Improve relevant policies and incentive mechanisms.
The key to developing high-tech industries lies in establishing and perfecting a good innovation environment. Without the effective legal protection of intellectual property rights, it is impossible to have huge scientific and technological investment and leading scientific and technological industries. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of intellectual property protection such as patents and trademarks, and improve the laws and mechanisms for intellectual property protection. It is necessary to establish and constantly improve the venture capital mechanism, especially the venture capital fund or venture capital company, and adopt corresponding investment methods according to the different stages of the development of high-tech enterprises to promote the industrialization of scientific research results.
We should give support to the development of bio-industry from fiscal and taxation policies: set up a national special fund for the development of bio-industry to support the research and transformation of potential bio-technology industries; Issue medium-and long-term special treasury bonds of a certain scale, and provide strong financial support for the development of biotechnology by using treasury bonds; Draw lessons from the experience of developing software industry, and exempt bio-high-tech enterprises from enterprise income tax for three or five years; Encourage and support biotechnology high-tech enterprises to go public for financing. It is necessary to combine the focus and direction of biotechnology and industrial development, formulate preferential policies, improve the incentive mechanism, cultivate biotechnology industry into a new economic growth point, improve relevant laws, and create a good development environment for biotechnology industry.
We can learn from the cooperation mode of Galileo Plan in Europe, establish a national cooperation platform for biotechnology research, establish an open cooperation mechanism, attract elite biotechnology talents from other countries to this platform, and make contributions to the bio-economic development of China and the world. This kind of international cooperation has a high starting point, which can attract other countries to join in the name of the government and bring great benefits to other countries. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve international product standards and quality control systems, paving the way for biotechnology products to enter the international market. ?
Strengthen scientific and technological innovation
In the 20th century, global GNP increased 30 times, from 1 trillion dollars to 30 trillion dollars, and the contribution rate of science and technology increased from 5% to 60%-70%. Science and technology have played a decisive role in economic development. Under the new situation of rapid development of scientific and technological progress and economic globalization, the value created through intellectual property rights has exceeded the value created by capital and labor. Without the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation and its effective transformation, there can be no sustained economic development and strong international competitiveness. Bio-economy itself is the result of scientific and technological innovation, and it needs the cultivation of scientific and technological innovation to develop and grow.
China is a country with large genetic resources, but it is a small country with intellectual property rights of genes, and there are not many biological gene patents registered internationally. Biotechnology industry in Europe and America currently accounts for 15%-20% of GDP, while China only accounts for 5%; There are only about 200 enterprises with certain technology and scale in China, which is less than 1% of the world total. Biotechnology industry is a capital-intensive industry with high investment, high risk and high return. Therefore, we should aim at the forefront of world science and technology, speed up the construction of national innovation system, establish a world-class biotechnology research and development center, and strengthen the alliance between national scientific research institutions and local and enterprises. Scientific and technological innovation should take the implementation of patents and standards as the strategy, master independent intellectual property rights in the field of strategic biotechnology, have the ability to develop core technologies, effectively strengthen original innovation, and take whether patents can be obtained as an important assessment index for research and development. Because the number of biological gene patents is limited, others will be short of one, so it is necessary to concentrate outstanding talents, increase scientific and technological innovation, and register more biotechnology patents in time.
Attach importance to the cultivation of talent team
The competition of high technology is, in the final analysis, the competition of talents. Therefore, the development of bio-economy should pay full attention to the cultivation and use of talents. At present, there are two outstanding problems in China's scientific and technological talents: first, the existing biotechnology talents are biased towards theoretical research, and the industrialized talents are relatively lacking; Second, the overall quality of human resources can not meet the requirements, especially the lack of skilled talents for the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. We should actively implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, speed up the training of well-trained talents of all kinds, and create a talent team that meets the requirements in quantity and quality, with special emphasis on cultivating "leading figures" who are familiar with the whole process of biotechnology research and development. This is the decisive factor to seize the opportunity of bio-economy.
It is gratifying that at present, China's biotechnology talent team has a certain foundation. Nearly 30% of the papers in the global biotechnology field were completed with the participation or sponsorship of China people, and China scientists played an important role in the international biotechnology field. The key is to aggregate domestic and foreign forces into the main battlefield of bio-economy through a perfect mechanism. We should make full use of the regulatory role of the market mechanism, pay attention to the introduction of foreign talents while introducing foreign advanced technology, and draw lessons from international advanced scientific methods and management experience to unify independent scientific and technological resources into the overall goal of China's bio-economic development.
