Let's start with the first question. With the rapid development of high technology, the development of high-tech industries has rapidly affected human life and production mode, and has become an important force to promote economic growth. In the development of high-tech industries, technological innovation is not only the main driving force, but also the leading factor in the development of high-tech industries. Specific performance in the following aspects:
First, the original innovation has increasingly promoted the development of high-tech industries, and the combination of science and technology is closer. The basic research of science is almost synchronous with the development of high technology, and the achievements of original innovation directly promote the development of high-tech industries. For example, achievements such as human genome and nano-materials have been patented rapidly in the process of intermediate achievements, and some have been industrialized.
Second, with the cross-integration of science and technology, the development of high-tech industries relies more on innovation, and the major breakthrough of cutting-edge technologies presents the characteristics of group breakthrough, which is embodied in the cross-integration of disciplines and the competitive rise of new technology groups and corresponding industrial groups. Therefore, integrated innovation based on single technology has become an important trend in the development of high-tech industries. For example, bioinformatics technology is a new technology produced by the cross-integration of IT and biotechnology. According to experts' estimation, its application can reduce the cost of drug development by 30% and accelerate the development process in two years. At the same time, bioinformatics technology will have a great impact on food, health, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and information industry.
Third, the continuous penetration of high-tech into traditional industries has become a key factor to promote and lead the development of high-tech industries. High-tech and industrial development are conducive to improving the development level of traditional industries and accelerating the high-tech development of traditional industries. It is mainly reflected in promoting the high added value of traditional industries, developing new varieties and emerging industries of traditional industries with high technology, and promoting the modernization of traditional industrial equipment. According to analysis, in recent years, the contribution rate of IT industry to American economy has exceeded 35%, and 1999 IT has increased the labor productivity of American manufacturing industry by 6.4%.
Fourth, intellectual property rights and technical standards have become the strategic commanding heights for the development of high-tech industries. Compared with traditional industries, the economic benefits of high-tech industries depend more on technological innovation and intellectual property rights. Technical standards have gradually become the highest embodiment of pursuing patented technology, and often lead the production of products. For example, before the application of the Internet, there was an IP protocol, and before the commercialization of high-definition color TVs and third-generation mobile communications, the battle for related standards was in full swing.
Let's talk about the second question first. Based on science and technology, our high-tech industry is developing vigorously. With the great attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and with the joint efforts of relevant departments and localities, China's high-tech industries rely on scientific and technological innovation to accelerate the industrialization of high-tech achievements, showing a good development trend. Scientific and technological work has also taken a series of measures to meet the challenges brought by China's accession to the WTO and promote the development of high-tech industries. First, put forward and implement three strategies of talent patents and standards to improve innovation ability and international competitiveness. Second, the organization and implementation of 12 major projects, plus integration and catalytic industries; The third is to strengthen the construction of industrial bases and accelerate the integration of the achievements of the 863 Program. Fourth, implement the torch plan and speed up the industrialization, commercialization and proceduralization of high and new technologies. Scientific and technological innovation has provided a powerful impetus for the development of China's scientific and technological industries, and greatly promoted the rapid development of high-tech industries. Mainly in the following aspects, the first is the rapid expansion of the scale of high-tech industries and the optimization of China's industrial structure. The total output value of high-tech industries in China increased from 654.38+600 billion yuan in196 to 2750 billion yuan in 2003, with an average annual increase of about 20%, and the total output value of high-tech industries reached 2 1.4%, an increase of 10% compared with196. The export of high-tech products increased to1/kloc-0.03 billion USD in 2003, accounting for 25. 1% of the national foreign trade export. Second, the competitiveness of high-tech industries in China has been enhanced, mainly by mastering a number of key core technologies, and new technologies represented by Loongson have made important breakthroughs. The CDMA standard proposed by Datang Telecom has become one of the three major telecom standards in the world, which makes China have the technical industry standard. Some well-known technology enterprises have emerged, such as Lenovo and Founder, and communication enterprises. According to the statistics of the National High-tech Zone, there are less than 7 enterprises with a 10 billion yuan, and the number has increased to 1539. China's electronic information industry has become a pillar industry of the national economy. In 2003, the sales revenue of the whole industry reached 1.88 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 34%.
