International rolling stock manufacturing industry: competitive environment and countermeasures
Railway is an important infrastructure and economic lifeline of a country, which profoundly affects the political stability, economic development and homeland security of the host country. , social culture and many other aspects. Since the 1980s, with the in-depth development of economic globalization, regional integration and geopolitics, energy crisis, environmental pollution, traffic safety and other issues have highlighted the comparative advantages of the railway industry. The rising demand for railway transportation worldwide has promoted the development of the rolling stock manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the international rolling stock market environment, study the current international competitiveness of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry, and then propose development strategies and policy recommendations to enhance the competitiveness of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry.
1. Analysis of the international rolling stock market environment
(1) Demand analysis of the international rolling stock market
In recent years, governments of various countries have increased their investment in the railway industry. With the financial support and policy support, the international railway market has shown a sustainable revival trend. The high-speed train technology represented by Japan, France, and Germany and the heavy-haul train technology represented by the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries reflect the railway development trend of high-speed passenger transportation and heavy-duty freight transportation.
1. Analysis of the market value of the international rolling stock market
The annual output value of the global railway market is 103.3 billion euros, and the rolling stock market ranks second according to market scope, with a value of 28 billion euros. By geography, Western Europe is the largest rolling stock market, with a total reach of approximately 9.5 billion euros per year, followed by the Asia-Pacific region with 8.9 billion euros, and the North American Free Trade Agreement Area (NAFTA) ranks third, The market capitalization is approximately 4.5 billion euros.
2. International rolling stock market growth forecast
In the next ten years, the global railway market will grow at an annual rate of 1.5% to 2.0%. The annual growth rate in the Africa/Middle East region is expected to be 3.7%, the annual growth rate in the Eastern Europe region is expected to be 3.5%, and the CIS region is approximately 3.3%. Among them, the largest growth rate of rolling stock was 8.2% in Eastern Europe, 4.0% in the CIS countries, 3.0% in Africa/Middle East, and 2.5% in the Asia-Pacific region.
3. Analysis of international rolling stock product structure
In 2003, the total value of the world railway equipment market was approximately 56.7 billion euros, and the total transaction volume of the rolling stock market was 22.2 billion euros, of which high-speed trains The transaction volume of EMU and EMU was 5.3 billion euros, accounting for 24%, the transaction volume of freight cars was 4.6 billion euros, accounting for 21%, and the transaction volume of passenger cars was 2 billion euros, accounting for 9%. In the five years from 2004 to 2008, the global market demand for EMUs and EMUs continued to increase, with an annual growth rate of approximately 5%, resulting in the traditional passenger car market actually stagnating or even declining. In the European and North American markets, high-speed trains are expected to have the largest growth; during the same period, the subway train and light rail train markets will become the focus of Eastern Europe, the CIS and Asian markets, worthy of attention; as of 2003, there were approximately 4.8 million trucks in the world, and it is expected that The markets in Asia, the CIS and Latin America will become the fastest growing regions in the truck market, while the truck markets in the United States and Canada, the world's largest truck markets, are expected to decrease at an annual rate of 2%.
(2) The operating status of the international rolling stock manufacturing industry
1. Supply and demand relationship in the international rolling stock market
The overall situation of the international rolling stock market is supply and demand. Exceeding demand. According to relevant data, the supply and demand relationship in the international motorcycle market from 1994 to 2009 was approximately 1:0.47. At present, multinational companies monopolize most of the international rolling stock market and continue to expand into new markets in developing countries. In this market, international competition is complex and fierce among multinational companies, between rolling stock companies in developing countries, and between the two.
2. Major suppliers in the international rolling stock market
Bombardier, Alston, Siemens, General Electric (GE), General Motors (GM) is one of the top five suppliers in the world's railway equipment market, accounting for approximately 75% of the global market sales.
(1) Canada's Bombardier
After acquiring Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation (Group) has become the world's largest railway and track equipment manufacturer, with its markets mainly located in North America and Europe. It is currently working hard to expand to Asia and Africa. In 2004, the global market share was approximately 23%, with annual sales of approximately 7 billion euros.
