From the perspective of short-term effectiveness, it is not cost-effective to vigorously develop the new trend of top-level policy uncertainty, but there are indeed "stubborn" manufacturers in China who have been doing it for five years. On March 29th, Great Wall Motor officially released the hydrogen energy strategy, and set a three-step carbon neutral target starting from 202 1, and the core is the hydrogen lime technology, which is a cost-effective solution for the full-scene application of the automobile specification "hydrogen power system", claiming to get rid of the "stuck" state.
From the formal establishment of the 20 16 hydrogen energy project to the release of the 202 1 hydrogen energy strategy, the Great Wall has quietly passed five years. Up to now, it has covered the perfect integrated supply chain ecology of "research-production-storage-transportation-processing-application", and realized "stack and components, fuel cell power generation and components (controllers, etc." ), type IV hydrogen storage bottle, high voltage.
Hydrogen lime technology is one of the core technologies under the Great Wall Lemon Platform, which can be summarized by 1T3H5G: 1 complete R&D system of vehicle regulations, 3 technical modules and 5 performance advantages; The three technical modules are hydrogen platform (he), stack platform (HS) and hydrogen storage platform (HP).
To understand these three technical modules, we must first understand hydrogen energy vehicles, specifically hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Although the core component of hydrogen power platform is called engine, it does not generate mechanical energy by burning gasoline (diesel) like a fuel vehicle, but directly generates electrical energy through electrochemical reaction to drive the vehicle, so it should be called fuel cell generator accurately.
To put it simply, hydrogen comes to the stack through the hydrogen storage tank, and electrochemical reaction occurs to generate current, which is transmitted to the direct-drive car or lithium battery that drives the motor to store electric energy. This is the basic working principle of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which is somewhat similar to the way that extended-range electric vehicles rely on engines to generate electricity and store energy or functions into motors.
Accordingly, the three technical modules of lime platform are also clear at a glance. The core of hydrogen platform (he) is hydrogen fuel cell engine; The core of the stack platform is the hydrogen fuel cell stack; The core of hydrogen storage platform is hydrogen storage tank. Moreover, the three are not parallel. Hydrogen fuel cell engine system contains hydrogen fuel cell stack, which is essentially a process from hydrogen storage tank to hydrogen fuel cell engine. However, because the core content of the stack is very important, it is conceptually called the stack platform (HS).
Let's talk about the stack platform, the core of which is composed of multiple groups of membrane electrodes and conductive plates (graphite or metal materials) used to produce electrochemical reactions. The main body also needs to cooperate with auxiliary work such as hydrogen and oxygen supply system, drainage system, heat removal system, electrical performance control system and safety device. This whole set is the core of the hydrogen power platform: the hydrogen fuel cell engine. The core of the hydrogen storage platform: the hydrogen storage tank, just like the fuel tank of a fuel truck, stores hydrogen and transports it to the stack.
As mentioned earlier, the hydrogen lime technology has realized the complete autonomy of the intellectual property rights of the six core technologies and products, namely "stack and components, fuel cell power generation and components (controllers, etc.). ), Ⅳ hydrogen storage bottle, high-pressure hydrogen storage valve, hydrogen safety and liquid hydrogen process ". Now let's split it into three technical platforms and see where the advantages lie.
Firstly, the membrane electrode, the core component of the stack platform, is the direct factor that determines the power of the hydrogen fuel cell generator, and its power density reaches 1.2W/cm2 (the international mainstream level is 1.04w/cm2). The platinum consumption is less than 0.3 mg/cm2 (the international mainstream Pt is less than 0.4 mg/cm2), which ensures the double effects of improving efficiency and reducing cost.
At present, the first generation single stack metal stack has been developed on the stack platform (HS), with rated power 150kW, peak power 160kW and power density above 4.2kw/L. For reference, the rated power1kloc-0/4kw of the first generation Toyota Mirai is 3. The rated power of the second generation Mirai single reactor is 128kW, and the power density is 5.4kw/L. ..
The first feature of the hydrogen platform (he) is that the legs of commercial vehicles and passenger cars move forward synchronously. At present, 100KW commercial vehicle engine and 95KW passenger vehicle engine are supported. The second feature is the many advantages of engine technology:
On-board dynamic monitoring of battery health (improving reliability)
Multivariable decoupling closed-loop control (improving environmental adaptability)
Integrated module of hydrogen injection and hydrogen circulation injection (reducing cost)
Intelligent control (improving efficiency)
Modular integration (increasing power density)
From the data point of view, the system efficiency of the whole machine still has a certain gap compared with foreign countries, and the power density is also at the leading level.
Hydrogen storage platform (HP) focuses on three parts:
1. hydrogen storage bottle (10 patent): dry winding technology, plastic liner molding, metal valve seat connection technology;
2. Bottle mouth valve (12 patent): multifunctional valve body structure (less than 20% parts) and ultra-low temperature sealing material (-60 degrees);
3. Pressure reducing valve (patent 18): multifunctional integrated (check valve, filter, distributor, etc. ) decompression module and advanced sealing material; ?
Its main advantage lies in the low cost and overall volume reduction brought by high integration. In addition, breakthroughs have been made in technologies such as IV hydrogen storage bottle and 70MPa high-pressure valve.
So what is the level of landing products that the hydrogen lime platform can finally expect at present? Take the mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicle as an example: Toyota Mirai II uses 128KW fuel cell, which takes 5 minutes to fill with hydrogen, and the cruising range of WLTP can reach 850km; Modern Nexo uses a 95kW fuel cell, which takes 5 minutes to fill with hydrogen, and the cruising range of WLTP is 666km. The world's first C-class hydrogen fuel cell SUV based on hydrogen lime technology, which will be launched this year, is equipped with a 95KW fuel cell. It only takes 3 minutes to fill with hydrogen, and the cruising range will reach 840km (unknown working condition).
From the data point of view, fuel cell power and fuel cell engine efficiency have not reached the global leading level, but considering that this is the level reached within five years, the future can still be expected. Looking back on the key words of hydrogen lime technology: high cost performance and full scene, although the current policy level and supporting level are not perfect, this pure new energy route may be the hope for the development of China brand hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the future.