Who invented the steam shovel?

It is not true that the first steam engine was invented and manufactured by a Scottish blacksmith named Newkman in 175! ! ! Of course, it's not Watt and other modern people. The first steam engine in the world was invented by Herod of Alexandria in ancient Greece in the 1st century, but it was just a toy. The world's first practical steam water pump made in savery won a British patent entitled "Friends of Miners" in 1698. He filled an egg-shaped container with steam first, then closed the steam inlet valve and sprayed cold water outside the container to condense the steam in the container to form a vacuum. Open the water inlet valve, and the water at the bottom of the mine is sucked into the container through the water inlet pipe under the action of atmospheric pressure; Close the water inlet valve, reopen the steam inlet valve, and press the water in the container out through the drain valve by steam pressure. When the water in the container is drained and filled with steam, close the steam inlet valve and drain valve, and spray water again to condense the steam. Repeatedly circulating in this way, two egg-shaped containers work alternately, which can continuously drain water. In 1764, British instrument repairman james watt noticed this shortcoming when repairing the Newcomen steam engine model for Glasgow University. In 1765, he invented a steam engine with a condenser separated from the cylinder wall, and obtained a British patent in 1769. In the early days, Watt's steam engine still used the balance lever and pull rod mechanism to drive the water pump. In order to remove condensate and air from the condenser, Watt installed an air pump. He also installed an interlayer on the outer wall of the cylinder and heated the cylinder wall with steam to reduce condensation loss. Around 1782, Watt further improved the machine and completed two important inventions: in the middle of the piston's working stroke, the steam inlet valve was closed to make the steam expand to do work to improve the thermal efficiency; Make the steam work on both sides of the piston (double-acting type) to improve the output power. At this time, the piston has to pull the lever down and push it up, and the sector balance lever and zipper are no longer applicable, so Watt invented the parallelogram mechanism. Watt also used crank-connecting rod mechanism in steam engines at the end of 18th century. The middle school history textbook explains Watt's steam engine, which led the leap of the industrial revolution. Answer: February 2, 29 at 18: 53, the questioner's evaluation of the answer: *** comments ... other answers ***3 comments ┆ Report lyw3182179 [Prophet] Watt invented the steam engine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Answer: 29-2-2 18: 51 * * comments ... comments ┆ Report that the ground missile unit [senior] was not Watt, but Watt was an improved steam engine = = = = = = = = = The first steam engine was invented and manufactured by French physicist Deneys Papan in 1688 with a cylinder and a piston. Watt is the inventor of the improved steam engine. Have you ever heard of the "kettle story"? According to the story, when Watt was young, he saw the water boiling in the pot on the stove. The steam lifted the lid of the pot, and Watt was inspired by it. When he grew up, he invented the steam engine and became a famous inventor. Actually, it's just a legend. Watt's invention of the steam engine was not the inspiration of his childhood, but the result of absorbing the achievements of his predecessors and his personal hard work. In 1736, Watt was born in greenock, a town near Glasgow, where the British shipbuilding industry developed. His grandfather and uncle are mechanical workers, and his father is a shipbuilding worker. Because his family was poor, Watt hardly went to school, but under the influence of his family, he learned a lot about mechanical manufacturing from an early age and cultivated his interest in manufacturing machinery. At the age of 18, Watt went to Glasgow to learn his craft, and later went to London to study mechanical manufacturing. In 1757, Watt went to Glasgow University as an experimenter, specializing in making and repairing teaching instruments. The university provides Watt with a good opportunity to study and practice. He studied assiduously and mastered German and Italian. Whenever he had the chance, he asked professors in universities and sometimes argued with them about science and technology. In 1763, a steam engine sent to the university outside asked Watt to repair it. Watt and several others studied it in detail. This steam engine was invented and manufactured by a Scottish blacksmith named Newkman, which was the most advanced steam engine at that time. Before Newkman, many people were interested in steam as power for production. In 1688, French physicist Deneys Papan made the first simple steam engine with a cylinder and a piston. However, Papan's invention was not actually applied to industrial production. Ten years later, an Englishman, Toys Seville, invented the steam pump, which was mainly used for pumping water in mines. In 175, after long-term research, Newkman combined the advantages invented by Papan and Seville to create an air steam engine. After careful study, Watt found that Newkman steam engine has many defects, mainly because the fuel consumption is too large, clumsy, and the application scope is limited. Watt is determined to build a better steam engine than it. A year later, Watt's own steam engine started to ignite. But after the water boiled, the steam engine did not