Since leading the library work, Tao has been conscientious and hard-working. He pointed out that there were two old roads in the past, representing two different types of libraries. One is the library, handed down from feudal times; The other is the so-called new library, which was introduced from abroad. But these old methods can't go away, and new ones must be opened up. This is to run a library according to the needs and requirements of socialist revolution and socialist construction. He also pointed out that opening the door to run a library is the policy of running a socialist library well. Our library should face the vast number of scientific and technological personnel, workers and peasants intellectuals, so that everyone who needs our books can get it, which is an active supply. Library staff should pretend to be public servants; Be active, diligent and do everything possible to serve readers. Generally speaking, the college library can face the whole country, the branch libraries can face the whole region, and readers inside and outside the college can be treated equally. Opening the door wider is only good, not bad. However, some measures should be taken to open the door, not only to maximize the utility of books, but also to ensure that books are not lost. As for the libraries of various research institutes and laboratories, the main service targets are the research work of their own research institutes and laboratories. The object of opening to the outside world can only be research institutions with similar nature and colleagues on the production front.
1958 The library work conference of China Academy of Sciences held in September confirmed Tao's idea of running a library.
Tao has always advocated that libraries should serve scientists. He published an article in People's Daily on July 22nd, 956, entitled "Libraries should serve scientists". He pointed out: "The call of the Party and the government to March into science has further aggravated the task of the library to serve scientists. The library welcomes this glorious task and should use all its strength to prepare enough scientific documents to meet the needs of scientific workers at any time. " "At present, important scientific books and periodicals published in the past by countries all over the world should be supplied as fully as possible", and at the same time, "because of the continuous progress of science today and because we want to catch up with the international advanced scientific level, scientists especially need scientific books and periodicals published now, that is, books and periodicals being published one after another today". In order to obtain all scientific books and periodicals in ancient and modern times, Tao proposed that "it should be developed in two aspects." On the one hand, establish two or three comprehensive science book centers across the country and acquire as many scientific books and periodicals as possible. " "On the other hand, it is to develop professional libraries. The professional library specializes in collecting books and periodicals within the professional scope, carefully selected and strictly controlled, so its collection is the most convenient and useful for some scientists. " "China has two or three science library centers and professional libraries scattered all over the country, such as research institutions, specialized colleges, professional departments and production departments. Work together to form a large library network providing scientific documents. This huge library network will certainly play a huge role in China's scientific research work. " 1957 in August, the state science and technology commission adopted these suggestions, set up a book group, and hired Tao Wei as the team leader. Then, the State Council promulgated the national book coordination plan, set up the first and second central library committees in Beijing and Shanghai, and set up local central library committees in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and did a lot of work, such as purchasing coordination, centralized cataloguing, compiling joint catalogues, and training library cadres, which played a great role in promoting science and providing books and periodicals for scientists.
During his tenure as the director of the Library of China Academy of Sciences, Tao actively advocated relying on scientists to run the library. He believes that "to run a library well, three conditions must be met: 1, because leaders pay attention to it and supervise its progress;" 2. There are scientific and technical personnel who often give assistance; 3. The staff must have a certain scientific and cultural level and foreign language knowledge. Therefore, three committees were set up to hire scientists to help manage the library.
First, the Book Committee of China Academy of Sciences was established. Its tasks are: (1) to define the development direction of the library and assist the curator to solve major problems in the library; (2) To guide the library how to cooperate with the scientific research work inside and outside the hospital; (3) Guide the library to buy books; (4) Discuss the basic construction of the library. Members appointed successively are Qian Sanqiang, Ye, Wang, Fu Ying,.
The second is to set up the "Book Selection Committee of the Library of China Academy of Sciences" to invite experts to participate in the work according to the fields of mathematics, mechanics (including automation), physics (including electronics), chemistry, biology, geoscience, technical science and so on.
Thirdly, the Scientific Book Classification Committee of China Academy of Sciences was established to study and guide the compilation of Library Classification of China Academy of Sciences. Among them: (including) (1) compiling the guiding ideology of book classification; (2) the system structure of book classification; (3) Drafting various details.
Practice has proved that these three committees have played an active role in the construction of the library of China Academy of Sciences.