Third, the speed of product renewal is accelerated, and the development of new products has achieved remarkable results. In 2002, China's high-tech industries developed10.20 million new product projects, and the investment in new product development was10.67 billion yuan, an increase of 25.6%. High-tech industries achieved sales revenue of new products of 34 16 billion, an increase of 88.8% over the previous year. The revenue from new products accounts for 23.4% of the total sales revenue, which is the average level of manufacturing industry.
Fourth, high-tech zones have become an important force in the development of high-tech industries in China. In 2003, 53 national high-tech industrial development zones achieved a total industrial output value of 654.38+07 billion yuan and an industrial added value of 427 billion yuan respectively, an increase of more than 30% over the previous year, which was 6.5438+07 percentage points higher than the growth rate of industrial enterprises and industrial added value in China, and foreign exchange earned by exports was 57 billion US dollars, an increase of 73% over the same period of last year. At present, the high-tech industries and output value realized by national high-tech development zones have accounted for more than 50% of the country. At the same time, the development of China's high-tech industry is under the background of economic globalization and a new round of industrial restructuring in developed countries, and it faces severe challenges such as weak scientific and technological innovation ability and weak competitiveness. These challenges include: first, the independent innovation ability of high-tech industries is not strong, and the dominant position of enterprises needs to be strengthened urgently. In 2002, 72.3% of China's invention patents were granted outside China, most of which were concentrated in high-tech industries. In the export of high-tech products in China, the export volume of foreign enterprises accounts for 82%, occupying a dominant position. The weak R&D capability and insufficient investment of enterprises are still outstanding problems in China's high-tech development. The average R&D investment of the top 100 electronic information enterprises in China accounts for 33.6%, which is far lower than that of similar enterprises in developed countries.
Second, high-tech products have low added value and lack of key technologies. According to the survey, in some high-tech fields, China enterprises have mastered less than half of the key technologies. Due to the lack of key technologies in high-tech industries, there are few products with independent intellectual property rights and low added value. The added value of high-tech industries in developed countries generally accounts for more than 30% of the total output value, while the added value of high-tech industries in China only accounted for 25% of the total output value in 2002.
Third, high-tech industries are facing increasingly serious intellectual property barriers. According to relevant data, in the high-tech field, the United States and Japan own about 90% of the global patents, while other countries including China only account for 10%. In 2002, the export enterprises of mechanical and electrical products in China lost nearly 20 billion yuan due to patent compensation. In 2002, 7 1% enterprises in China were affected by technical barriers.
Fourthly, the high-tech industrialization chain is not perfect, and R&D industrialization is the key link in innovation chain. Because there is no effective mechanism, technology inventors, investors and government departments can't form linkage, resulting in the phenomenon that investment in high-tech industries is not in place, policies are not implemented, patents are implemented less and production scale is small. These are the achievements and severe challenges of China's high-tech development.