move, water vapor emerged from it, and the room was filled with fog. It turned out that the steam engine leaked steam, and Watt's first test failed. "I will succeed!" Watt believes in his ability. However, the university did not support him to make a steam engine. At that time, it took thousands of pounds to build a steam engine, and Watt's salary was only 35 pounds a year, so he had to ask his friends for help. A friend named Barker, who runs an iron factory and a coal factory, provided him with funds and gave him a lot of help. When the experiment was on the verge of success, Buck suddenly went bankrupt and Watt was cornered again. "Watt, I have good news for you." While Watt was at a loss in his laboratory, the kind Barker was running around trying to find supporters for Watt. "What good news? Tell me quickly." Watt got excited and felt that things were promising again. "There is an iron manufacturer in Birmingham named Matthew Bolton, and he promised to provide you with funds." "What are his conditions?" "He will provide all expenses for the trial production of the steam engine and maintain your life until the cause is profitable. You should use two-thirds of the patent right of steam engine as compensation for him. " "Ok, I agree!" Watt quickly arrived in Birmingham, where, after repeated practice, he finally made a single-acting steam engine with a separate condenser in 1796. This kind of steam engine has obvious advantages over Newkman's steam engine, which can save 75% fuel. Watt was not satisfied with what he had achieved. In 1782, he successfully manufactured a steam engine. In 178 4, Watt improved it by adding a device to automatically adjust the speed of the steam engine, so that it can be applied to various mechanical movements. Since then, the textile industry, mining industry, metallurgy industry, paper industry, ceramics industry and other industrial sectors have adopted the steam engine as the driving force. In 187, American Fuer put Watt's steam engine on a ship, and since then, the sailing era in shipping has ended. In 1814, the Englishman Steven put Watt's steam engine on the train, and a new era of land transportation began. In the 193s and 194s, steam engines were widely used in Europe and North America, which was the so-called "age of steam". Watt died in 1819. In order to commemorate his great invention, later generations called the power calculation unit of generators and motors "Watt". The power of modern household lamps, electric heaters and electric irons are all called "watts", which is the abbreviation of "watts" and also to commemorate his outstanding contributions to mankind. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The first steam engine in the world was the scenery tube invented by Hiro of Alexandria in ancient Greece in the 1st century, but it was just a toy. From the end of 16th century to the end of 17th century, the mining industry in Britain, especially coal mines, has developed to a considerable scale, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of draining underground water by manpower and animal power alone, and there are abundant and cheap coal as fuel on site. The need of reality urges many people, such as Papan, savery and newcomen in Britain, to devote themselves to the exploration and experiment of "lifting water with firepower". The world's first practical steam water pump made in savery won a British patent entitled "Friends of Miners" in 1698. He filled an egg-shaped container with steam first, then closed the steam inlet valve and sprayed cold water outside the container to condense the steam in the container to form a vacuum. Open the water inlet valve, and the water at the bottom of the mine is sucked into the container through the water inlet pipe under the action of atmospheric pressure; Close the water inlet valve, reopen the steam inlet valve, and press the water in the container out through the drain valve by steam pressure. When the water in the container is drained and filled with steam, close the steam inlet valve and drain valve, and spray water again to condense the steam. Repeatedly circulating in this way, two egg-shaped containers work alternately, which can continuously drain water. Savery's water pump relies on vacuum suction to pump water, and the depth of pumping water cannot exceed six meters. In order to pump water from a mine tens of meters deep, it was necessary to install a water pump in the depth of the mine and use high steam pressure to pump water to the ground, which was undoubtedly difficult and dangerous at that time. Newcomen and his assistant Cali invented the atmospheric steam engine in 175 to drive the independent water pump, which is called the newcomen atmospheric steam engine. This kind of steam engine was first popularized in Britain and then in continental Europe, and its modified products were still being manufactured until the early 19th century. The thermal efficiency of newcomen atmospheric steam engine is very low, which is mainly due to the fact that when steam enters the cylinder, it condenses on the cylinder wall that has just been cooled by water and loses a lot of heat. It is only popularized in coal-producing areas with low coal prices. In 1764, British instrument repairman james watt noticed this shortcoming when repairing the Newcomen steam engine model for Glasgow University. In 1765, he invented a steam engine with a condenser separated from the cylinder wall, and in 1769, he obtained a British patent. In the early days, Watt's steam engine still used the balance lever and pull rod mechanism to drive the water pump. In order