Sci-tech books and periodicals are indispensable sources of information for scientific researchers. Therefore, Tao attaches great importance to the collection of books. He started from two aspects. On the one hand, he strictly grasps the principle of ordering books and periodicals: both good and practical. Under the guidance of this principle, the purchasing staff of university libraries broaden the sources of books and actively collect and supplement scientific and technological documents. In a few short years, important scientific and technological documents published at home and abroad in recent ten years have been supplemented, and some documents needed for scientific research and production construction, such as meeting minutes, scientific and technological reports, government publications, patent specifications, technical standards, etc., have been collected and supplemented in large quantities during this period, which has changed the original collection and provided sufficient "food and grass" for marching into science. At the same time, it also formed an important development period in the history of university libraries.
On the other hand, Tao personally questioned and guided the international book exchange, aiming at publicizing China's scientific and technological achievements and introducing a large amount of foreign scientific and technological information. In the exchange work, relying on his rich international knowledge and management experience, he personally selected the exchange targets and titles of books and periodicals to be exchanged for academic institutions in Britain, the United States, Japan, Germany and France. He attaches great importance to the economic benefits of international book exchange. He classified publications into three categories: advanced, intermediate and ordinary. Those with pricing and those without pricing were evaluated according to the quality of books and periodicals. No matter which exchange method is adopted, the economic benefits of exchange in that year should be calculated every year, and how much foreign exchange is saved for the country in one year should be estimated. At the same time, we also pay attention to the quality of the exchanged books and periodicals, instruct the exchanged books and periodicals to be exhibited, and ask scientists to identify them. Zhu Kezhen and Vice President Wu personally visited the exhibition and praised the achievements of this work.
In order to give full play to the role of the library, according to Tao's instructions, the college library has compiled new book bulletin, Soviet periodical paper index, natural science periodical index, chemical periodical summary table of the whole hospital, Russian periodical summary table, patent express, patent literature index, scientific literature index and so on. The library of Wuhan Branch has the Special Index of Chemical Papers, the library of Lanzhou Branch has the Index of Reference Materials for Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, and the library of Nanjing Soil Research Institute has the Index of Soil Papers. These bibliographies and indexes are warmly welcomed by researchers.
Tao often educates librarians to do everything possible to serve readers and gradually improve the quality of service. At the beginning of the establishment of the library, there were not many books, and the focus of work was to supplement books for various departments. Due to the need of research work, the reading room was expanded from 1956, and the patent literature reading room was added and the data reading room was reduced from 1957. 1958 The Xijiao Service Station was established in May, and the Zhongguancun stacks were built in October, 1959/kloc-0, that is, the natural science service department was formally established, and the natural science books and periodicals in the city were moved for the use of researchers in Zhongguancun Research Institute, which greatly improved the utilization rate of books and periodicals. The number of books and periodicals lent in that year reached 136756+090. In terms of service mode, the college library not only borrows books from the library, but also carries out projects such as letter borrowing, book delivery, and interlibrary loan at home and abroad. In addition, attention should also be paid to strengthening book reports, reader consultation and reference consultation, as well as new book exhibitions, special exhibitions, academic reports and special lectures. It has been holding and publicizing books and helping readers master the methods of searching documents, which has been well received by researchers. The libraries of various research institutes have also made good achievements in reader service, generally implementing open-shelf lending, and many libraries have also carried out the work of searching, borrowing, copying and translating documents on behalf of researchers, which has largely met the requirements of using books. Tao Menghe felt very satisfied after reading it.
As early as 1956, Tao called for: "In order to widely meet the needs of all parties for scientific literature, and make every library equipped with sufficient copying tools, including cameras and microfilm copying machines, so as to copy at any time to meet the needs." Through 1959, he further pointed out that libraries must move towards mechanization and automation. He said: "Today, library work and information work are all about managing thousands of documents. Due to the increasing number of documents, manual work has gradually failed to meet the needs, so it is necessary to move towards mechanization and automation. We look forward to the mechanization and automation of scientific and technological workers in reading, searching and even translating documents, and give us more suggestions and help. For example, regarding the design and manufacture of microscope lenses, search machines for punched cards, and electronic computers for automatic translation, we should all catch up with foreign progress as soon as possible. " For this view, everyone thinks that Tao is far-sighted.
