A capsule of Bletilla striata contains 3, ~ 5, seeds, and the germination rate is less than 5% under natural conditions. At present, Shaanxi, Guizhou and other places have sown in protected seedbeds, and achieved high germination rate, which provides a shortcut for the large-scale production of Bletilla striata seedlings. However, in the process of direct seeding, it is difficult for people to control the seedbed substrate, light, temperature and water, and it is difficult to control pests such as earthworms, grubs and grubs, as well as moss. In the end, the direct seeding of Bletilla striata seeds in greenhouses in many places will be difficult to grow seedlings or there will be fewer surviving seedlings.
In view of this, the direct seeding experiment of Bletilla striata seeds was carried out in the greenhouse base of Hubei Jinshuiyuan Food Development Co., Ltd.. After 3 ~ 4 years of experiments, the direct seeding and domestication of Bletilla striata seeds in greenhouse were successful. This study provides sufficient seedling source for Bletilla striata reproduction and opens up a new way for rapid sexual reproduction. The direct seeding technology of Bletilla striata seeds is summarized as follows.
1 Pre-sowing treatment
1.1 Seed collection and storage
Harvest full and complete ripe fruit pods of Bletilla striata in autumn, remove flat, black, dark yellow and fruit pods with pests and diseases, and air dry. Before sowing, keep it in a dry, cool and ventilated room.
1.2 sowing method and time
The direct sowing time of Bletilla striata seeds in greenhouse should be from the end of March to the beginning of April, and the sowing amount should be 15. ~ 22.5 kg/hm2. Remove the pods, put the seeds in a box with three sealed sides and no holes, wrap the unsealed side with non-woven fabric with smaller aperture, invert the box, and evenly spread the seeds on the compartment surface, with the humidity of the seedbed being 7% ~ 8%. Spraying 225kg of comprehensive probiotic aqueous solution (effective microbial content: 3 billion cfu/ml, comprehensive probiotic ∶ water = 1 ml ∶ 15 g) per hectare to cultivate microorganisms. After sowing, it is sealed with a small plastic arch shed.
1.3 base selection
The drainage around the shed is good, and it is not easy to accumulate water in the shed, and the water source is sufficient, away from pollution sources. The bottom of the seedbed is made of humus and sandy loam with rich organic matter and loose soil and good drainage. The seedbed environment is good, the soil is loose and fertile, and it is not easy to accumulate water, and the surface layer is made of substrate with good water retention.
1.4 seedbed arrangement
Before sowing, clear the stubble roots in the seedbed, dig up the soil for 15-25 cm, make a compartment, and open a drainage ditch with a depth of 2cm and a width of 15～25cm. Spraying 225kg of fenpropathrin (47.5% of cyanogen, 47.5% of chlorpyrifos and 52.25% of total effective components) and fenpropathrin mixed water solution (fenpropathrin: water = 1ml: 2ml: 75g) on the surface of the compartment to kill insects. Tile 2 ~ 3 cm with sterilized wet substrate. The substrate is pre-soaked with about 2.1 ml/g comprehensive probiotic aqueous solution (effective microbial content is 3 billion cfu/ml).
2 Management after sowing
2.1 Weeding
Weeding at any time, except early and small. Weeding by hand is adopted in the germination stage of seeds, and weeding by hand or special herbicides (such as quizalofop-ethyl) can be adopted in the following year.
2.2 Bletilla striata seedling management
After sowing for 3 ~ 5 months, check the number of seedlings and spacing seedlings to promote the growth of underground tubers. Irrigation in time during drought. Before the seeds turn green, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 15 ~ 35℃; After the seeds germinate, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 15 ~ 25℃. After germination, it is hot in summer, and the plastic shed is removed.
3 pest control
3.1 pests
The direct seeding pests of Bletilla striata seeds generally include earthworms, grubs, grubs, etc. In the morning or evening, 225kg of mixed aqueous solution of fenpropathrin and fenpropathrin (fenpropathrin: water = 1 ml: 2 ml) are sprayed on the compartment surface.
3.2 Harm of moss
Bletilla striata seeds emerge slowly by direct seeding, and it is easy to appear moss in humid environment for a long time. Use 2% ~ 5% copper sulfate aqueous solution to spray the moss on the compartment surface or control the temperature, humidity and light in the shed.
4 fertilizer and water management
from October to November after germination, clean weeds are removed, and 225kg of Huabao No.4 aqueous solution (Huabao No.4: water = ＝1g∶6g) is sprayed per hectare every week. After spraying Huabao No.4 aqueous solution every week, 225kg of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids (amino acids ≥ 1 g/L; Cu＋Mn＋Zn＋B≥2g／L）。
in addition, 6 weeks before the small arch shed is removed, 18g of potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed every hectare every 1d. After the aerial part of the seedling reaches 2cm, 2g of rooting powder is added to the aqueous solution of potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 2 ~ 3 days.
5 Transplanting and domestication
In the second to third year, the soil was transplanted into the greenhouse for domestication. The greenhouse was disinfected with 5 times diluted solution of 5% carbendazim in advance, and 2,25 kg of mixed water solution of fenpropathrin and fenpropathrin was sprayed per hectare to kill insects and weed, and 2,25 kg of comprehensive probiotic water solution (comprehensive probiotic: water = 1 ml ∶ 15 g) was sprayed.