1. Vernacular and annotations of the extracurricular reading of the original preface of the ancient medical text "Compendium of Materia Medica"
The original preface of "Compendium of Materia Medica": Chronicle title: Looking at the dragon's light, knowing the ancient sword; Treasure energy, pearl of discernment.
Therefore, it is impossible to sell sheep at the dawn of time. Later, the natural history was called Hua, the character was called Kang, and the precious jade was called Yidun, which was just Chen Xing Er.
Li Jundongbi from Chu Qiyang passed by the Yanshan Garden one day to pay homage to him and stayed to drink with him for several days. When I look at this person, he has a handsome appearance, a skinny body, and a lively talk. He is a person south of the True Beidou.
Explaining its appearance, there is nothing long-lasting, and there are dozens of volumes of "Compendium of Materia Medica". He said to Yu: "Shizhen, I am from Jingchu. When I was young, I was often sick, and my spine became blunt. When I grew up, I read books as if I were eating sugarcane syrup."
Then he fished and hunted for books and collected Baishi. Fanzi's historical classics and biographies, the sounds of farmyards, medical divination and horoscopes, and various schools of Yuefu have gained a little benefit, and they often write several words.
There is an ancient book called "Compendium of Materia Medica", which has been published since Emperor Yan of the Han, Liang, Tang and Song dynasties, and down through the dynasties, annotating that the Qun family was old. Secondly, there are countless errors and omissions, which are due to the ambition of the editor and the arrogance of the right to compile the narrative.
At the age of 30, he has passed more than 800 calligraphy examinations, and his manuscripts have been revised three times. Those who retaliate will be punished, those who fail will be arrested, and those who are guilty of corruption will be roped off.
In the old version, there were 1,518 kinds, and now there are 374 kinds of medicines. They are divided into 16 parts and written into 52 volumes. Although it is not a collection, it is still comprehensive. The name is "Compendium of Materia Medica". I would like to pray for you to be immortal.
I opened the book and played with it carefully. Each medicine label was renamed "gang", and the accompanying explanation was renamed "head", which is the beginning. The second step is to collect explanations, debate doubts, correct and incorrect, and detail the shapes of local products.
Secondly, it is based on smell, main treatment, and attached prescription, which can be used on the body. From the tomb scriptures on the top to the legends on the bottom, whatever is relevant is missing.
It's like entering the garden of the Golden Valley, where the colors are dazzling; like climbing into the palace of the Dragon King, where all the treasures are on display; like looking at the curling pot and jade mirror, where the hairs can be counted. It is broad but not complicated, detailed but important, comprehensively examines the essence, and looks directly into the abyss.
This is not just a medical book, it is also a subtle collection of practical principles, a general code of investigation of things, a secret record of the emperor, and a valuable treasure for the subjects. Li Jun is diligent and diligent in adding benefits.
Hey, don’t cut the jade apart, the noble and the purple will fall in love with each other, and the disadvantages will last for a long time. Therefore, to identify the bones of the chariot, one must seek advice from Lu Confucianism, who can learn the stone of Ji Zhi, and must visit a divination seller. Yu Fang wrote the "Yanzhou Yayan". There are few people who are as knowledgeable as the "Danqian Yayan", so how lucky is it to see this Ji Zai.
This is a collection of things that are hidden in stone chambers deep in the mountains. There is no place to hide them, so as to understand the taste of future generations in the world. "Tai Xuan" is like Ziyun. It was written by Wang Shizhen, a native of Shanzhou and Fengzhou, on the first day of the spring of Gengyin in Wanli.
Vernacular translation: According to records in ancient books, when you see the aura of the Longquan sword, you know where the ancient sword is (according to the "Book of Jin. Zhang Hua Biography"). When you see the treasure energy, you will know the existence of the pearl (details of the matter "Du Yang Zabian").
Unless a smart person (such as Confucius) would recognize such auspicious objects as Pingshi (a large fruit) and Shangyang (the name of a bird). For those who have a broad understanding of things, Zhang Hua should be recommended.
(Zhang Hua, a native of the Jin Dynasty, authored ten volumes of "Natural History"). As for the person who can clearly distinguish the meaning of words, it should be said to be Ji Kang.
(Ji Kang, a native of the Jin Dynasty, named Shuye, is the author of Ji Zhong San Ji). As for the person who is good at distinguishing gems and jade, it should be said that he is Yidun.
(Yidun, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period). But these people can only be considered the stars in the morning.
There was a man named Li Shizhen (also known as Dongbi) in Qiyang, Hubei (now Qichun County, Hubei). One day I met him in the mountains west of Longfu Temple in Taicang County, Jiangsu Province, and we drank together for several days.
I observed him carefully. His face was moist and lustrous, he was thin and energetic, and he spoke in a funny manner. Li Shizhen can be regarded as the number one person in the world south of the Big Dipper.
(This is a compliment to Li Shizhen) He unpacked his luggage and found nothing extra, only a dozens-volume "Compendium of Materia Medica". He said to me, "Shizhen is from Hubei. He was sickly when he was young. Naturally clumsy.
