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George Kelly
The father of aerodynamics - George Kelly
p>Orville Wright once said: "Our success is entirely thanks to that British gentleman Joe Kelly. He wrote about the principles of aviation. His published works can be said to be without errors and are indeed scientifically correct. The greatest document. "Some Western aerodynamics experts call George Kelly the father of aerodynamics.
George Kelly was born in Scarborough, England, on December 27, 1773. He was educated in York and Nottingham, but this studious and talented young man mainly came from a family. From teachers, I gained knowledge about natural science. This tutor was the famous mathematician George Wacker.
When Kelly was 10 years old, he heard that Frenchman Rozier had made the first manned balloon flight, and he began to become interested and yearned for aviation. In 1792, he conducted a series of experiments using a toy helicopter called the "Chinese Flying Gyro." In 1804, he wrote the first paper on the principles of human flight.
Kelly proposed that modern aircraft should not imitate the fluttering of birds, but should adopt the mode of propellers of fixed-wing aircraft. In his paper he described in detail the outline of the modern aircraft, laying the foundation for later aerodynamics. He believed that proper stability can be obtained by taking a slight angle when designing the wing surface. This is the dihedral angle of modern aircraft. The tail must have vertical and horizontal rudder surfaces, which are exactly the same as modern aircraft. He believed that the aircraft must be streamlined. According to his calculations, if the resistance of one kilogram could be reduced, the load capacity of the aircraft could be increased by 66 kilograms without increasing horsepower. He also discussed the relationship between speed and lift, wing loading, how to reduce the weight of the aircraft, and even using internal combustion engines as power. George Kelly engraved his plans for a modern airplane on a small silver plate in 1799. One side of the small silver plate is engraved with descriptions of the various forces acting on the wing, and the other side is engraved with a sketch of the aircraft. This silver plate is now in the Science Museum, London.
But the problem that had troubled Kelly for many years was the lack of suitable power. The steam engines at that time were large and heavy, and it was impossible to send Kelly's plane into the sky. As a last resort, he turned to the research of manned unpowered gliding. In 1849, the 75-year-old Kelly built a Sanji glider, and an unknown 10-year-old boy flew a few yards from top to bottom. This was undoubtedly the first manned glider in human history. Glider flight.
In 1853, he wrote an article describing the flight of an unmanned glider and sent it to the French Aeronautical Society with the title "Improved 1853 Rudder Glider". In 1971, a British pilot, Lieutenant Colonel Sparrow, completely based on the notes left by Kelly, built a glider exactly the same as that of the year. It flew very successfully, proving how successful Kelly's design was 118 years ago.
Not only was Kelly interested in aviation, he also designed naval cannon shells for Great Britain, which were used during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1807, he invented and patented the heat engine, which was widely used in industry. In 1825, Kelly designed a spoked wheel for use on gliders, an invention that is still used on bicycles today. In addition, he also invented the automatic railway braking device and made many valuable contributions in acoustics, optics, electricity and sewer engineering.
Kelly died in 1858 at the age of 84.