Bombardier has established three joint ventures in China:
Qingdao Sifang-Bombardier-Bauer Railway Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd. (BSP), mainly engaged in high-end passenger cars, ordinary passenger car bodies, Design and manufacturing of electric multiple units, luxury double-decker buses, high-speed buses and urban rail vehicles. 80% of the carriages of the direct express trains currently in operation are provided by BSP. BSP has also provided the Qinghai-Tibet Railway with 361 trains that can adapt to the plateau environment.
Changchun Changchun-Bombardier Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. (CBRC) is mainly engaged in the design and production of railway passenger cars, subway vehicles and urban rail vehicles. It has now obtained additional contracts for 156 subway vehicles for Guangzhou Metro Line 1, 132 subway vehicles for the first phase of Shenzhen Metro, and 60 subway vehicles for Shanghai Metro Line 1.
Jiangsu Changqian Bombardier Traction Systems Co., Ltd. (BCP) is mainly engaged in the manufacturing, sales and maintenance of railway vehicle traction equipment.
(2) Alstom, France
As the Alstom Transportation Systems Division with the largest global market share of high-speed trains and tilting trains and the second largest market share in urban rail transit, Focusing on the European market and expanding to North America, Asia and Africa, its global market share in 2004 was approximately 18%, with annual sales of approximately 5.1 billion euros.
Alstom has established 11 joint ventures in China (with 2 branches in Hong Kong) and signed a number of cooperation agreements. For example, it provided 1,100 subway carriages to the Hong Kong MTR Corporation and the Kowloon-Canton Railway Company; in 2004, it cooperated with Changchun Railway Group Co., Ltd. and won a contract for 60 200km/h EMUs from the Ministry of Railways; it cooperated with Datong Electric Locomotive and obtained 180 electric locomotives from the Ministry of Railways. Contract; in Shanghai, Alstom Transport Equipment Co., Ltd. (SATCO) produces urban rail transit vehicles, Alstom Transport Electrical Co., Ltd. (SATEE) produces propulsion equipment, and CASCO Signaling Co., Ltd. (CASCO) produces signaling equipment; in Qingdao Railway equipment companies produce DISPEN shock absorbers, etc.
(3) Siemens, Germany
Through the merger and acquisition of railway equipment manufacturing companies, Siemens Transportation Systems Group was established in 1989. Its main products include high-speed trains, locomotives, EMUs, and tilting trains. , passenger cars and subway light rail vehicles. In 2004, its global market share was approximately 14%, and its annual sales were approximately 4.3 billion euros, ranking third in the world.
Siemens, Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Factory and Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute jointly established Zhuzhou Siemens Traction Equipment Co., Ltd. in 1999. It has obtained 168 units of Shanghai Metro Line 4 (Pearl Line Phase II), Guangzhou Metro Line A contract order for 120 subway vehicles for Line 3; since December 2004, it has cooperated with Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Factory to provide 180 DJ4 electric locomotives for China Railway, with a contract value of approximately US$880 million; in November 2005, it has cooperated with Tangshan Electric Locomotive Factory The rolling stock factory signed a purchase and technology transfer agreement for 60 300km/h high-speed trains.
(4) General Electric Company and General Motors Company of the United States
The United States is the country with the highest technical level and largest output of freight locomotives. General Electric Transportation Systems Division (EMD) and General Motors The company's Electric Power Division has become the world's major manufacturer of heavy-duty diesel locomotives. At present, its market is expanding from Europe and the United States to Asia, and its global market share in 2004 was about 10%.
In 2004, China Railway purchased 422 C38-Ache AC drive diesel locomotives from the Transportation Systems Department of General Electric Company for use on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway; in 2005, Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory cooperated with General Electric and obtained the approval from the Ministry of Railways Contract for 300 units of 4470KW AC transmission diesel locomotives.
