Different from the traditional "Iron Gong Ji", the seven major areas in the new infrastructure are mainly science and technology. Many experts and media believe that UHV is the highlight of new infrastructure.
However, few people can make it clear.
What is UHV?
In China, voltage levels are divided into safe voltage, low voltage, high voltage, ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage. EHV refers to direct current of 800 kV and above and alternating current of 1000 kV and above, which is the most advanced transmission technology in the world.
According to the data of State Grid, a UHV DC network can transmit 6 million kilowatts of electricity, which is about five times that of the existing 500 kV DC network, and the transmission distance is also two to three times that of the latter, which also saves 60% of land resources.
As we know, China is a big industrial country, and its power production and sales are increasing year by year, but the early power supply is not healthy.
For example, in 2003, there was a rare power shortage in the whole country, and a power shortage crisis broke out in various provinces and cities across the country. Radio and TV universities in Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, even Shanxi Province, which is rich in coal resources, have been continuously embarrassed to lose power, and some provinces and cities in Hunan even directly lost power for one month.
Driven by the power shortage, the prices of raw materials such as cement and steel also rose sharply, factories complained and candles were out of stock, which put the whole development process of China in a passive position.
There are two reasons for power shortage: 1. The two monopoly industries of coal and electricity have been wrestling for many years, and the development of power facilities is slow. The related investment only accounts for 7% of the total investment, and the power generation resources in various places are unbalanced. 2. With the rapid development of economy, the heavy industry consuming coal and electricity has developed rapidly, and the demand for electricity has soared 14%.
From a painful experience, power resources, as the cornerstone of national development, have been promoted to an unprecedented height.
Over the years, the country has vigorously promoted oil, wind power, coal and water conservancy power generation, but there are huge differences in different regions. 76% of the coal is distributed in the north and northwest, 80% of the water is distributed in the southwest, most of the wind and solar energy are distributed in the northwest, and more than 70% of the electricity demand is concentrated in the central and eastern regions.
Where the economy is developed, there is a shortage of electricity, and where the power resources are abundant, it is wasted. It's really a sharp turn of drought and flood.
We know that electricity is not easy to store, and the production and sales of electricity in China are increasing year by year, and electricity is the upstream of new infrastructure. Whether it's 5G, big data center, industrial internet or charging piles for new energy vehicles, the construction and operation of these technologies are inseparable from the power network.
Take 5G as an example, the number of base stations will be 4-5 times that of 4G, and the power consumption of each base station will be more than 3 times that of 4G, which means that the power consumption of 5G will be more than 12 ~ 15 times that of 4G era, which is unprecedented in power consumption!
Therefore, if China wants to occupy a place in the field of new science and technology, it is the general trend to develop UHV, which is the infrastructure in the infrastructure and the bottom guarantee of the future science and technology industry.
At the same time, as the main field, UHV has the advantages of long industrial chain, strong driving force and remarkable economic and social benefits, which can support the national economy and inject strong vitality into economic construction in the next few years.
Compared with other overwhelming advantages in power transmission and safety, UHV has tried its best to make itself famous.
In foreign countries, UHV was developed in the 1970s, such as Italy, the Soviet Union, Japan, the United States, Canada, Spain and other countries. However, they are either too small to be commercialized or federal, and there are monopoly groups among States, so they have been put on hold one after another.
What is the situation in China?
Since 2006, China has invested a lot of money in the research and development and construction of UHV, and now it ranks first in the world. According to the data of "an enterprise information inquiry platform", there are 4,366 UHV public patents in China, with a significant growth period from 2006, 2065, 438+00, 2065 and 438+06, which is also in line with the macro of China in recent years.
Up to now, 25 UHV lines have been put into operation in China, 7 under construction and 7 to be approved.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the planned total investment of power grid projects in China, including the UHV project, was 2.38 trillion yuan, which boosted power investment by 3 trillion yuan and boosted GDP growth by more than 0.8% annually.
2020 is the closing year of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. According to the latest standard of State Grid Infrastructure Department, the annual investment scale of State Grid Corporation's UHV construction project is1811billion yuan, which can drive social investment by 360 billion yuan, with an overall scale of 54 1 1 billion yuan, achieving double-digit growth year-on-year.
For example, on February 28th, the northern Shaanxi-Hubei 800 kV DC project started, with a total investment of 654.38+08.5 billion yuan, which is expected to directly drive the equipment production scale of about 654.38+02 billion yuan, drive the investment of power supply and other related industries to exceed 70 billion yuan, and increase more than 40,000 jobs.
At present, judging from the previous project bidding time nodes and the delivery rhythm of UHV project equipment, 2020 and 20021year are also big delivery years for UHV equipment manufacturers. It is estimated that the delivery amount of UHV main equipment from 2019 to 2022 is 8.7 billion yuan, 22.8 billion yuan, 28.3 billion yuan and 3.4 billion yuan.
So, in this wave, which companies benefit?
In China, UHV is mainly controlled by the State Grid. In terms of implementation, there are more than a dozen large enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, such as Gao Ping Electric, Guodian Nanrui, Xuji Electric, china xd, TBEA and other traditional main equipment suppliers, as well as Gao Chang Group and siyuan electric.
According to the third quarter financial report of 20 19 released by the enterprise, TBEA has the largest operating income, with the revenue of 25.4 billion in the third quarter, and the second-place revenue of Guodian Nanrui is 172 billion, which is 68% of TBEA. Among them, jiuzhou electric's revenue in the same period was the least, * * * 409 million.
In the main equipment of 1 1, the number of inductors and combined appliances is the largest.
Judging from the recent period, the entire UHV plate has been heated up by funds, and the expectation for 2020 is very high. In limited equipment companies, the probability of winning the bid is relatively high.
In the whole industrial chain, there are mainly three types of equipment-* * *:
1) Converter valve: Guodian Nanrui, Xuji Electric and china xd are leading companies, with the winning bid rate of 42%/3 1%/20%, totaling 93%;
2) DC control and protection system: Guodian Nanrui and Xuji Electric are the only two suppliers, with the winning bid rate of 53%/47%;
3)GIS: Gao Ping Electric and china xd are leading companies, with the winning rate of 40%+/20+%;
In addition, take Gao Chang Group in Changsha, Hunan as an example. The company is the backbone enterprise of developing and producing high-voltage electrical appliances in China, the main equipment supplier of circuit breakers and disconnectors, and the qualified supplier of centralized bidding by State Grid and China Southern Power Grid Corporation. The revenue of power transmission and transformation equipment accounts for 79.3% of the whole company.
With the growth of a new round of technological driving force in the world, it will be a general trend to increase power consumption year by year.
In China, some changes have taken place in the energy structure, and the development of new energy is gradually closely integrated with UHV. On March 22, State Grid announced its withdrawal from real estate, saying that it would continue to deepen the power sector, which is actually a relay for the next era.
In the long run, UHV is an intuitive and important link in China's industrial upgrading. Whether it can achieve "whole network power supply, stability and safety, and low price" will also become the core competitiveness of the six major areas of new infrastructure in the international division of labor.
Infrastructure has always been China's strong point, such as Indian, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions. Infrastructure such as power facilities has always been a pain point. Under the world trade pattern and the theme of Belt and Road, UHV will also become a business card of China's export trade, just like "Iron Gong Ji".