Tao attaches great importance to the cultivation and training of library cadres. When he was just the director of the library, he held the first library affairs meeting on March 5 195 1, and put forward specific requirements for comrades working in the library. He said: "According to the resolution of the 5 1 year 1 president's meeting, the presidents are responsible for administrative changes and I am responsible for the tasks of the library. Now under the leadership of the people's government, all undertakings are moving forward. Library is an institution that promotes the improvement of cultural level, and of course it is a more important cause. The expansion of its business is an inevitable trend. ..... So I have several requirements for all comrades working in the library: (1) Working in the library should have the spirit of serving the public, meet the requirements of readers and cherish books. Of course, it is also a good phenomenon that you like reading, but you should put public before private and others before yourself. (2) The nature of the library of the Academy of Sciences is different from that of ordinary libraries, and there are probably many books specially for specialized scientific talents to read. Therefore, the library staff in our college, especially the comrades in charge of books, should have a clear understanding of the classification of books collected, and what kind of questions or books readers should refer to can be found at any time for reading. (3) Everyone should be proficient in the business of this position. When the great task comes in the future, we should be happy, not at a loss. Now the library has organized business classes, which is very good. I hope that from simple to complex, it will be regular and normalized. " Then, it is pointed out that "universities and branch libraries should make more efforts in cadre training" and it is an effective method to train on-the-job cadres by providing short-term training. At work, we should also train young employees in a planned way. On the one hand, we should give them the conditions to learn professional knowledge, Chinese and scientific knowledge. On the one hand, we should boldly hand over all kinds of work to them and exercise them at work, so that we can train them quickly, well and economically, "he added, paying attention to cultivating new forces in cadre work. Support them, love them and let them grow up quickly. Experts of the older generation should pass on their knowledge and experience to your successors without reservation, and young people should also respect their predecessors and learn from them with an open mind. "According to Tao Lao's instructions, in the early days of liberation, the Institute set up three workshops. 1956, the hospital opened another large-scale study class. 1959 The library of our college jointly held three library training courses in Wuhan and Shanghai respectively. From 1960 to 1962, the college library held two consecutive library training courses in Beijing, which enabled more than 1000 library cadres in the whole school to receive basic training and improve their professional level. 1958, the Compiling and Publishing Committee of the Institute organized the Library, Science Press and Information Institute of China Academy of Sciences to jointly establish the University of Science and Information. The following year, it merged into China University of Science and Technology, established the Department of Science and Information, and trained a number of books, information and publishing talents, many of whom later became business department leaders or academic leaders.
Tao loves the young, promotes the learning of future generations and teaches people tirelessly. In the library, he treats young cadres with persuasion, encouraging them to study more and delve into their business, especially when comrades in literature interview and international exchange work find him with problems, he always takes pains to explain and solve them. Vice President Tao, who is over 70 years old, often comes to the library to preside over the work in spite of illness, and personally sits in the office of the international book exchange group to review the exchanged letters and books. His words and deeds have far-reaching influence.
Generally speaking, under the leadership of Tao, the library of China Academy of Sciences has developed rapidly in the short ten years after the national liberation. The number of libraries in the hospital has increased from 1950 to more than 200 in 1959, and the collection of books has increased from 63,000 in 1950 to 1959. These books are the most useful and precious scientific and technological documents in China, and play a very important role in the development of scientific research in China.
Tao ruled sociology in his early years, but soon after the founding of New China, sociology was dismissed as pseudoscience, which seriously affected the fair evaluation and rational use of Tao. When the 1957 rectification movement mobilized intellectuals to speak out, Tao suggested that "old intellectuals are useless ... because China lacks cadres, materials are not used, and materials are not supplemented, which leads to a lot of confusion." Later, at the climax of the anti-rightist struggle, at the conference criticizing Fei Xiaotong's so-called "political conspiracy to restore bourgeois sociology and economics", Tao bluntly said: In a socialist society, the relationship between people and social progress depends on friendship, not hatred, and intellectuals should play their role, not hostility. He also made a shocking remark that intellectuals suffered "catastrophe" in the political movement. Later, he was designated as a rightist, and the position of vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences protected him from much influence.
In April, 1960, Tao went to Shanghai to attend the third academic conference of China Academy of Sciences. On the third day after arriving in Shanghai, he suddenly suffered from acute myocardial infarction and died at noon in April of 17 at the age of 73. On April 28th, a public sacrifice was held at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Beijing Sun Yat-sen Park. In the mourning hall, there are wreaths sent by party and state leaders Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai.