The implementation of a construction project is a complex systematic project, which has its own inherent objective laws and must be implemented with appropriate management models and methods. This is because: the continuous development of science, technology and construction undertakings; the scale of construction projects is getting larger and more technical and systematic; the complexity of projects is getting higher and higher; the professionalization, scientificity, and The requirements for market-oriented management are becoming more and more urgent. In order to meet the needs of this objective law, a construction project is generally divided into four stages internationally. The first stage is called the concept stage, which is the opportunity research, feasibility study, evaluation, decision-making, and project establishment stages of the project. The second stage is called the project definition stage, which is the stage from project implementation planning to signing the contract. The third stage is called the project execution stage, which is the stage from the execution of the contract to the completion and delivery of the project. The fourth stage is called the closing stage, which is the completion and finalization stage of the project. The owner of a construction project generally does not directly manage the project construction, but entrusts a specialized engineering company or project management company to carry out project management contracting (PMC) for several stages of work. The project management contractor then selects the best through bidding on behalf of the owner. Or several (large-scale project) engineering companies perform general contracting and construction (EPC) for the third and fourth phases of the project (design, procurement, and construction). General engineering contracting and project management contracting are common models for organizing project construction internationally. The following is a comparative analysis: 1. The basic contents of project management contracting (PMC) are: · Project opportunity research in the project concept stage, feasibility study, and participation in project evaluation Provide various other services for project decision-making and establishment. Project definition stage: Prepare project construction implementation plan to assist the owner to complete the relevant approval work of the government department, determine the technical definition and design basis, and conduct resource evaluation (technology, manpower, funds, materials) ) Conduct risk analysis and formulate management strategies Assist owners in selecting patented technologies Review process package design documents provided by patent vendors Complete project overall design (when needed) Complete device basic design (when needed) Complete project preliminary design (when needed) Review equipment and materials Propose the list of suppliers, propose the standards, norms and regulations that the project will uniformly follow, provide project financing solutions, assist the owner to complete the financing work, formulate subcontracting strategies, prepare EPC bidding documents, conduct pre-qualification of EPC bidders, complete bidding and bid evaluation, assist the owner with The engineering company conducts contract negotiation and signing. Project implementation stage: prepares and publishes unified project regulations, conducts comprehensive management of the EPC general contractor, cooperates with the owner in production preparations, participates in test runs, organizes device performance assessment and acceptance, and hands over all project documents and materials to the owner. Project closure Stage: Assist the owner to deal with the remaining issues and provide relevant services for the end of the project. 2. Engineering project management is generally achieved through the project management contractor (PMC) and the integrated project management team (IPMT). Project management organizations generally have three situations: · An engineering company or project management company acts independently as the project management contractor (PMC), and the owner does not directly participate in project management; · A project is jointly formed by more than one engineering company or project management company Management contractor (PMC), the owner does not directly participate in project management; One or more engineering companies or project management companies and the owner jointly form an integrated project management team (IPMT), IPMT is responsible for completing basic design, project definition, and arrangements EPC, EPC, EPC and other contract design and bidding, responsible for managing contractors. 3. The basic contents of engineering general contracting (EPC) are: preliminary design (when necessary) detailed design, equipment and material procurement, construction and installation, start-up guidance, etc., and fixed-price general contracting is implemented through bidding. 4. The ability of owners, project management contractors (PMC) and engineering general contractors (EPC) to discover and solve problems during project execution, as shown in the figure below: 5. The main characteristics of international engineering companies·Have human and material resources resources and rich engineering experience to provide full-process services for the project, able to complete the construction of the project with high level, high quality, high efficiency and low cost, and meet the needs of the owners to the greatest extent. ·The general contracting and project management functions of engineering projects are complete, and the organizational management structure is scientific, capable and efficient.
·With six major controls (quality, schedule, cost, materials, documents, risks) as the main content, we adopt internationally advanced models and advanced means to implement scientific management of projects. ·Specialization, intensification and scale, cross-industry and transnational operations. The property rights structure is diversified, the marketing strategy is globalized, the technical equipment is modernized, the project management is scientific, and the low-level operations are localized. ·Have strong financing capabilities, or be backed by financial institutions. ·Possess patented technology, or have a close cooperative relationship with patentees, which can reflect the advanced technological level of the contemporary world. 6. The basic model usually adopted by international engineering companies: the internationally popular investment and operation method (operation model), the project operation strategy that satisfies the owners (operation model), the capable, efficient and reasonable organizational management structure (organization model), the commonly used bidding, Bidding procedures (bidding model) scientific project management (project management model) promotion and application of FIDIC model (FIDIC model) 7. Similarities and differences between engineering companies and project management companies: ·The similarities provide the owner with the entire process of engineering construction services. It has a scientific and complete project management system, has accumulated project management professionals that are suitable for its business scope, has rich project management experience, masters advanced engineering project management technology, and has financing functions. 1. The main business is engineering consulting services. The nature of project contracting 2. The contract with the owner is a consulting service agreement The contract with the owner is a project contract and organization and implementation 5. The business scope focuses on the management of the early stage of the project, the project definition stage and the project implementation stage. The business scope focuses on the project implementation stage 6. Mainly undertakes project management services. Mainly undertakes project contracting and also undertakes project management services. 7. Does not emphasize perfection. The design function emphasizes the perfect design function 8. The general number of people and the scale are small. The general number and the scale are large 9. Generally do not have the general project contracting function. 10. The main advantages of implementing the general project contracting and project management contracting :·It is conducive to giving full play to the leading role of design in the construction process, so that the overall plan of the engineering project can be continuously optimized. ·It is helpful to overcome the mutual constraints and disconnection between design, procurement and construction, so that the work of design, procurement and construction can be reasonably intertwined to ensure the progress and quality of the project. ·This kind of professional engineering company and project management company has the institutions, functions, experience, advanced technology, management methods and human resources suitable for project management and general engineering contracting. It is responsible for the early planning and project definition of construction projects, and for the project The entire construction process including implementation progress, cost, quality, resources, finance, risk, and safety is subject to dynamic, quantitative management and effective control, which is conducive to achieving the best investment returns and achieving the goals expected by the owners.
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