It consists of a mask and a canister (or filter element). The mask includes a mask body, an eye window, a microphone, a breathing valve and a headband (or helmet). The carbon canister is used for purifying toxic gases, and comprises a carbon canister and an adsorbent. These two materials can also be mixed to make filter plates and assembled into filter elements.
Lighter (about 200 grams) canisters or filter elements can be directly connected to the mask, while heavier canisters are connected to the mask through air ducts.
2. Isolated type
The mask itself provides oxygen, which is divided into three types: gas storage type, oxygen storage type and biochemical oxygen type. Isolated masks are mainly used in high-concentration polluted air (when the volume concentration is greater than 1%), or in special occasions such as high altitude, underwater or oxygen-deficient closed cabins.
In addition to the above two kinds of gas masks, many countries are also equipped with various special gas masks. It is formed by replacing the adsorbent in the canister or improving the local structure on the basis of the filter gas mask.
Modern gas masks can effectively defend against poisons, biological warfare agents and radioactive dust that may appear on the battlefield. Part of its weight has been reduced to about 0.6 kg, which can be worn for more than 8 hours. After wearing a gas mask, it is convenient to use optical, communication equipment and weapons and equipment.
Extended data
16 19 years, the beak gas mask appeared for the first time in history, which was invented by a French doctor named Charles de Lorme. In those years when the plague raged, doctors used this mask for treatment. The hollow part of this mask (bird's beak) is usually added with some substances that can emit fragrance, such as storax, mint or dried rose petals.
It is used to isolate the smell of plague patients or corpses. They believe that these beautiful smells can drive away evil spirits and pray for peace. Bird-billed masks often appear as villains in film and television dramas. The beak mask was later introduced to Italy and became the representative costume of Botha Carnival.
1823, gas masks began to be used for fire fighting. Brothers John and Charles Dean assembled a patent for a smoke protection device for firefighters, which was later converted into an underwater diver. This kind of mask has a simple structure, using only a metal helmet and hose.
1868, Tindal, a famous British physicist, cooperated with British firefighters to develop a filter mask for filtering particles in the air. It uses three layers of dense cotton cloth, and each two layers are separated by layers of lime, charcoal and wool soaked with glycerol. This device can not only isolate smoke, but also filter toxic gases.
1874, contemporary gas masks gradually took shape. Samuel Barton, a British inventor, invented a device with glass goggles and rubber protection measures, allowing breathing in places where the atmosphere is full of toxic gases or steam, smoke or other impurities.
1902, duckbill gas masks became popular, and carbon-based filters were added to this gas mask.
19 15, during the first world war, in order to reverse the unfavorable battlefield situation, Germany used the wind direction to spray chlorine fog on the positions assembled by the British and French Coalition forces, resulting in about15,000 deaths. This is the first large-scale gas war in the world military history.
Later, different types of gas warfare and gas masks appeared in the battlefields of various countries, with different styles. Some countries have also invented gas masks for military dogs and homing pigeons. At this stage, in order to cope with different gas wars, gas masks developed rapidly. After the war, on the basis of summing up chemical warfare, countries strengthened their research and development plans for gas masks.
19 16, French soldiers wear gas masks. (French National Library/Map)
19 18, a German supply force, horses and riders are equipped with gas masks.
19 19, American soldiers tried on gas masks. Poisonous gas was first used in the military on the western front of World War I.
In the late 1930s, the former Soviet Union invented a gas mask consisting of a protective cover, which can cover most of the head. Later, the protective cap gas mask was replaced by a gray rubber gas mask, covering the face. This gray rubber face has ordinary glass lenses, an inhalation valve and an exhalation valve, and a large box-shaped canister is connected to the mask through an airway.
This model is P Ⅲ-4 (GP-5 gas mask, 1970 produced in the former Soviet Union, with the most classic appearance, and this model imitates the pig face gas mask in Germany in 1930s and 40s); 1937, Britain designed gas masks for babies under two years old. During World War II, in order to reduce children's fear of war, the government also made masks look like Mickey Mouse.
After the 1980s, represented by western developed countries such as the United States, Britain and Italy, relying on advanced science and technology, according to the requirements of gas masks under modern war conditions, a number of new gas masks were developed and gradually equipped with troops, and the gas masks were upgraded.
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