The invention of the train
Today, when a train flashed in front of us, quickly disappeared from sight and sailed far away, we could not help but express our heartfelt admiration. The man who invented the train is really great, and left this fast, convenient and comfortable means of transportation to future generations.
The industrial revolution in Europe replaced the workshop handicraft industry with the machine industry. The machinery industry needs a lot of fuel and raw materials, and it also needs to send products to various places. /kloc-before the 0/9th century, transportation depended on water vessels. On land, we can only rely on wagons, which is very contradictory to the needs of large industries. The machine industry calls for the birth of modern means of transportation.
/kloc-In the second half of the 6th century, wooden tracks were laid in mines and quarries in Britain and Germany. Cars walking on the track are propelled by human or animal power. 1767, British metal prices fell sharply. The boss of an iron factory saw a mountain of pig iron, which could not be sold, and occupied a lot of places, so he asked people to cast long iron bars and lay them on the road of the factory, ready to sell them after the price of iron rose. However, it is found that the vehicle is walking on the road covered with iron bars, which is labor-saving and stable. In this way, railway tracks were born before trains.
After all, it is not very convenient to drive on the iron bar, so the iron bar is improved and made into a trough rail. This kind of track can prevent the wheels from slipping out, but it is easy to accumulate stones and cinders in the groove and the track is easy to be damaged. Therefore, people make the railings as wide as the top and bottom, and slightly narrower in the middle, so that garbage is not easy to accumulate and the railings are not easy to be damaged. However, this kind of track is not very stable, and the rail is easy to overturn when it is impacted, which leads to the derailment and rollover of the vehicle. People also widened the bottom of the track to form an I-shape like Chinese characters. This shape of track is both stable and reliable, and it has been used ever since.
At that time, the railway was born, but most of the cars walking on the railway were drawn by horses. 1783, Murdoch, a student of Watt, built 1 car driven by a steam engine, but the effect was not good and no one used it. 1807, the British Trevisick and Vivian successfully built a car propelled by a steam engine, but it was too heavy to walk on ordinary roads. They didn't expect to put it on the rails, so they soon gave it up. Until 18 14, Stephenson, a British engineer from Cowherd, built a steam locomotive walking on the rails and formally invented the train.
1847, M. Farmer of the United States made the first electric car powered by trackless batteries. 1880, Camille Foer of France was the first to make a practical electric car powered by battery.