Can I apply for a patent without a patent agent qualification certificate?

No problem.

This is the same as going to court to defend yourself without obtaining the qualification of lawyer, except that there is no professional knowledge, the success rate is much lower than that of professionals, and the documents to be prepared and the procedures to be followed are very complicated, which is difficult for ordinary people to deal with. If you have no experience in this field, it is recommended to find an agency to apply.