Difficulties are problems faced by many enterprises. In fact, there are many types of corporate loans that can be applied for, and different collateral needs to be provided. Today, we will introduce it. Everyone can choose freely according to their own needs.
1. enterprise credit loans
An enterprise refers to a bank loan obtained through the operation and credit of the enterprise without providing collateral. Like personal credit loans, this method is convenient and fast, but relatively speaking, the auditing conditions of banks are stricter, the daily average demand of banks for loan enterprises is higher, and the loan cycle is longer than that of corporate mortgage loans. The average loan term in enterprise credit loans is 1-3 years, and the loan interest rate rises by 20%-30% on the basis of the benchmark interest rate.
2. Tax-based credit loans
At present, many areas have products that apply for loans through taxation. The financial product encourages business owners to pay taxes according to law and obtain corresponding loans with tax credit rating. Moreover, the higher the tax credit, the lower the loan interest rate.
3. Enterprise mortgage loan
Mortgage loan is a common way for small enterprises to operate loans. Generally, you apply for a loan from the bank by mortgaging the property. Collateral is usually the real estate or factory building under the name of the enterprise, and the loan amount can generally reach about 70% of the real estate assessment value. The bank's loan approval process is relatively fast, and the general cycle is about one month. The loan term is 1-5 years, and the interest rate rises by about 20%-30%.
4. Commercial joint guarantee
Merchant's joint guarantee means that three individual industrial and commercial households or owners of sole proprietorship enterprises form a joint guarantee team, and they can apply for loans from banks without other guarantees. Under normal circumstances, the maximum loan amount for each merchant is temporarily 6,543,800 yuan (200,000 yuan in some areas), the loan period is 654.38+ 0-3 years, and the interest rate rises by about 20%-30%.
What are the channels for SME loans?
1. Upstream and downstream channels: Small enterprises can seek loan opportunities from the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. If you are a dealer of a well-known brand car, you can use the credit and guarantee of upstream manufacturers to obtain loans. If it is a material supplier of a leading enterprise, you can also use the order to go to the bank for order pledge.
2. Policies: At present, the state is vigorously supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, and has successively introduced many preferential policies. Small business bureau and industrial and commercial bureau usually have relatively complete bank credit information. Some departments will introduce enterprises to join a loan project combining bank and securities, and some will provide guarantees for small business loans by setting up guarantee institutions.
3. Financial institutions: Loan information can be obtained from various commercial institutions, such as development zone management committees, chambers of commerce, trade associations in development zones or science and technology parks. Some commercial institutions will also set up joint loan projects with banks, and commercial institutions will provide guarantees for their small business loans.
4. Local channels: If it is a member of a county-level industrial cluster or a local advantageous characteristic industry, enterprises can also apply for loan varieties such as joint guarantee loans by virtue of the advantages of related enterprises.
Extended data:
What are the loan methods for SMEs?
I. Comprehensive Credit Granting
In other words, for some enterprises with good operating conditions and reliable credit, a certain amount of credit line is given within a certain period of time, and enterprises can recycle the credit line within the validity period and scope. The comprehensive credit line shall be declared by the enterprise at one time and approved by the bank at one time. Enterprises can use the money by stages according to their own business conditions, which is very convenient for enterprises to borrow money and saves the loan cost. Banks provide loans in this way, generally for enterprises in industrial and commercial registration that have passed the annual inspection, are well-run, have a reliable reputation and have long-term cooperative relations with banks.
Second, the credit guarantee loan
In 3 1 provinces and cities, more than 100 cities have established credit guarantee institutions for SMEs. Most of these institutions implement the form of membership management, which belongs to public service, industry self-discipline and self-non-profit organizations. The sources of guarantee funds are generally composed of financial allocations from local governments, member funds voluntarily paid by members, funds raised by the society and funds from commercial banks. When a member enterprise lends money to a bank, it can be guaranteed by a small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee institution. In addition, SMEs can also seek guarantee services from guarantee companies specializing in intermediary services. When the enterprise cannot provide the guarantee measures acceptable to the bank, such as mortgage, pledge or third-party credit guarantor, the guarantee company can solve these problems. Because compared with banks, guarantee companies have more flexible requirements for collateral. Of course, in order to protect their own interests, guarantee companies often require enterprises to provide counter-guarantee measures, and sometimes guarantee companies will send personnel to enterprises to monitor the flow of funds.
Third, the project development loan
Some high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises can apply for project development loans from banks if they have major scientific and technological achievements transformation projects. The initial investment is relatively large and their own funds are unbearable. Commercial banks will give active credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises with high-tech products or patent projects with mature technology and good market prospects, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises that use high-tech achievements to carry out technological transformation, so as to promote enterprises to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. For high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises that have established stable project development relations with universities and scientific research institutions or have their own research departments, banks can provide project development loans in addition to working capital loans.
Four, natural person secured loans
Natural person guarantee can take three ways: mortgage, pledge of rights and mortgage plus guarantee. Property that can be mortgaged includes personal property, land use right and means of transportation. Personal property that can be pledged includes savings deposit certificates, voucher-type government bonds and registered financial bonds. Mortgage plus guarantee refers to the joint liability guarantee of the mortgagor on the basis of property mortgage. If the borrower fails to repay all the principal and interest of the loan on schedule or commits other breach of contract, the bank will require the guarantor to fulfill the guarantee obligation.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) personal entrusted loan
Commercial banks such as China Construction Bank, Minsheng Bank and CITIC Industrial Bank have successively launched a new loan business-personal entrusted loan. That is, a loan that is entrusted by an individual to provide funds and issued, supervised, used and assisted by a commercial bank according to the loan object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate determined by the client. The basic procedures for handling personal entrusted loans are:
The client applied for a loan from the bank.