to remove condensate and air from the condenser, Watt installed an air pump. He also installed an interlayer on the outer wall of the cylinder and heated the cylinder wall with steam to reduce condensation loss. Around 1782, Watt further improved the machine and completed two important inventions: in the middle of the piston's working stroke, the steam inlet valve was closed to make the steam expand to do work to improve the thermal efficiency; Make the steam work on both sides of the piston (double-acting type) to improve the output power. At this time, the piston has to pull the lever down and push it up, and the sector balance lever and zipper are no longer applicable, so Watt invented the parallelogram mechanism. Watt also used crank-connecting rod mechanism in steam engines at the end of 18th century. Watt's creative work made the steam engine develop rapidly. He turned the machinery that could only carry water into a steam engine that can be widely used, and doubled the thermal efficiency of the steam engine, greatly reducing the coal consumption. Therefore, Watt is the reformer of the steam engine. Since the late 18th century, steam engines have been widely used not only in mining, but also in smelting, textile, machinery manufacturing and other industries. It increased the textile production in Britain by five times in more than 2 years (from 1766 to 1789), provided a large number of consumer goods for the market, accelerated the accumulation of funds, and put forward urgent requirements for the transportation industry. The experiment of using steam engine as propulsion power on ships began in 1776, and after continuous improvement, in 187, Fulton of the United States made the first practical steam engine ship "Clermont" with open-wheel propulsion. Since then, steam engines have been used as propulsion power on ships for more than a hundred years. In 181, Trevithick of England put forward the concept of movable steam engine. In 183, this movable steam engine using rails first appeared in coal mining areas, which is the prototype of locomotive. Stephen Sun of England improved the locomotive continuously, and in 1829, he created the "Rocket" steam locomotive, which towed a carriage with 3 passengers at a speed of 46 km/h, which attracted the attention of all countries and created the railway era. At the end of 19th century, with the rise of electric power application, steam engine was once used as the main power machine in power station. In 19, there was a steam engine power station with a single power of five megawatts in new york, USA. The development of steam engines reached its peak in the early 2th century. It has the advantages of constant torque, variable speed, reversibility, reliable operation and convenient manufacture and maintenance, so it was widely used in various fields such as power stations, factories, locomotives and ships, especially in warships, and became the only prime Mover at that time. Answer: 29-2-2 18: 56 * * Comments ┆ Report to Hades The first steam engine was invented and manufactured by French physicist Deneys Papan in 1688 with a cylinder and a piston. Watt is the inventor of the improved steam engine. Have you ever heard of the "kettle story"? According to the story, when Watt was young, he saw the water boiling in the pot on the stove. The steam lifted the lid of the pot, and Watt was inspired by it. When he grew up, he invented the steam engine and became a famous inventor. Actually, it's just a legend. Watt's invention of the steam engine was not the inspiration of his childhood, but the result of absorbing the achievements of his predecessors and his personal hard work. In 1736, Watt was born in greenock, a town near Glasgow, where the British shipbuilding industry developed. His grandfather and uncle are mechanical workers, and his father is a shipbuilding worker. Because his family was poor, Watt hardly went to school, but under the influence of his family, he learned a lot about mechanical manufacturing from an early age and cultivated his interest in manufacturing machinery. At the age of 18, Watt went to Glasgow to learn his craft, and later went to London to study mechanical manufacturing. In 1757, Watt went to Glasgow University as an experimenter, specializing in making and repairing teaching instruments. The university provides Watt with a good opportunity to study and practice. He studied assiduously and mastered German and Italian. Whenever he had the chance, he asked professors in universities and sometimes argued with them about science and technology. In 1763, a steam engine sent to the university outside asked Watt to repair it. Watt and several others studied it in detail. This steam engine was invented and manufactured by a Scottish blacksmith named Newkman, which was the most advanced steam engine at that time. Before Newkman, many people were interested in steam as power for production. In 1688, French physicist Deneys Papan made the first simple steam engine with a cylinder and a piston. However, Papan's invention was not actually applied to industrial production. Ten years later, an Englishman, Toes Seville, invented the steam pump, which was mainly used for pumping water in mines. In 175, after long-term research, Newkman combined the advantages invented by Papan and Seville to create an air steam engine. After careful study, Watt found that the Newkman steam engine has many defects, mainly because the fuel consumption is too large, clumsy, and the application scope is limited. It can only be used for mine pumping and irrigation. Watt is determined to build one better than it.