The traditional straw pulp industry generally uses alkaline method and sulfurous acid method to produce pulp. The wastewater discharge is large, which contains a lot of suspended solids, BOD, COD, chromaticity (black liquor), acid and alkali substances and toxic substances, which seriously pollutes the environment. According to the data published in China Environmental Annual Report, in 2004, the total sewage discharge of China paper industry was 654.38+08.4%, while the COD discharge was 654.38+0526 million tons, accounting for 30% of the total industrial COD discharge in China. The wastewater discharged up to the standard only accounts for 53.8% of the drainage in the paper industry.
2. Domestic market analysis
China is a country with more grass and less trees, and its agricultural resources are very rich and cheap. Using grass as raw material and adopting traditional chemical pulping process, the production pollution is serious. Chemical raw materials destroy the fiber of grass, which not only reduces the yield, but also reduces the quality of straw pulp and paper. At present, straw pulp can only produce low-grade products such as box board paper, corrugated paper, tile paper, grass paper, paper writing paper and sacrificial paper, and adopt new biological pulping technology. The ideal effect of straw pulp replacing wood pulp can be achieved.
The increasing market demand for paper and paperboard has driven the huge demand for pulp. At present, China consumes more than 70 million tons of pulp every year, and pulp basically needs to be imported from abroad. The pulp market is in short supply, and the prospect is very considerable. Straw pulp produced by new raw material pulping technology has low cost, good quality and no pollution in the production process, which can partially replace wood pulp and alleviate the import pressure of wood pulp in China.
3. International market analysis
At present, traditional chemical pulping methods are widely used all over the world, and the huge market consumption has brought a lot of energy consumption and environmental pollution. Despite the advanced technology in developed countries, the discharge of pulp wastewater per ton is controlled at 30 tons, and the discharge of COD is controlled at 30-50 kg. However, it is conservatively estimated that by 20 10, the total sewage discharge of the world paper industry will reach 33.2 billion tons. The biological pulping technology has low production cost, can be recycled in the production process, does not discharge any pollutants, and does not destroy plant fibers. The produced pulp products do not contain any toxic chemicals, and are completely environmentally friendly pulp, which has great competitive advantages in the international market and can be widely used in high value-added paper products such as food wrapping paper, advanced daily toilet paper, napkins, women's toilet paper and cigarette additives. The pollution of paper industry mainly occurs in the process of pulping production. At present, the traditional chemical pulping method is adopted, which produces a lot of sewage. China Paper Industry Annual Report 2004 shows that in 2003, the wastewater discharge of paper industry was 365,438+800 million tons, accounting for 18.4% of the wastewater discharge of key enterprises in China, and the chemical oxygen demand COD discharge was10.526 billion tons. It accounts for about 30% of the national industrial wastewater pollutant discharge, but no matter how advanced pollution control technology and equipment are adopted and how high the pollution control cost is, polluted sewage containing COD and BOD will be discharged more or less.
In order to completely solve the pollution in the paper industry, the only way is to change the traditional chemical pulping method.
Biological pulping is the application of "pulping technology combining biological decomposition (HYH7 black rot fungus) with mechanical processing, pulping technology combining biological bleaching with zero bleaching water phase, pulping technology combining biological decomposition (FYR6 soft rot fungus) with mechanical processing, and pulping technology combining biological decomposition (LYH9 brown rot fungus) with mechanical processing". The patented technology of pulp production combining biological decomposition (ZYB5 anaerobic white rot fungus) and mechanical processing can realize zero emission. The water in the whole pulping process is recycled, and there is no COD, BOD and suspended matter ss, because in the process of biological decomposition, fungi decompose lignin, starch, pectin, fructose and other substances in plant straw pulp, generating H2O and CO2, and then generating carbonic acid, further softening plant lignin, which is beneficial for fungi to decompose lignin. Not a drop of waste water has been discharged. The pulping water is recycled. Chemical pulping method is to dissolve lignin, starch, pectin, fructose and other substances in plant straws that are not used for pulping in caustic soda water, and then wash them with a lot of clean water and discharge them, causing serious environmental pollution. ) This has completely solved the pollution problem of the world paper industry and is a great contribution to human society.