Banks choose and match according to the conditions and requirements of both parties, and recommend them to customers and borrowers respectively.
The client meets the borrower directly to negotiate and make a decision on the loan amount, interest rate, loan term, repayment method and other specific matters and details.
After negotiating the requirements, the borrower and lender go to the bank together and sign the entrustment agreement with the bank respectively.
The bank investigates the borrower's credit status and repayment ability and issues an investigation report, and then the borrower and the borrower sign a loan contract and issue the loan after approval by the bank.
Intransitive verb discount bill loan
Bill discount loan refers to the transfer of commercial bills to banks by bill holders, after deducting discount interest. In China, commercial paper mainly refers to bank acceptance bills and commercial acceptance bills. One advantage of this loan method is that banks do not lend money according to the asset size of enterprises, but according to market conditions (sales contracts). When an enterprise receives a bill, it usually takes as little as tens of days and as much as 300 days until the bill is cashed, during which time the funds are idle. If enterprises can make full use of bill discount, it is much simpler than applying for a loan, and the loan cost is very low. Discounting bills can only be done in the bank with the corresponding bills, which can generally be completed within three working days. For enterprises, this is "using tomorrow's money to earn the money the day after tomorrow", which is worthy of extensive and active use by small and medium-sized enterprises.
Seven, pawn loans
Pawn is a kind of loan method that takes real objects as collateral and obtains temporary loans in the form of real object ownership transfer. Compared with bank loans, pawn loans have high cost and small loan scale, but pawn also has incomparable advantages over bank loans. First of all, compared with the bank's almost harsh requirements for the borrower's credit conditions, the pawnshop's credit requirements for customers are almost zero, and the pawnshop only pays attention to whether the pawned items are genuine. Moreover, general commercial banks only pledge real estate, while pawn shops can pledge both movable property and real estate. In fact, in addition to pawn shops, small loan service agencies, guarantee companies, companies and other institutions are also developing vehicle mortgage loans.
Eight. intellectual property
Intellectual property refers to the fact that small and medium-sized enterprises apply for financing from banks after evaluation with the legally owned patent rights, trademark rights and property rights in copyright. Due to the particularity of the implementation and realization of intellectual property rights such as patent rights, only a few banks provide financing facilities for some small and medium-sized enterprises, and generally need the legal representative of the enterprise to take out insurance. Nevertheless, those excellent SMEs with independent intellectual property rights can still try.
What are the types of corporate loans?
Types of corporate loans:
First, according to the classification of loan management attributes
1, self-operated loan. Refers to the loan independently issued by the lender with funds raised by legal means, with the risks borne by the lender and the principal and interest recovered by the lender.
2. Entrusted loans. Refers to loans provided by government departments, enterprises, institutions, individuals and other principals, and issued, supervised and recovered by the lender (i.e. the trustee) according to the loan object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate determined by the principal. The lender (trustee) only charges the handling fee and does not bear the loan risk.
3. Specific loans. Refers to the loans granted by a wholly state-owned commercial bank with the approval of the State Council and after taking corresponding remedial measures for the losses that may be caused by the loans.
Second, according to the loan term.
1. Short-term loan. Refers to the loan with a loan term of 1 year (inclusive).
2. Medium and long-term loans. Medium-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than 1 year (excluding 1 year) and less than 5 years (including 5 years).
Long-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than 5 years (excluding 5 years). RMB medium and long-term loans include fixed assets loans and special loans.
Extended data:
Enterprise loans are mainly used for large-scale long-term investments such as the purchase and construction of fixed assets and technical transformation. At present, enterprise loans can be divided into: working capital loans, fixed assets loans, credit loans, secured loans, stocks, foreign exchange,
Enterprise certificates of deposit, gold, syndicated loans, bank acceptance bills, discount of bank acceptance bills, discount of commercial acceptance bills, discount of interest-bearing bills by buyers or agreements, domestic recourse factoring, and loan custody of export tax rebate accounts.
Fixed assets loans refer to medium and long-term loans issued by banks to borrowers for investment in fixed assets projects.
According to the purpose of the loan, it is divided into capital construction loans and technical transformation loans:
1. Capital construction loan: refers to the medium and long-term loan approved by the competent department for capital construction projects. A capital construction project refers to the sum of one or several single projects according to the overall design, including new projects, expansion projects, factory relocation projects, restoration and reconstruction projects, etc.
2. Technical transformation loan: refers to the medium and long-term loan approved by the competent department for technical transformation projects. Technical transformation project refers to the renewal and transformation project that adopts new technologies, new equipment, new processes and new materials to popularize and apply scientific and technological achievements on the basis of the original production and operation of enterprises.
Credit loan:
Credit loan refers to a loan issued by a bank with the borrower's reputation, and the borrower does not need to provide guarantee.
According to the loan term, it is divided into short-term loans, medium-term loans and long-term loans.
1. Short-term loan: refers to the loan with a loan term of 1 year (inclusive).
2. Medium-term loan: refers to the loan with a loan term of 1 year (excluding) to 5 years (including).
3. Long-term loans: refers to loans with a loan term of more than 5 years (excluding 5 years).