(5) Indian Railway Technical and Economic Services Corporation (RITES), Korean Rolling Stock Corporation (ROTEM)
Indian Railway Technical and Economic Services Corporation is affiliated to the Indian Ministry of Railways, and its product technology closely follows The world's advanced level, it has formed strategic alliances with the American GM Company, the former German ABB Company, and LHB Company, and has developed world-advanced AC transmission electric locomotives and diesel locomotives, high-end buses and 100km/h new trucks, which compete internationally. Constant strength. Improved products have been exported to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Senegal and other Asian and African countries.
Korean Rolling Stock Corporation was formed as a joint venture in July 1999 by three major rolling stock companies in Korea: Daewoo Heavy Industries, Hyundai Precision Machinery, and Hanjin Heavy Industries. It is one of the largest and most powerful industrial enterprises in South Korea. First, the technical level is above average. The products are mainly for the domestic market, but some are also exported to Ghana, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, the United States and Taiwan Province of China.
When Chinese rolling stock companies develop international markets, they not only have to face competition from world-renowned companies such as Bombardier, Alston, and Siemens, but also face competition from India and South Korea. The technical level of products and other products is equivalent to the challenges faced by rolling stock companies in the country.
(3) The development trend of the international rolling stock manufacturing industry
The development trend of the international rolling stock manufacturing industry is concentrated in the mergers and reorganizations, strategic alliances and other industries characterized by industry concentration. Lay out the industrial integration of R&D, investment, production, procurement, sales and after-sales services characterized by globalization.
1. Acceleration of restructuring, mergers and strategic alliances
Since the late 1980s, the world's rolling stock market has experienced overcapacity, corporate restructuring, mergers and acquisitions have accelerated, and industrial concentration has further increased. In order to adapt to more intense market competition, the world's rolling stock manufacturing giants are more inclined to form strategic alliances to bear costs and risks, promote technological innovation, and shorten product development cycles. For example, the alliance between GEC and Alston is a strategic alliance to reallocate resources; the cooperation between GM and Siemens to provide traction motors for AC transmission locomotives is a alliance with complementary technical advantages; the joint bidding of Alston and Siemens for the Taiwan high-speed railway project is a *** Tactical alliance driven by common interests.
2. Increasing globalization of industrial chain configuration
The world's rolling stock manufacturing giants use global resources and strategic layout to optimize the allocation of industry chain links such as investment, development, production, procurement and sales. , to adapt to different market preferences, specifically manifested in the increase in the number of suppliers, strengthening supply chain management, deepening localized operations and adaptive technology transfer, while promoting the development of the host country's national industry and the enhancement of innovation capabilities.
3. The trend of "centralization" of technology is significant
The global configuration of the rolling stock industry chain has changed the competitive landscape of the international rolling stock market, leading to a new specialized division of labor, The emergence of collaborative models. As technology competition occupies an important position, the world's rolling stock manufacturing giants have a significant trend of "centralization", focusing on areas with competitive advantages, attaching importance to building and strengthening the core competitiveness of enterprises, and through outsourcing, subcontracting and "technology transfer", " Cooperation methods such as "production license" transfer the production of low-tech products and parts such as car bodies to low-cost enterprises, reflecting a greater degree of specialization and flexibility. For example, Siemens focuses more on high-power AC transmission electric locomotives, and General Electric focuses more on heavy-duty diesel locomotives.
4. The proportion of accessories sales and after-sales services has increased
The research and development costs of high-tech products in the rolling stock industry are relatively high, and the intensified competition has led to a gradual decrease in the unit price of complete vehicles. Therefore, the income from accessories and after-sales services have increased. Service is increasingly important to rolling stock manufacturers. For example, Siemens is far ahead in the manufacturing of important motor and electrical components. In the fields of rolling stock repair and modification, after-sales service has become an important part of the vehicle supply contract. It is foreseeable that the growth of service business will change the market distribution, and the proportion of service revenue will continue to increase.
2. Current status of international competitiveness of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry
The international competitiveness of the rolling stock manufacturing industry refers to the relative advantages and integration of resources of the rolling stock industry in international market competition. Capabilities include the ability to integrate traditional elements such as labor, capital and natural resources; the ability to master information, knowledge and technological innovation; the ability to control the external environment; the ability to sustain development, etc. Environment, system, capabilities and resources are the main elements of the international competitiveness of the rolling stock manufacturing industry. Since the reform and opening up, China's railways have achieved historic development. The production scale, product level and variety quantity of the rolling stock manufacturing industry have basically adapted to the needs of the railway transportation market, forming railway rolling stock products with independent intellectual property rights and a speed of less than 200 kilometers per hour. series, EMU technology introduction has achieved phased results, and has initially formed a technology development system that closely integrates "production, learning, research and application", and has certain international competitiveness in the markets of developing countries and some developed countries.
(1) External environment
From the perspective of the international environment, the international integration process of the rolling stock manufacturing industry has become increasingly obvious, and the pattern of global technology diffusion has initially taken shape. Reduced transfer costs, trade liberalization and market globalization have shown broad development space for China's rolling stock manufacturing industry. From the domestic environment, according to the "Medium and Long-term Railway Network Plan", "by 2020, the national operating mileage will reach 100,000 kilometers, the main busy trunk lines will be separated into passenger and freight lines, the duplication rate and electrification rate will reach 50%, and the transportation capacity will meet the needs of the national Economic and social development needs, and the main technical equipment has reached or is close to the international advanced level." Large-scale road network construction has provided a huge market for the development of the rolling stock manufacturing industry. As the rolling stock industry is highly interconnected and is greatly influenced by related industries in the industrial chain, China's railway industry already has strong railway infrastructure construction capabilities, strong system integration and adaptability advantages, and can adapt to most developing countries. To meet the needs of the national railway market, it is fully capable and capable of participating in global railway competition. Therefore, it is worth exploring to accelerate the establishment of strategic alliances in domestic railway construction, rolling stock manufacturing, operation management and other industries, and to effectively integrate and rationally allocate railway industry resources.
(2) Industrial Policy
The national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" outline identifies rail transit equipment as one of the ten key points for revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry, requiring "mastering a speed of 200 kilometers per hour." The core technologies of the above high-speed trains, new subway vehicles and other equipment will be industrialized." During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's total railway fixed assets investment will reach 1.5 trillion yuan, of which investment in rolling stock acquisition and technological transformation will reach 250 billion yuan from 44 billion yuan in 2006. According to the leap-forward development strategy of railways, the focus will be on high-speed, fast passenger transport and fast, heavy-haul freight transport to improve the overall level of China's railway rolling stock. At present, the Chinese government has also provided unprecedented support for Chinese enterprises to "go global" in terms of policies, institutions, funds, taxation, etc. In October 2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee pointed out that we must implement mutually beneficial and win-win strategies The opening-up strategy supports qualified enterprises to “go global” and carry out foreign direct investment and transnational operations.
(3) Internal environment
China's rolling stock manufacturing industry has a high degree of concentration. In 2000, China Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Corporation was "decoupled" from the Ministry of Railways, and was later reorganized into two oligarchic enterprises, China Southern Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation and China Northern Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation (hereinafter referred to as South China Railway and Northern Railway Group). A modern enterprise system has been established, internal integration has been gradually completed, and the overall strength is about the same. At the end of 2005, the total assets of CSR Group were 28.5 billion yuan, and the main business income was 21.5 billion yuan; the total assets of CNR Group were 26.9 billion yuan, and the main business income was 19.5 billion yuan.
From the perspective of the core assets of both parties, Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Company is the most profitable enterprise under CSR Group, Yangtze Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. is also the core asset of CSR Group; Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock Group is a subsidiary of CNR Group core assets. Judging from the market structure of both parties, CSR Group has a higher market share in the new manufacturing of electric and diesel locomotives and the repair of diesel locomotives and passenger cars; the CNR Group has a higher market share in the new manufacturing of passenger cars and the repair of electric locomotives.