My last question is to strengthen independent innovation and improve the international competitiveness of high-tech industries in China. 265438+the first 20 years of the 20th century is an important opportunity period for China's economic and technological development, and also a crucial period for China's high-tech industry development. To fundamentally solve the problem of high-tech industry changing from quality to efficiency and from investment-driven to independent innovation, we must take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide and vigorously develop the development of high-tech industry in China. First of all, adhere to enterprises as the main body of technological innovation, strengthen the leading role of enterprises in promoting high-tech industrialization, and reorganize production factors by technological innovation enterprises. The 200-year history of modern science and technology development shows that almost all major technological innovation breakthroughs and industrialization are completed by enterprises. So far, the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body has become a remarkable feature of developed countries and newly industrialized countries. In these systems, most scientists and engineers' R&D activities come from enterprises. For example, 8% of scientists come from enterprises and their funds come from enterprises. Japan, Germany and South Korea all spent more than 70%, while China spent 72.2% of its funds in 2002, so the proportion of researchers is even smaller than this. Therefore, the development of high-tech industries in China must take enterprises as the innovation theme, take the market as the guidance, guide enterprises to increase investment in scientific research and development, and at the same time promote mergers and acquisitions among enterprises through the market, promote the development and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, continuously form industrial clusters with industrial support, and accelerate the industrialization of high-tech achievements. Second, strengthen the integration of Industry-University-Research and constantly improve the high-tech industrial chain. The end point of innovation is the return of the market. If the innovation goal cannot be achieved without production, then a complete innovation chain should include three links: research, development and industrialization. Strengthening Industry-University-Research's cooperation is a means to improve technological innovation ability and realize industrialization, and it is also a model to establish and improve industrialization. Especially in the market innovation activities, we should persist in organizing Industry-University-Research's joint innovation with enterprises as the core. By formulating policies and regulations, we can make full use of government resources and promote cooperation in Industry-University-Research. At the same time, attract financial institutions to participate, give full play to their respective advantages, improve the innovation and industrialization chain, form technological breakthroughs at the fastest speed, and realize industrialization. The key point here is to persist in taking enterprises as the core and organize joint innovation in Industry-University-Research. In the past, the mode that we used to focus on scientific research units should be transformed into the combination of Industry-University-Research with enterprises as the main body and core.
Third, deepen the implementation of the intellectual property strategy with standards and patents as the core. The innovation ability of international standard system will not only affect the national interest pattern and competitiveness in the global economy. Accelerate the formulation of national technical standards policies, realize the technical standards system with independent intellectual property rights as soon as possible, and at the same time enhance the ability to own independent intellectual property rights and core technologies. By formulating policies, enterprises are encouraged to independently develop high-tech products with independent intellectual property rights, and the international competitiveness of high-tech enterprises and products in China is improved.
Fourth, continue to implement major scientific and technological projects, integrate resources and achieve key breakthroughs. The state will continue to carry out original innovation, implement a number of major scientific and technological projects aimed at technology integration and innovation, and develop new products and establish new industries from the needs of social economy and national development. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of localities, departments and enterprises, and make rational use of resources. Concentrate on major events, strive to make major breakthroughs in the field of science and technology, realize industrialization, and provide strong competition for national economic development.
Fifth, promote the "second venture" of high-tech zones and strengthen the construction of high-tech industrialization bases. Fifty-three national high-tech industrial development zones have maintained a rapid development momentum for more than ten years and become an important force in the development of high-tech industries and regional economy in China. Facing the rapid development of high-tech industries, the Ministry of Science and Technology put forward the slogan of the second venture of national high-tech zones, which is actually based on real establishment and independent innovation. By further optimizing the soft and hard environment of the high-tech zone, we can improve the environment of the high-tech zone and make it serve independently.
Sixth, create an environment, expand exchanges and cooperation, and promote the leap-forward development of high-tech industries. The government must take practical measures to create a good environment for the development of high-tech industries. First, establish and improve investment policies, tax policies and financial policies to promote the development of high-tech industries, encourage the development of venture capital, and form an effective mechanism for mutually beneficial interaction between technology and capital. Second, adhere to the people-oriented principle and improve the personnel training and incentive mechanism in high-tech industries. Third, strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation, make full use of two resources and two markets, and improve the starting point, level and efficiency of technological innovation in China. At the same time, it is necessary to change the situation that industrial development relies too much on foreign technology, strengthen digestion and innovation, improve the ability of independent innovation and realize the leap-forward development of high and new technology on the basis of attaching importance to the introduction of science and technology and intelligence.
At present, we are making a national medium-and long-term scientific and technological development plan, which will not only define the overall strategy, guiding ideology and objectives of China's scientific and technological development in the next 15 years, but also determine the thinking and direction of China's high-tech industry development. I believe that the future development of high-tech industries in China will be guided by the concept of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, further strengthen the main body of enterprises, take the market as the guide, take technological innovation as the breakthrough, constantly improve the innovation mechanism, optimize the allocation of resources, strengthen the combination of Industry-University-Research, effectively improve the ability of independent innovation, and vigorously promote high-tech industrialization. Improve the international competitiveness of the industry and contribute to the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.