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A brief analysis of the development status of CNC machine tools
Abstract of thesis: As a student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, I will work and study in the future The majors will be mechanical, so you must master various mechanical professional knowledge. Starting from this semester, you will begin to take basic courses in mechanical majors. I will take the study of professional courses seriously and improve my professional quality. Next, I will introduce my understanding of the development history of CNC machine tools.
Keywords: CNC machine tool development
In the mid-20th century, with the development of electronic technology, the emergence of automatic information processing, data processing and electronic computers brought new innovations to automation technology. The concept of using digital signals to control the movement of machine tools and their processing processes has promoted the development of machine tool automation.
The use of digital technology for machining was first implemented in the early 1940s by Parsons Corporation, a small aircraft industry contractor in North Mytkin, USA. When they were manufacturing the frame of the aircraft and the rotating wings of the helicopter, they used a fully digital computer to process data on the wing processing path, and took into account the impact of the tool diameter on the processing route, so that the processing accuracy reached ±0.0381mm (± 0.0015in), reaching the highest level at that time.
In 1952, MIT installed an experimental CNC system on a vertical milling machine and successfully controlled the movement of three axes simultaneously. This CNC machine tool is called the first CNC machine tool in the world.
This machine tool was an experimental machine tool. In November 1954, based on the Parsons patent, the first industrial CNC machine tool was manufactured by the American Bendix Company (Bendix- Cooperation) was officially produced.
After that, starting from 1960, some other industrial countries, such as Germany and Japan, successively developed, produced and used CNC machine tools.
Among CNC machine tools, CNC milling machines first appeared and were used, because CNC machine tools can solve curved or curved surface parts that require contour processing that are difficult for ordinary machine tools to handle.
However, because the CNC system at that time used electronic tubes, which were bulky and had high power consumption, they were not widely used in other industries except for use in the military sector.
After 1960, point control CNC machine tools developed rapidly. Because the point control CNC system is much simpler than the contour control CNC system. Therefore, CNC milling machines, punch machines, and coordinate boring machines have developed in large quantities. According to statistics, of the approximately 6,000 CNC machine tools actually in use by 1966, 85% were point-controlled machine tools.
In the development of CNC machine tools, it is worth mentioning the machining center. This is a CNC machine tool with an automatic tool changer, which can process the workpiece in multiple processes at one time. This product was first developed by Keaney & Trecker Corp. in the United States in March 1959. This kind of machine tool is equipped with taps, drills, reamers, milling cutters and other tools in the tool magazine. It automatically selects the tools according to the instructions of the punching tape, and installs the tools on the spindle through the manipulator to process the workpiece. It reduces the time it takes to load and unload parts on the machine and to change tools. Machining centers have now become a very important type of CNC machine tools. They include not only vertical and horizontal boring and milling machining centers for processing box parts, but also turning centers and grinding centers for processing rotary integral parts. wait.
In 1967, the United Kingdom first connected several CNC machine tools into a flexible processing system. This is the so-called Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS). After that, the United States, Europe, Japan, etc. also successively developed and applications. After 1974, with the rapid development of microelectronics technology, microprocessors were directly used in CNC machine tools, which strengthened the software functions of CNC and developed into computer numerical control machine tools (referred to as CNC machine tools), further promoting the popularization and application of CNC machine tools. and vigorous development.
In the 1980s, a flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) with 1 to 4 machining centers or turning centers as the main body and equipped with automatic workpiece loading and unloading and monitoring and inspection devices appeared in the world. This kind of unit has low investment and quick results. It can be run alone for a long time without supervision, or it can be integrated into FMS or higher-level integrated manufacturing systems.
At present, FMS has also expanded from cutting processing to plate cold working, welding, assembly and other fields, and developed from small and medium batch processing to large batch processing.
Therefore, machine tool CNC technology is considered to be the basic technology of modern mechanical automation.
So what is a lathe? According to the data, the so-called lathe is a machine tool that mainly uses turning tools to turn rotating workpieces. Drills, reamers, reamers, taps, die and knurling tools can also be used on lathes for corresponding processing. Lathes are mainly used to process shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with rotating surfaces. They are the most widely used type of machine tools in machinery manufacturing and repair factories.
The ancient lathe was pulled by hand or pedal, rotating the workpiece through a rope, and cutting by holding a tool. In 1797, the British mechanical inventor Maudsley created the invention.
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