Trains with a speed of 300 kilometers per hour are manufactured by Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, a subsidiary of CSR Group, and Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, a subsidiary of CNR Group; in terms of freight locomotives, CNR has a slight advantage, with Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory and Datong Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, both affiliated to CNR Group, respectively. An agreement was obtained for 500 freight locomotives, and the Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Company of the CSR Group also obtained some contracts. Judging from the asset operation capabilities of both parties, CSR Group owns three listed companies, two A-share companies (Southern Huitong and Times New Materials) and one H-share company (Zhuzhou Times Electric Power); CNR Group’s capital operation is slightly inferior, and There are no listed companies.
CNR Group and CNR Group have basically formed a relatively balanced competitive situation, which has improved the overall level of the rolling stock industry. The two major groups have formulated strategic principles for orderly competition in the domestic market and joint cooperation in the international market, and actively Explore the international market and seek greater development space.
(4) Product Structure
Companies affiliated to the South China Morning Post and North Korea Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation include new rolling stock manufacturing, parts production and repair enterprises and research institutes, with a relatively reasonable domestic layout. The high supporting requirements for the industrial structure constitute domestic market access barriers. Multinational companies in the same industry are unable to directly establish a complete industrial structure in the short term and can only rely on Chinese enterprises to gradually enter. China has formed a series of mainline high-speed EMUs of different powers and levels, high-power passenger and freight locomotives and shunting locomotives, and industrial and mining locomotives. The passenger vehicles have formed high-speed buses, dedicated line express buses, quasi-high-speed air-conditioned buses, double-decker buses, high-speed Passenger car series such as high-quality buses, luxury high-end buses, etc. that meet the needs of different levels, and truck products have also developed to a new stage of heavy-duty, specialization, bulkization, and speed and efficiency improvement. China's rolling stock manufacturing industry already has a complete product structure for all-round export.
(5) Technical level
In accordance with the requirements of "introducing advanced technology, joint design and production, and building a Chinese brand", with the support of the Ministry of Railways, the South and North Railway Group have low-cost It has successfully introduced the EMU technologies with speeds of 200 kilometers per hour and above of 300 kilometers per hour from Alstom of France, Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan, Bombardier of Canada, and Siemens of Germany; as well as high-power electric and diesel locomotives from Alstom, Siemens, and American GE and EMD. technology. China's rolling stock manufacturing industry has gone through imitation, technology introduction combined with independent research and development, joint ventures and cooperation, etc., and is now in a period of technological upgrading. Key production processes and equipment levels have been greatly improved, narrowing the gap in railway rolling stock equipment with developed countries. , gradually established its own technology research and development and production system, and the Harmony EMU and Harmony high-power locomotives have been put into operation. However, in terms of high-speed technology and heavy-haul transportation, there is a big gap compared with the requirements of national economic development for railway transportation capacity and the world's advanced level.
China's rolling stock technical standard system is not yet complete, the international standard adoption rate is low, and the intellectual property management system is not yet complete. The overall technological innovation capability of China's rolling stock industry is not high, and there are still deficiencies in breakthrough re-innovation after introduction; the application of information-assisted design, development and development is not popular enough, and there is a lack of advanced and supporting experimental means; an efficient enterprise-centered, product-based system has not yet been truly formed. A tight technological innovation system integrating learning and research.
(6) Human Resources
Resources and abilities form competitiveness, and human resources are the organism of resources and abilities. Therefore, outstanding talents, especially senior professional and technical talents and human resources Resources have become a key factor in determining competitiveness. By the end of 2005, the two major groups had 205,732 employees, including 55,461 with a college degree or above, accounting for about 1/4; 55,999 professional and technical personnel of various types, accounting for about 1/4; and 6,641 professionals with senior professional titles. people. From the perspective of talent structure, the human resources structure is single, with a relative surplus of ordinary personnel, a small total number and low proportion of professional and technical talents, and a lack of international business talents; from the perspective of human resource utilization efficiency, the mechanism for motivating outstanding talents and encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship is still insufficient. imperfect. Insufficient talent reserves have become one of the important bottlenecks restricting the development of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry.