When I grew up, I loved reading classical works, as if I was eating honey, so I read widely, including works by hundreds of schools of thought, including Fanzi, history, classics, biographies, rhymes, farming, medical divination, astrology, Yuefu, etc. If you have any thoughts after reading it, write it down.
It turns out that there was a "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by Shennong from the Han, Liang, Tang, Song, and down to the present dynasty. There were many annotations on this book, but there were not a few errors and falsehoods in it. So I boldly and boldly vowed to take on the task of writing (this book) regardless of my ability.
After more than thirty years of hard work, more than 800 books were consulted, and the manuscript was revised three times. Duplicates are deleted, missing items are added, errors are corrected.
The old "Compendium of Materia Medica" has 1,518 species, now 374 species have been added, divided into 16 volumes, and compiled into 52 volumes. Although it is not completed, it is basically complete and signed "Compendium of Materia Medica". I hope you will write a preface to your book so that it will become immortal. ”
I opened the book and pondered it carefully (study), and saw that each medicine was labeled with the correct name "Gang" and another name "Module". Starting from the proof, I solved the problem in order, resolved doubts, and corrected it. Error, arrange the shapes of local plants, and then explain the functions according to their smell, indications, and prescriptions.
From ancient allusions to folk legends, there is nothing that cannot be described about medicine. Entering the Garden of the Golden Valley (the metaphor here is rich in content and countless beautiful things), there are many varieties and dazzling colors; it is also like ascending to the palace, where the treasures can be seen clearly; they are as exquisite as curling jade carvings.
It is rich but not complicated, and it is detailed but has key points. The comprehensive and thorough research can see the essence of things. How can this be just a medical book? It is really a great book that explains the profound principles of life and explains everything. Secret records are the treasures of the common people.
Li Shizhen has good intentions and works hard to benefit others! It takes too long to distinguish the true from the false. A large bone that can only be carried by a cart must wait for Confucius (detailed in "Guoyu.Luyu")
To understand the support stone of Vega, you must visit Yan Junping (Yan Junping) who sells divination. , Han Chinese, whose name is Zun, and whose profession is divination). I am writing "Jizhou Huyan", but unfortunately there are no descendants since "Danqian Huyan" (a textual textual research work written by Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty). p>
How lucky I am to see this "Compendium of Materia Medica"! It is not appropriate to hide this book in a cave in the mountains. Why not print it out for future generations to study like Yang Xiong (ziyun) The same as the "Tai Xuan Jing" written by Li Shizhen. Reference: /link?url=BkdMzd8j4qAi5B4IdLvK_eSZXauwPnVItYQNisuQDlvKaBYXmdGarifdPJrWikovBd3XbXw62MlOltpp56oliq. 2. Ask for the vernacular version of Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica"
Statue of Li Shizhen (Chiang Kai-shek) Drawn by Zhaohe) Li Shizhen (1518-1593), courtesy name Dong Bi, who in his later years called himself a native of Binhushan, was from Qizhou, Hubei (now Qizhou Town, Qichun County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province). He was of Han nationality. He was born in the 13th year of Zhengde, Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1518), and died in the 22nd year of Wanli, Shenzong. (A.D. 1593).
His father Li Yanwen was a famous local doctor. Li Shizhen inherited his family's medical knowledge, paid special attention to herbal medicine, and was rich in practical spirit and willing to learn from the working people.
When Li Shizhen was thirty-eight years old, he was summoned by the King of Chu in Wuchang to serve as the "Fengcizheng" of the royal palace and to take charge of the affairs of the Good Medical Clinic. Three years later, he was recommended to Beijing to serve as the imperial magistrate. The hospital was a medical institution dedicated to serving the palace. At that time, it was in trouble with some quack doctors. Li Shizhen only served here for one year before resigning and returning to his hometown.
Li Shizhen consulted eight books on medicine and academics in the past. More than 100 kinds, combined with own experience and investigation and research, it took 27 years to compile the book "Compendium of Materia Medica", which is a summary masterpiece of pharmacology in the Ming Dynasty of my country. It is highly praised both at home and abroad. It has been translated or abridged in several languages, and he has also written "Binhu Pulseology".
The Li family has been practicing medicine for generations, and his grandfather is the "Bell Doctor".
Father Li Yanwen, nicknamed Yuechi, is a famous local doctor.
At that time, the status of private doctors was very low. The Li family was often bullied by officials and gentry.
Therefore, his father decided to let his second son, Li Shizhen, study and take the exam so that he could succeed and stand out. Li Shizhen was frail and sickly since she was a child, but she had an upright and innocent personality and disdained the boring eight-part essay.
In the nine years since he was admitted as a scholar at the age of fourteen, he went to Wuchang three times to take the exam and his average ranking was lower than Sun Shan. Therefore, he gave up his plan to become an official in the imperial examination and concentrated on studying medicine. He asked his father for advice and expressed his determination: "My body is like a boat against the current, and my heart is stronger than iron and stone."
I hope that my father will fulfill my son's aspirations until death. Don't be afraid of difficulties." Li Yuechi finally woke up in the face of the cold facts, agreed to his son's request, and taught him carefully.
