Development and Evolution of Gear Machining Machine Tool

In ancient times, gears were formed by hand filing. 1540, when making clocks and watches in Toliano, Italy, a tooth cutter was made with a rotary file; 1783, René, France, manufactured a gear processing machine tool using a milling cutter, with accessories for cutting racks and internal gears. /kloc-around 0/820, White of England made the first machine tool that can process both cylindrical gears and bevel gears. Machine tools with this performance developed again in the second half of the19th century. 1835, Whitworth, England obtained the patent of worm gear hobbing machine; 1858, Schiller obtained the patent of cylindrical gear hobbing machine; After many improvements, it was not until 1897 that the hobbing machine with differential mechanism was manufactured in Puffarth, Germany, that the machining problem of helical gears was successfully solved. Feros of the United States manufactured the gear shaper cutter in 1897 after manufacturing the gear shaper cutter.

At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the needs of the automobile industry, various gear grinding machines came out one after another. Gear shaving machine 1930 or so made in America; Honing machine is made by 1956. Since 1960s, modern technology has been applied to some advanced cylindrical gear machining machines, such as the digital display on the main machine to indicate the moving amount and cutting depth; Electronic servo system and numerical control system are used in gear hobbing machine, gear shaper and gear grinding machine to replace mechanical transmission chain and exchange gear; The programmable controller with fault diagnosis function is used to control the working cycle and change the cutting parameters. CNC gear shaper and adaptive gear hobbing machine are developed. The electronic sensor on the gear hobbing machine detects the motion error of the transmission chain and automatically compensates the error through feedback.

1884, Bilgram of the United States invented a straight bevel gear planer manufactured by generating method with a single planer. 1900, Bill of America designed a machine tool for milling straight bevel gears with double cutter heads.

Due to the need of automobile industry, a straight bevel gear planer with double planers was made in America in 1905, and a spiral bevel gear milling machine was made in 19 13. 1923, the quasi-involute bevel gear milling machine appeared; In 1930s, a broaching machine was developed, which can broach straight bevel gears at one time, and is mainly used for manufacturing automobile differential gears.

In the 1940s, in order to meet the needs of aviation industry, a spiral bevel gear grinding machine was developed. 1944, the extended epicycloid bevel gear milling machine is manufactured by Swiss Elcon company. Since 1950s, a gear milling machine has been developed, which uses a combined end milling head with double cutter bodies to process extended epicycloidal bevel gears.

Gear machining machines are mainly divided into cylindrical gear machining machines and bevel gear machining machines. Cylindrical gear processing machine tool is mainly used to process all kinds of cylindrical gears, racks and worm wheels. Commonly used gear hobbing machine, gear shaper, gear milling machine, gear shaving machine, etc.