(7) International business capabilities
Compared with international counterparts, although China's rolling stock manufacturing industry lacks unified planning for product series development, product structure convergence and relatively single varieties, Product modular design and production started late. However, the overall level of product quality has generally improved, and the pace of product upgrading has accelerated significantly. Compared with similar foreign products, it has a cost-effective advantage and is more in line with the market needs of the vast majority of third world countries.
So far, some complete rolling stock products and key accessories have entered the markets of more than 30 countries and regions in five continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, the United States, and Australia. The proportion of exports has increased year by year, and the sales field has expanded year by year.
In terms of vehicle exports, Chinese rolling stock manufacturing companies have obtained large quantities of Iranian subways and railway coaches, Iraqi diesel locomotives, Pakistani locomotives and locomotive parts, Kazakhstan electric locomotives, Malaysian AC transmission diesel locomotives, etc. Project contract; after exporting locomotives to the Tanzania-Zambia Railway and locomotives to South Africa, the locomotive purchase contract was signed with Sudan, achieving a new breakthrough in the development of the African market; exporting locomotives and buses to Argentina, making Chinese rolling stock successfully enter the market for the first time by European and American manufacturers The Argentine market has been monopolized for a long time; the export of EMUs to Namibia and Venezuela marks the first time that China's EMUs have entered the African and South American markets; the double-decker stainless steel bus project exported to Australia is by far the largest export project in China's rolling stock industry, and is also a major export project to developed countries. Successful exploration of the national market; providing railway sleeper trucks to New Zealand, allowing Chinese complete railway vehicles to enter the New Zealand market for the first time; signing a "Revolution" locomotive manufacturing technology transfer contract with Vietnam, creating a new era of China's rolling stock industrial complete vehicle technology export First of all.
In the field of spare parts, products such as crankshaft cylinder liners have entered the North American and European markets; it has obtained the qualification to produce bolsters and side frames for the Russian Railways; it has surpassed the world's number one American National Forging Company. , becoming the largest supplier of motorcycle crankshafts in the Indian market.
At the same time, by signing a joint venture agreement with a Brazilian railway counterpart to establish a freight train assembly plant, the company set up a business abroad for the first time; and established the first overseas joint R&D center in the Chinese rolling stock industry with Michigan State University in the United States - ZELRI—MSU Power Electronics System R&D Center.
3. Countermeasures and suggestions for improving the international competitiveness of the rolling stock manufacturing industry
Global economic integration, international railway revitalization, China’s good foreign relations and the development achievements of the railway industry have Create new opportunities for the internationalization process of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry. Chinese rolling stock companies have been recognized by foreign users for their reliable product quality, reasonable cost performance, and good after-sales service. They have certain international influence and competitiveness. However, China's rolling stock industry "going out" is still based on Products are mainly exported, overseas business accounts for a small proportion of main business income, and the level of international business model is low. Therefore, realizing the development and innovation of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry and creating Chinese railway enterprises and industry standards with strong international influence are of great practical significance for improving its international competitiveness and thus strengthening the overall competitiveness of China's railway industry.
(1) Clarify the target market
We should be oriented towards the global market, seize the opportunity of railway revitalization, and strengthen research and prediction of existing, possible and potential markets. By adopting different market strategies, we can transform the comparative advantages of market segments into actual competitive advantages, turn potential demand into actual demand, and achieve the transformation from a large rolling stock manufacturing country to a manufacturing power.
Developed railway countries and regions represented by North America, Western Europe, Oceania and Japan are basically monopolized by the world's largest rolling stock manufacturers. The market is becoming saturated and technical barriers are high. However, There is a need for general rolling stock products and accessories. We should start from the production of key components and use ordinary passenger trucks as the entry point for vehicle export to establish a brand image. Countries with self-supporting technologies, represented by Russia, India, South Korea and some Eastern European countries, have relatively complete rolling stock industrial systems and their products basically meet their own needs, but they lack high-tech products. As China's railway passenger dedicated lines and high-speed railways have made significant progress, they will become potential emerging overseas markets. At present, tracking and research on this regional market should be strengthened. Developing countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and other regions have not yet formed an independent rolling stock industrial system and have broad market prospects. We should make full use of China's good geopolitical, political and economic relations, give full play to its cost-effectiveness and adaptability advantages, strengthen after-sales services, and make the vehicle market in this region the focus of "going out".