Within a few years, Li Shizhen became a very famous doctor. Inspired by his father, Li Shizhen realized that "reading thousands of books" is certainly necessary, but "traveling thousands of miles" is even more indispensable.
Therefore, he not only "searched for Baishi", but also "interviewed all parties" to conduct in-depth actual investigations. Li Shizhen put on straw sandals, carried a medicine basket, and accompanied by her apprentice Pang Xian and son Jianyuan, traveled far into the mountains and wilderness, visited famous doctors and scholars, searched for folk prescriptions, and observed and collected drug specimens.
He first conducted interviews in his hometown of Qizhou. Later, he went out for interviews many times.
In addition to Huguang, I have also been to many places in Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Anhui. I have also been to Mount Taihe in Junzhou.
Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province, which is rich in medicinal materials, and Sheshan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain and Niushou Mountain in Nanjing, may also have his footprints. Later generations wrote poems about this, "Products from far-off and remote places, adventures to explore the beauty of the foothills", reflecting his life of traveling long distances and interviewing people from all over.
Everywhere Li Shizhen went, she humbly asked all kinds of people. Among them are those who collect herbs, those who farm, those who fish, those who cut firewood, and those who hunt.
Enthusiastically help him learn about various medications. For example, brassica is a commonly used medicine for treating diseases.
But what does it look like? "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" can't explain it clearly, and various commentaries can't figure it out either. Li Shizhen asked an old man who grew vegetables. After his guidance and inspection of the real thing, he realized that brassica is actually rapeseed.
This kind of plant is sown in the first year and blooms in the second year. The seeds can be squeezed for oil. Therefore, this medicine was clearly explained in his "Compendium of Materia Medica". Chinese painting "Li Shizhen Collecting Medicines" Whether in interviews or in her own medicine garden, Li Shizhen paid great attention to observing the shape and growth of medicines.
Qi Snake is the white-flowered snake native to Qizhou. This medicine has the functions of treating wind paralysis, convulsions, tinea and leprosy.
Li Shizhen has been studying it for a long time. But at first, just observe from the snake traders.
An insider reminded him that it was caught from the mountains of Xingguozhou in the south of the Yangtze River and was not a real akid snake. So what does a real snake look like? He asked a snake catcher for advice.
The man told him that the tips of the snake's teeth were highly venomous. If a person is bitten, his limbs must be amputated immediately, otherwise he will die from poisoning.
It has special effects in treating the above-mentioned diseases, so it is very valuable. The state officials forced the people to risk their lives to catch him in order to pay tribute to the emperor.
Qizhou is so big, in fact, only the real Qi snake can be found on Longfeng Mountain in the north of the city. Li Shizhen wanted to find out the truth and wanted to observe the snake with his own eyes, so he asked the snake catcher to take him to Longfeng Mountain.
There is a Suanni Cave there, surrounded by rugged rocks and thick bushes. Heather vines twining around shrubs are everywhere.
Akid snakes like to eat the flowers and leaves of heather vines, so they live in this area. Li Shizhen ignored the danger and searched everywhere.
With the help of the snake catcher, I finally saw the snake with my own eyes and saw the whole process of catching and preparing the snake. Because of this in-depth practical investigation, when he later wrote about the white-flowered snake in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", he was able to speak concisely and accurately.
It is said that the shape of the Ki snake is: "a dragon's head and a tiger's mouth, with black matter and white flowers, twenty-four square shengwen on its flanks, a rosary spot on its belly, four long teeth at its mouth, and a Buddha's fingernail on its tail, which is one or two cents long." , the intestines are shaped like strings of beads." The process of catching and making akid snakes is: "They often eat their flowers and leaves on heather vines, and people find them by scattering a handful of sand first, and then they will not move, so they can pick them up with a fork.
Use a rope to hang it up, cut the abdomen with a knife to remove the intestines, then wash the abdomen with the tail, cover the wound, then use the bamboo support to fix it, bend it up, and tie it to the kang stem. " At the same time, the difference between the Qi snake and the white snake from other places was also clarified: "Those who leave Qi land are dry but their eyesight is not sunken, but those who live elsewhere are not."
This clearly describes the Qi snake All situations are, of course, aided by meticulous on-the-spot investigation. Li Shizhen understands medicines and is not satisfied with a superficial investigation. Instead, she looks at them one by one and compares them with the actual objects.
This clarified many specious and ambiguous drugs. In his words, "Looking at them one by one, they are quite true", "listing all the items and looking at them repeatedly".
At that time, the "Langmei" produced in the Wulong Palace in Mount Taihe (Wudang Mountain) in Taiyue was said by Taoist priests to have eaten "the fairy fruit that can lead to immortality." They picked it back every year and paid tribute to the emperor.
The government strictly prohibits others from picking. Li Shizhen didn't believe the Taoist priests' lies and wanted to try it himself to see what effect it had.
So, despite the objections of the Taoist priests, he took the risk and picked one. After research, it was found that its effect is the same as that of ordinary peaches and apricots. It can produce fluid and quench thirst. It is a deformed elm tree fruit and has no special effects.
The dace is the pangolin we call today.