by layer is a mysterious topic that arouses speculation.
Some people say that a wooden boat-shaped tool was used to gradually lift the boulders higher and build them layer by layer using the principle of leverage. However, where do the supports and ropes that can lift several tons, dozens of tons, or even more than 100 tons come from?
Some people say that the sand filling method is used to fill sand along the base of the tower. The sand fence rises along with the base of the tower and serves as a scaffolding. After the tower is completed, the sand is removed.
Now, let us do a math problem:
The Egyptian Pyramid is a square pyramid with a pointed bottom and a height of 146 meters. The base of the tower is square with a side length of 230 meters. What is its volume?
If it is surrounded by sand to form a slope that can transport stones, the angle of the slope will be 30 or 25 degrees. , then, how many meters will its base be? Assume that their heights are also 146 meters. How many cubic meters of sand are needed for each?
Where does such much sand come from? Moreover, the fill-before-destroy transportation volume will be doubled.
Some people say that they use the salt filling method. The method is the same as above. After use, you only need to dissolve it with water and there is no need to move it away. However, so much salt is harder to come by than sand. What's more, a heavy rain will dissolve the entire salt slope.
Some people think that Nile mud bricks are used to build a spiral ramp and stop rising layer by layer. The result is similar to a sand slope, but mud bricks are harder to obtain than sand. There is an entrance 13 meters above the ground in the north of the tower. Since the 9th century AD, tomb robbers, explorers, and investigators have come one after another. However, the structure inside the tower remains a mystery. There are maze-like passages and curtain chambers in the tower. The walls are smooth and decorated with reliefs. There are neat steps in the passage, which extend towards the tomb chamber in the same vein, until very deep underground. There is another ventilation hole in the tomb leading to the outside of the tower. It is said that the "souls" of the deceased can escape freely through these holes. The strange thing is that of these two blowholes, one is aligned with Draco (immortality) and the other with Orion (resurrection). It is probably the place where the soul ascends. Three such tombs have been discovered, and archaeologists believe that at least four more have not yet been discovered. Could the ancients 4,000 years ago complete such exquisite designs and conceptions?
The most amazing thing What is strange is that no matter which tomb, there are no traces of lighting with torches or the like. Archaeologists used modern instruments to analyze the 4,600-year-old dust, but found no soot or any trace of scraped soot. You know, these instruments can analyze one part per million of the chemical composition in every particle of dust. So, it was absolutely impossible for them to carve reliefs, clean the tomb, or move the corpse of the king in the dark. What lighting methods did they use? We haven't discovered it yet.
The mystery of the data
The precise equations shown by several numbers have puzzled archaeologists, architects, geographers, and physicists.
Equation 1 (pyramid) self-weight □l0l5 = weight of the earth
Equation 2 (pyramid) tower height □l billion = distance from the earth to the sun (150 million kilometers)
Equation 3 (pyramid) tower height square = tower surface triangle area
Equation 4 (pyramid) base perimeter tower height = circle radius
etc. Equation 5 (pyramid) base perimeter x2 = equatorial time division
Equation 6 (pyramid) base perimeter ˉ (pyramid height □2) = pi (□=.3.l4l59)
Who can believe that this series of data is just a coincidence?
There is also the vertical bisector extending in the center of the bottom surface, which is the sub-horizontal line of the earth. This line happens to divide the earth. The continents and oceans are divided into two equal halves. Also, the base of the pyramid is located at the center of gravity of the earth's continents.
Also, the size of the Great Pyramid is very similar in proportion to the size of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth. Therefore, some people infer that the Egyptians had calculated the oblateness of the earth 4,000 years ago.
Also, the position of the axis of the earth's poles changes every day, but after a cycle of 25827 years, it will return to its original position, and the sum of the diagonals of the pyramid is exactly 25826.6 This strange number.
People know that Pythagoras’ law did not appear until 1,000 years after the pyramids were built; it was 3,000 years later that Zu Chongzhi calculated pi to such an accurate degree, and it was not until the 16th century in the West that the , more accurate calculations can be made; only 4,000 years after the pyramids were built, Columbus discovered "America", and people had a preliminary understanding of the world's land and sea distribution; only today, nearly 5,000 years after the pyramids were built, can we calculate the size of the earth Weight, distance between the earth and the sun## However, how could the ancients 4,500 years ago have such accurate calculations?
An eternal mystery
It is said that there were seven major powers in the ancient world As time goes by, some of the miracles have collapsed and some have disappeared. Only the pyramids stand proudly and will last forever. What is the secret?
Let us do an experiment first: pour a certain amount of rice, sand, and gravel slowly from top to bottom, and soon it will form The three cones, despite their different masses, are remarkably similar in shape. If you were willing to measure it, their cone angles are both 52 degrees. This naturally formed angle is the most stable angle, and people call it the "limit angle and stable angle of the natural collapse phenomenon." The strange thing is that the pyramid is exactly 5l degrees, 50 minutes and 9 seconds. It shows that it is built according to this "limit angle and stable angle".
The wind in the desert is violent. Due to the unique shape of the pyramid, the strong wind force has to rise slowly along the slope or angle of the tower. The wind-receiving surface of the tower becomes smaller and smaller from bottom to top. When it reaches the top of the tower, the wind-receiving surface of the tower becomes smaller. The surface is close to zero. This unique shape of waiting for work with ease and overcoming rigidity with softness minimizes the destructive power of wind.
People also know that the deflection of magnetic field lines can cause ground buildings and even mountains to collapse, and the base of this pyramid is exactly in the center of the magnetic field lines. It moves with the movement of the magnetic field lines and with the movement of the earth. Movement, therefore, the amplitude it endures is extremely weak, and the impact of earthquakes on it is not significant.
The 52-degree "angle", the "shape" of the square pyramid, and the "position" that moves synchronously with the magnetic lines of force are the mystery of the stability of the pyramid. But, can anyone tell us how the ancients 4,500 years ago knew that the 52-degree angle was the stable angle? How do you know how to use square cones to defuse desert storms? How do you know how to lay the huge tower foundation at the center of the magnetic field lines?
Microwave resonant cavity and cosmic waves
People are always going to die. But why spend so much labor and spend so much money to build yourself a corpse repository? In addition to the inevitable luxury and luxury of kings, are there any other reasons?
Yes. Scientists have shown that the shape of the pyramid stores a strange "energy" that can quickly dehydrate the corpse and accelerate "mummification", waiting for the corpse to be resurrected one day.
If you put a rusty metal coin into the pyramid, it will soon become golden; if you put a cup of fresh milk into the pyramid, and take it out after 24 hours, it will still be delicious and fresh; if you If you have a headache or toothache, go to the pyramid. After an hour, the swelling and pain will subside and you will be relieved. If you have neurasthenia and exhaustion, go to the pyramid. After a few minutes or a few hours, you will be refreshed and your strength will double. .
French scientist Powis discovered that one-third of the height of the tower, the corpses of piglets and puppies in the trash can not only did not rot, but dehydrated on their own, turning into " mummy". He made a small pyramid according to the size and proportion of the pyramid, and also achieved the effect of antisepsis and preservation. This small household pyramid was once popular in the United States for preservation and testing purposes. Czech radio technician Carl Delbar created the "Pyramid Blade Sharpener" based on Bovis's discovery, and obtained a "patent" issued by the Czech Republic in 1959.