Technical standards include basic technical standards, product standards, process standards, test method standards, safety and health standards and environmental protection standards. [ 1]
Technical standards have three characteristics:
First, each enterprise forms the technical standard of each product by providing its own technology and patents to the standards organization;
Second, the production of enterprise products is carried out according to such standards. All products pass the unified standard, and the equipment can be interconnected, which can help enterprises sell products better;
Three, enterprises in the standard organization can enjoy each other's patented technology in a certain way.
Supplement:
The standards of technical matters that need to be coordinated and unified in the field of standardization are called technical standards. It is the technical basis of production, construction and commodity circulation. There are many classification methods of technical standards, which can be divided into basic standards, product standards, method standards, safety and health standards and environmental protection standards according to their standardized object characteristics and functions. According to the role of standardized objects in the production process, it can be divided into parts standards, raw materials and blank standards, tooling standards, equipment maintenance standards and inspection standards. According to the compulsory degree of standards, they can be divided into compulsory standards and recommended standards; According to the application scope of standards in enterprises, they can be divided into company standards, industry standards and departmental standards.
The procedure of making technical standards mainly involves two core issues: who should be the main body of making standards, the government or enterprises, or the third party; Whether the standard should be "open" or "closed". There are still some "problems" that are not problems, such as whether the government can formulate mandatory standards. (It is clearly stated in the interpretation of laws and regulations that there are four situations involving safety, and the government can formulate mandatory standards; The United States government also has mandatory standards, such as emc certification standards. So we won't focus on it. )
In the procedural due process of technical standards, is there a common misunderstanding among all parties, that is, "it's either this or that": if the subject can only be this, it can't be that; The form can only be this way, not that way. The conclusion is that the subjects and forms of standards are different, the rules are different, and the rules are not linked. This means that zf, third parties and enterprises can all be the subjects of making rules; Both open standards and closed standards can be formulated. But in different situations, the applicable rules of the game are different, and it is impossible to steal the rules applicable to one subject and one form to another.