The history of trampolines can be traced back to the Comanche Indians in North America in the mid-19th century, and similar trampolines have been used by acrobats in Chinese circuses for at least 200 years. The pioneer of modern elastic trampoline is the French acrobat Du Trampolin. He used hemp rope to make a protective net to enhance the safety of the "air swing trapeze", and used the elasticity of the net to throw the actor into the air to complete various tasks. kind of action. In the 1930s, American diving champion George Nissen made a trampoline similar to today's to help him with diving and flip training, and later founded the "Nissen Trampoline Company". During World War II, the United States used trampolines to train pilots and navigators in their positioning skills and achieved good results. Later, it gradually became a sport and was widely carried out in middle schools and universities in the United States. In 1947, the United States held the first national trampoline exhibition competition in Texas. It was included in the official competition in 1948 and was later introduced to Europe. The All-British Trampoline Championships began in the UK in 1958, the first World Trampoline Championships were held in the UK in 1964, and the first European Trampoline Championships were held in Paris, France in 1969. In 1999, the International Trampoline Federation became an association of the International Gymnastics Federation, and became an official competition event at the 27th Olympic Games in 2000. There are two individual events for men and women, with 12 athletes participating in each event. Trampoline classification [edit this paragraph] Trampoline is divided into online and single jump events. Online: using the elasticity of the elastic bed to bounce the human body into the air, doing various gymnastics movements and somersaults in the air. It is divided into single, double and team events, with ten prescribed and optional actions each, and will be scored according to the choreography, difficulty and quality of the completed actions. Single jump: The competition is completed on a long and narrow wooden special track covered with thick carpet. On this track, athletes must continuously complete a set of difficult technical moves, including front somersaults, back flips, side somersaults, front somersaults followed by side somersaults, back somersaults followed by side somersaults, etc., and finally land on the mat at the end of the track. According to regulations, the entire set of movements should consist of no more than 8 individual movements, and must end with a somersault. Rules and Knowledge The Olympic trampoline has two individual gold medals for men and women. In individual competitions, athletes must complete 3 sets of actions, each set consisting of 10 actions. The characteristics of a set of trampoline movements are mainly reflected in the high altitude of the movements, and the rhythmic connection and transformation between the movements, including jumping off the feet, back bouncing, belly bouncing, and sitting bouncing movements. There is no pause or intermediate jump in the whole set of movements. A set of trampoline moves should consist of various forward and backward somersaults or non-turn somersaults. The athlete's full set of movements should show graceful body posture, correct movement techniques, ideal height and good body control. During competition, athletes are not allowed to wear jewelry and watches. Female athletes must wear white socks during competition. Violators will be disqualified from that round. Each competitor can be protected by one coach; under any circumstances, there must be no more than four protectors around the net. After the referee sends the signal, the athlete must start to perform the first action within 1 minute, otherwise points will be deducted. When athletes perform movements, except for split-leg jumping movements, other movements require the feet and legs to be close together and the toes to be straight. Depending on the movement requirements, the body posture can be tuck, bent or straight. There cannot be repeated actions in a set of actions, otherwise, repeated actions will not be counted in the difficulty calculation. If there are repeated movements in the first set of preliminaries, 1.0 points will be deducted for each repetition. Judges only score actions completed on the net. If there is an interruption during the game, the actions after the interruption will not be graded. At the end of the entire set of actions, the athlete must land on the net with both feet in a controlled manner and keep the upper body in an upright posture. Otherwise, points will be deducted according to the rules. The referee scores in units of 0.1 points. The head referee is responsible for determining the validity of the final score.
