Nobel's father, Emmanuel Nobel, is an inventor and owns a large machinery factory in Russia. 1840 ——1859 His father is engaged in large-scale mine production in St. Petersburg. These mines and other weapons were used in the Crimean war. He invented the boiler system for home heating, designed a machine for making wooden wheels, designed and manufactured a large forging hammer, and transformed the factory equipment. 1853, Tsar Nicholas I made an exception and awarded Emmanuel Nobel a medal in recognition of his achievements. Under the influence and guidance of his father's endless creative spirit, Nobel embarked on a brilliant road of scientific invention.
After growing up, he studied in St. Petersburg, and Nobel went to France and the United States for further study. He returned to Sweden to study and invent chemistry, especially explosives. Nobel and his son set up a laboratory in the suburb of Stockholm, and developed a mercury tube to solve the detonation of explosives for the first time. 1863 began to produce glycerol explosives. Because liquid explosives are prone to explosion accidents, in 1866, he made a solid safe violent explosive "Danamat", which became the cornerstone of Nobel International Industrial Group in the future. 1867 invented the safety detonator, and then successively invented various more powerful explosives. He had nearly 400 inventions such as explosives and rayon in his life and obtained 85 patents. These inventions made Nobel occupy an important position in the history of world chemistry. Nobel accumulated a lot of wealth by making explosives. He bought most of the shares in the Swedish chemical plant B. Gorsbon Arms, founded the Nobel Chemical Company, opened two trust companies for producing explosives in western European countries, and owned the Nobel Brothers Company for oil exploration in Baku, Russia.
Before his death, he made a will in 1895 and used most of his $9.2 million property as a fund. He set up five prizes for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace with an annual interest of $200,000 (the Swedish National Bank added the economics prize in 1969) to reward scholars who made the greatest contribution in the above fields that year. Starting from 190 1, the bonus will be paid every year on 65438+February 10.
Alfred nobel doesn't want to write a biography. He thinks that no one will read an article about a person.
Nobel's personal evaluation is-"the greatest advantage: keeping nails clean never poses a burden to anyone." The biggest characteristics: no family, lack of cheerful spirit, good appetite. The biggest and only requirement: don't be buried alive.