innovation investment trend: investment evolution presents four stages, and investment is more inclined to renewable energy
technology determines the future of energy, and technology creates future energy. Energy technology innovation plays a decisive role in the global energy revolution and is the focus of scientific and technological innovation in various countries. From the recent 4 years of global energy technology research, development and demonstration (RD&: On the whole, the evolution of D) investment can be divided into four stages: < P > First, the long-term reduction stage. Governments of IEA member countries rd&; D The investment decreased continuously from 198 to 2, and the total investment in 2 was $11.1 billion, only 47% of that in 198.
the second is the recovery stage. After entering the 21st century, with the global energy and environmental problems becoming more and more prominent, major countries have generally increased the relevant investment. The total government investment budget of IEA member countries ushered in a rapid growth from 21 to 29, and in 29, it has climbed to $24.6 billion.
the third stage is the economic crisis. In the context of the global economic crisis, the priority of energy R&D investment in government expenditure has decreased, and major input countries, such as the United States, Japan and Brazil, have cut related expenditures in succession, resulting in a downward trend in the total global budget from 21 to 216.
the fourth is the zero-carbon target stage. At the end of 216, the Paris Agreement was formally implemented, and the long-term goal of achieving zero net emission in the second half of this century put forward by the agreement made the development of low-carbon energy technologies an urgent need for all countries in the world. Therefore, IEA member countries have generally improved the RD&; D budget.
figure 1 energy research, development and demonstration in IEA member countries (rd&; D) Total government budget (unit: millions of dollars), Source: IEA
The focus of global R&D investment in energy technology is also undergoing profound changes, among which, paying more attention to clean energy technology and developing clean energy technology more in the field of renewable energy are two prominent trends.
on the one hand, the rd&: The proportion of D showed an upward trend before the 199s, and then began to decrease, accounting for only 7% in 22, which was 13% lower than that in 199, reflecting that the priority of clean energy technology in the global energy research and development system has been improved.
on the other hand, the research and development trend in the field of clean energy technology has changed from focusing on nuclear energy to the coordinated development of nuclear energy and renewable energy. From the data point of view, in 1974, the IEA National Nuclear Energy RD&: D accounts for as much as 75%, and renewable energy RD&; The proportion of D is only 3%, but by 22, the proportion of nuclear energy will be greatly reduced to 21%, and the proportion of renewable energy will be increased to 2% (including hydrogen energy).
figure 2 energy research, development and demonstration in IEA member countries (rd&; D) the evolution trend of government investment (unit:%), source: IEA
Although the R&D investment in energy technology has shown an upward trend in recent years, the status of energy innovation in the global innovation pattern is still not high, and there is a large room for improvement. From the overall R&D structure of major countries in the world, the proportion of energy technology R&D investment in the total national R&D investment is relatively low. In 22, for example, it will be 1.2% in the United States, 2.2% in China, 3.7% in France and 1.4% in Germany. The industry distribution of venture capital also proves that the importance of energy innovation still needs to be greatly improved. Taking the venture capital of China and the United States in 22 as an example, we can find that the venture capital of energy industry received by China and the United States in that year was 438 million dollars and 1.98 billion dollars respectively, accounting for only .7% and 1.6% of the total venture capital received by the two countries in that year, while the proportion of IT industry in that year was as high as 4% and 41% respectively.
figure 3 RD& 22 major national energy technologies; D situation, data sources: IEA, NSF, National Bureau of Statistics, French National Institute of Economic Research and Statistics, German Federal Bureau of Statistics
Figure 4 Industry distribution of venture capital received by China and the United States in 22 (unit: millions of dollars), data source: NSF
Innovation output trend: renewable energy innovation output is growing rapidly, and photovoltaic is its main source
The growth of investment in energy technology innovation also makes new energy.