Moreover, biological pulping is a big energy-saving project. Compared with traditional chemical pulping, it can save electricity by 66%, coal 100%, water by 99.8% and raw material plant resources by more than 50%. Therefore, the production cost of biological pulp is only 50% of that of chemical pulp.
Because the fungi in the biological pulping method do no harm to plant fibers, the wheat straw pulp produced by the biological pulping method has been tested by the National Paper Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (2004 12 No.2004-358 test report), and all the physical properties have reached and exceeded the national paper standard. It can be seen that straw pulp can completely replace wood pulp, and China is very rich.
To sum up, this pollution-free and zero-emission production technology is undoubtedly the international leading patented technology, which conforms to the national policy orientation:
1 is an environmental protection project: eliminating the pollution of the paper industry, purifying the country and benefiting future generations.
This is an energy-saving project: saving a lot of water, electricity and coal.
3. It is a poverty alleviation project: increasing the income of farmers nationwide and turning waste into treasure. In the past, farmers in many areas burned rice and wheat straw, which polluted the environment.
This is a foreign exchange saving project, not an import. The import of pulp consumes a lot of foreign exchange. Biological pulping can improve the quality of pulp, and straw pulp can be used instead of imported wood pulp.
5. Sustainable development of agriculture can be achieved: Grass resources are permanent and sustainable resources that can be recycled, and various plants such as straw, wheat straw, reed, bagasse, corn stalk, Chinese alpine rush, bamboo and fast-growing forest are all raw materials for biological pulping.
6. Increase the fiscal revenue of townships, towns, prefectures and cities.
7. Comparison table of indicators between biological pulping and conventional chemical pulping: biological pulping chemical pulping drainage 0.30t-600t/ton coal consumption 0kg/ ton pulp 3,000kg/ton pulp power consumption 400 degrees/ton pulp 1200 degrees/ton pulp personnel (salary 1500 yuan) 170 yuan/ton pulp 500 yuan/.
There are two traditional chemical pulping methods:
Alkaline method: lime method, caustic soda method, sulfate method and prehydrolysis sulfate method.
Sulfite method: acid sulfite method, bisulfite method, neutral or alkaline sulfite method.
The process flow of chemical pulping is as follows: material preparation > cooking (adding alkali or sulfite at the same time)->; Alkali recovery-> washing-> bleaching-> pulping-> papermaking-> finishing, etc., in the process of cooking, washing and bleaching, a large amount of wastewater is produced, which contains high concentration of degradable organic matter, suspended solids and thiol compounds and emits stench. Wastewater contains a lot of COD, BOD, chroma (black liquor), acid and alkali substances, toxic substances (rosin acid, unsaturated fatty acid, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl sulfide, chloroform produced by bleaching) and carcinogenic organic chlorides such as dioxins and furans.
The biological pulping method used in biological pulping technology adopts the pulping process combining biological decomposition and mechanical processing. The biological pulping process is as follows: raw materials do not need to be broken, and lignin and pectin fructose are softened by direct biological decomposition of fungi-> splitting and refining in mechanical processing-> secondary decomposition of lignin and pectin fructose is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by fungi->; Bacterial washing will further remove the residual lignin in the fiber and decompose it into carbon dioxide and water->; Fiber defibering and refining-> pulping-> screening pulp to separate coarse fiber and fine fiber for sand removal and purification->; Biological bleaching at room temperature-> bacterial washing will remove the residual impurities in the fiber and decompose them into carbon dioxide and water->; Pulp whiteness stabilization treatment->; Drying, packaging and leaving the factory.