During the competition, due to poor posture, 0.1 to 0.5 points will be deducted for each action; 0.4 points will be deducted for touching the net with one or both hands; and 0.4 points will be deducted for touching the net with one or both hands or both knees, sitting on the net, lying down or lying on the back. 0.6 points; 0.6 points will be deducted for touching the spring, pad, trampoline frame or safety pad; 0.8 points will be deducted for falling or falling on the spring, pad, trampoline frame or safety platform or protective pad; 0.8 point will be deducted for falling or falling out of the trampoline. 1.0 points; 0.3 points will be deducted each time when the protective personnel or coaches speak to the athletes or give hints during the competition; 1.0 points will be deducted for each intermediate (straight body) jump in a set of actions; 1.0 points will be deducted for additional actions. ; 0.1~0.3 points will be deducted for exceeding the specified time. 1. The trampoline frame is 5.050 meters long, 2.910 meters wide, and 1.150 meters high. The net is 4.028 meters long, 2.014 meters wide, and has 112 springs. During a trampoline competition, athletes need to complete prescribed actions and optional actions. In the trampoline event, a player needs to perform 3 different sets of actions. The first set of actions is the prescribed action routine, and only the "difficulty points" of two of the actions are calculated. The second and third sets of actions are optional action routines. The score components of a trampoline routine are divided into "technical points", "difficulty points" and "synchronization points". "Technical points" are used to evaluate the completion of athletes' movements, with a full score of 10 points. In the official trampoline individual routine, there are five "technical judges". They will evaluate the "technical points" on the spot according to the athlete's completion. The sum of the three "technical points" in the middle is the total of the set of movements. "Technical points". Another main component of the trampoline routine is the "difficulty score". The calculation of the "difficulty score" is mainly determined by the number of flips of the action, and the "difficulty frame generation ⒉ Huan Chu ァＲ" is the truth? 6.5 When the world's top athletes train, the "difficulty score" of the entire set of movements can reach about 17-18.5 points. At the 2004 Canadian Championships, there was a "difficulty score" plus "technical score" of 18.5 points. " is the final score of a trampoline athlete in his individual routine. In a synchronized trampoline competition, the "synchronization referee" will also evaluate the "synchronization score" of the routine based on the synchrony of the two athletes' routine performances. The full score of "synchronization score" is 10 points. "Synchronization score" plus "technical score" plus the "difficulty score" of the routine are the final score of a set of synchronized routines. Gymnastics has become a specialized sports competition, especially a competitive one. Gymnastics has gone through a process of development and improvement. Take the records of Olympic gymnastics competitions as an example. In the first Athens Olympics in 1896, the pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bars were established, but there was no floor exercise event. , and only men's gymnastics competitions. In subsequent Olympic Games, gymnastics competitions were added to the gymnastics competitions (later changed to light equipment gymnastics), Swedish gymnastics, European gymnastics and other gymnastics competitions. In the 10th Olympic Games in Los Angeles in 1932, Floor exercise was added, and competitive gymnastics began to take shape at the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936. Gymnastics competitions truly formed the current six men's events; gymnastics competitions such as light equipment gymnastics, Swedish style, and European style began with men's gymnastics. The Olympics also included women's gymnastics events, but the improvement and finalization of women's events was not completed until the 17th Rome Olympics in 1960. China's trampoline movement started. Later, trampoline was listed as an official competition event by the "State Sports General Administration" in 1997, and the trampoline national team was established in 2002. However, due to a good gymnastics competitive foundation, trampoline developed very rapidly in China. In 2003, the first The Chinese team won the women's team runner-up in the World Championships. At the 2004 Athens Olympics, the Chinese trampoline team won an individual bronze medal and won the men's and women's online team championship at the 2005 World Trampoline Championships. The goal has been set to win the gold medal for the motherland in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In Doha, training the team, accumulating competition experience, and winning the gold medal have become the goals of Chinese trampoline athletes. Watching the game should arrive early. Leave the venue after the game. Enter and exit the venue in an orderly manner, avoid crowding, and respect the elderly and the young.
During the game, do not move around at will. It is best to move around during a pause or break. Do not speak loudly in the venue, behave in a civilized manner, do not litter anywhere, and smoking is prohibited. When watching the game, mobile phones should be turned off or set to vibrate or silent mode. Learning the necessary competition knowledge depends not only on the athletes' graceful movements, but also on their movement techniques and styles. We should not only appreciate the athletes' superb skills, but also feel their tenacious style and inner quality. Not only cheering for domestic athletes, but also applauding foreign athletes. Be enthusiastic but not arrogant, be passionate but not lose measure. Athletes need to eliminate all distracting thoughts and be calm before performing movements. When performing movements, they should focus all their energy on the movements to be completed. The audience should watch with full attention at this time, and do not applaud, cheer, or call the athletes' names. Do not use flash when taking photos, because flashing lights will distract athletes, affect their judgment of spatial height and time orientation, and may even cause competition errors or injuries. It is appropriate behavior to shout cheers when an athlete is about to appear, and to applaud when an athlete finishes their action. Gymnastics is an event scored by referees. When you think the referee is unfair, don't make noises, don't be impulsive, and restrain your emotions. This injustice may just be because you don't know enough about the rules, and it is the best choice to encourage the athletes, understand the referees, and continue to watch the following games. After the game is over and you leave the venue, please take your trash with you.