(2) Transforming the business model
Compared with the world's rolling stock giants, there is a big gap between Chinese rolling stock companies in terms of enterprise scale, key technologies, capital operations, etc., and international business operations The model is relatively simple, still focusing on product exports.
We should accelerate asset business reorganization and industry resource integration, increase supply chain extension and management, strengthen forward and backward cooperation with related industries and supporting institutions, give full play to the effect of industrial clusters, and achieve economies of scope; establish and improve The international marketing network focuses on enhancing self-operated marketing capabilities and focusing on cultivating international comprehensive talents; using multilateral and bilateral mechanisms to negotiate and sign intergovernmental agreements and promote cooperation on major railway projects.
We should accelerate the establishment of close cooperation with well-known international and domestic manufacturers, developers, contractors and survey, design, and consulting companies, shift the business scope to the high end of the industrial chain and the source of projects, and effectively integrate into the world of rolling stock. manufacturing system to increase the share of global industrial division of labor. Seize the opportunity of the transfer of railway equipment manufacturing industry to developing countries, continue to research and explore business models such as setting up overseas factories, and expand the influence of Chinese standards. Strategic alliances with China's railway construction and other related industries can effectively leverage the overall system integration and adaptability advantages of the railway industry and build China's railway location brand. This is a realistic choice to enhance the international competitiveness of China's rolling stock manufacturing industry and enhance the competitiveness of China's railway industry. .
(3) Independent technological innovation
The rolling stock industry is an important part of the manufacturing industry and an important carrier of China's rail transit transportation equipment. The overall technical capabilities of the industry are low and the lack of independent innovation capabilities has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's rolling stock industry.
Chinese rolling stock companies should play their role as innovation entities, actively carry out forward-looking and adaptive technology research and development, accelerate the establishment of overseas R&D centers, and focus on the research and development of high-speed rail transit control and speed regulation systems, vehicle manufacturing, and lines. In key technologies such as construction and system integration, through the strategy of combining technology introduction with original innovation, integrated innovation with introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation, we can achieve breakthroughs in key components and key technologies and give full play to the latecomer advantage. Focus on researching the market environment and customer requirements of the target market to improve the overall technological innovation level of targeted development and manufacturing products. Make adaptive technology and product cost-effectiveness the key to participating in international competition, form a followable and complete technical standard system, create a national brand with independent intellectual property rights for China's railway industry to participate in international competition, and promote the development of the national rolling stock manufacturing industry.
The government should use active industrial and financial policies as a guarantee and continue to coordinate science and technology, finance, finance, taxation, insurance and other relevant departments in technological research and development, product structure optimization, international market development, and informatization construction. and other aspects to further increase support for rolling stock companies in their “going out” efforts.
References
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"2006 China CNR Yearbook", China Railway Press, 2006.
"2006 China Southern Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Group Company Yearbook", China Railway Press, 2006.
National Bureau of Statistics: "China Railway Yearbook" (2002-2006), China Yearbook Society.
"Railway "Eleventh Five-Year Plan"", /tllwjs/tlwgh.html.
Special Research Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology: "Research Report on my country's Industrial Independent Innovation Capabilities", Science Press, 2006.
Special Research Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology: "The Process and Experience of Scientific and Technological Innovation Development in Major Innovative Countries", 2006 National Science and Technology Conference Materials.
Cai Yuguo: The world railway equipment market has an annual growth rate of 4%, "Foreign Diesel Locomotives", Issue 1, 2005.
Chen Chunyang and Li Xuewei: Research on the technological innovation model of China's rolling stock industry, "China Soft Science", Issue 12, 2006.
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For reference only, please learn from it yourself.
Hope this helps.