All production processes are recycled, and no sewage is discharged; Plant lignin, pectin, fructose and resin are decomposed into CO2 and H2O by biological enzymes, so no organic compounds and suspended substances are produced. Completely clean production, no sewage treatment. All production processes do not need to be heated, decomposed and bleached at room temperature. (Chemical pulping requires high temperature 170℃ and pressure 12kg).
Taking listed companies as examples, Shan Ying Paper Company invested 55.57 million yuan to build a sewage treatment system in 2004, and Quanlin Group invested 55.57 million yuan to build a sewage discharge project 1996 in 2000. At present, Jin Dong Paper Co., Ltd., one of the largest papermaking enterprises in China, has invested 900 million yuan in environmental protection facilities in the past seven years. The average cost per ton of sewage treatment is about 2 yuan RMB. A straw pulp factory with an annual output of 654.38+10,000 tons needs at least 60 million yuan for sewage treatment every year.
Using biological pulping process does not produce any pollutants, which can save a lot of pollution control funds for the country and enterprises every year.
See the table below for the comparison of sewage discharge of various pulping methods:
The advanced chemical pulping technology is applied in developed countries. At present, chemical pulping is used to discharge sewage in China. Wood pulp (white) 0 10 220 (m3/ T) straw pulp (white) 0300 papermaking 0 24 60 recycled paper 2 1 80 COD wood pulp (white) 0 38 88 (kg/t) straw pulp (white) 0 135 papermaking 0 6 6.
Traditional straw pulp papermaking not only causes serious environmental pollution, but also consumes a lot of water, electricity, coal and other resources. At present, the production sewage of a few large paper-making enterprises in China is reused after treatment. Every time 1 ton of pulp is produced, about 10 ton of water is consumed in addition to the treated sewage. The cost of sewage treatment is expensive, and the profit is greatly reduced.
3. Reduce production costs
Because the biological pulping method adopts a brand-new production process, it can save a lot of energy and reduce consumption, and there is no pollutant discharge in the production process, which saves a lot of pollution control costs and the production cost is far lower than that of the traditional chemical pulping process. Taking straw pulp as an example, the cost per ton of straw pulp produced by biological pulping method is only 2,000 yuan, which is 57% of 3,500 yuan per ton produced by chemical pulping method.
4. Poverty alleviation project: increase farmers' income and realize sustainable agricultural development.
There are 592 poverty-stricken counties and tens of millions of poor people in China, all in rural areas. The biggest resources in these poor mountainous areas are grass and wood. Using these low-cost agricultural waste resources to produce high value-added pulp (products/raw materials = 9 times the added value of raw materials) will help farmers get rid of poverty quickly. It can be said that this is one of the fastest, most realistic, most feasible and most lasting ways to get rid of poverty and become rich.
In most rural areas of China, the treatment of rice and wheat straw has always been a difficult problem. Because it is of little use value, it is often burned by farmers, which will produce smoke pollution and even affect the take-off and landing of aircraft. The new biological pulping technology uses wheat straw, rice straw, reed, bagasse, bamboo and other crop straws as raw materials, which can increase farmers' income at least 100 yuan per mu of wheat field.
5. Reduce the state's foreign exchange expenditure, and replace wood pulp with straw pulp instead of imports.
The import of pulp and paper products has become the third largest foreign exchange consumer commodity in China, with an annual foreign exchange expenditure of more than $654.38+000 billion. The application of biological pulping method has improved the quality of straw pulp, and made the production of newsprint, writing paper, wrapping paper, copy paper and high-grade paper no longer depend on imported wood pulp, which not only saved foreign exchange, but also reduced the production cost of paper.
Step 6 increase taxes
Every time a biological pulp mill with an annual output of 654.38+100000 tons is built, it will pay an average of 7.87 million yuan to the finance every year in normal years after it is put into operation, which is considered as a large tax collector. Can save the small paper mill that has been sealed up and closed. Most of the small township paper mills that have been shut down are due to pollution. Now that the biological pulp mill provides pulp, it can resume production, arrange employment and create profits and taxes.