Increase capital investment
The field of biotechnology has entered a stage of large-scale breakthrough progress, with considerable bio-economic prospects and great potential. The necessary investment of capital and human resources is the basis for obtaining rich returns. At present, the capital problem is the main bottleneck restricting the development of biotechnology in China. Due to insufficient investment, China's scientific and technological innovation is more than enough, and it lacks the strength of sustainable development. Taking biopharmaceuticals as an example, facing the increasingly withered resources on land, marine biopharmaceuticals have become a relatively mature discipline and the most profitable industry in the world today, and hundreds of marine drugs have entered clinical evaluation internationally.
The United States has invested a total of $50 billion in biogenetic drugs, with an annual increase of $5 billion. However, only about 10 kinds of marine drugs have entered the clinical evaluation in China, and the cumulative investment in biogenic drugs is only 4 billion yuan, which is far from the number of drug research and development or the technical level. Of course, the relevant parties have recognized the rare opportunity of bio-economy and are making efforts to increase capital investment. At present, the high-tech industry supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology is biotechnology, and the annual investment in this industry is as high as 654.38+03 billion yuan, but this is far from meeting the research and development needs of many fields of biotechnology.
Murad, winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine, said that China's investment in life science research is far from enough, and the government should create a good environment for the development of biotechnology industry and mobilize all social forces to develop biotechnology and industry. If China does not invest heavily in biology and medicine, this discovery will be completed in other countries. Without intellectual property rights, the medical cost in China will be higher and higher. ?
Actively promote industrialization
Biotechnology can only be industrialized to form a bio-economy. The ultimate goal of scientific research and development is to serve the economy. At present, the conversion rate of science and technology in China is only 15%, and the contribution of technological progress to economic growth is only 29%, far below the level of developed countries (60%-80%). Bio-economy is a huge economic chain, including biotechnology, bio-trade, bio-consumption, bio-finance, bio-market, bio-logistics and so on. At present, the key projects of bio-economic industrialization are pharmaceutical biotechnology, bioenergy and other 10 major projects, and the output value of these major projects after industrialization can exceed 1 trillion yuan. We should conform to the laws of diffusion, radiation, demonstration and acceleration of the industrial revolution and actively promote the industrialization of biotechnology.
We should encourage and develop various forms of bio-economic enterprises, and pay special attention to the development of enterprise groups related to biotechnology transformation, such as biotechnology consulting enterprises, technology transformation enterprises, technology marketing enterprises, technology promotion enterprises and technology brands enterprises. So that the bio-economic development has a huge and clear industrial organic group. Encourage the development of various enterprise groups related to bio-economic industries, so as to make all kinds of bio-economic enterprises develop in a balanced way and form a virtuous circle. This is the necessary social environment for the sustained and healthy development of bio-economy. It is necessary to change the practice that managers pay more attention to short-term than long-term, entrepreneurs pay more attention to production than innovation, and scholars pay more attention to papers than practicality, actively use biotechnology, concentrate superior forces to make enterprises bigger and stronger, and make bio-economy a powerful driving force for the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy. ?
Attach importance to biosafety strategy
China is a big country with biological gene resources, and foreign enterprises are eyeing China's biological resources, and a large number of precious biological resources are lost, which needs to be protected urgently. At the same time, we should realize that biotechnology is a double-edged sword, which can benefit the society and harm mankind. From June 5438 to1October, 2004, Ziwu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. was entrusted by the American Association of Pathologists to send H _ H2N2 influenza virus samples to 3747 laboratories in 18 countries and regions by mistake. It was not until March 26th, 2006 that the National Microbiology Laboratory of Canada discovered this error and destroyed these samples. Otherwise, a little carelessness may cause irreparable losses.
At present, there are more than 400 alien species invading China, which are characterized by huge population and rapid reproduction, causing economic losses of more than 57 billion yuan to China's agriculture and forestry every year. Therefore, to develop bio-economy, we should strengthen safety awareness, improve relevant laws and regulations, and ensure the safety of biological resources according to law. To improve the whole society's understanding of biotechnology safety, relevant departments should establish emergency plans, nip in the bud, truly seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and turn disadvantages into advantages.