Overview
Skateboard is the originator of the history of extreme sports, and many extreme sports are extended from skateboarding. Skateboarding, which evolved from surfing in the late 195s and early 196s, has now become the coolest sport on earth. The skills of skateboarding mainly include: THE AERIAL (on the slide bar), THE INVERT (on the U-stage) and THE OLLIE (take-off with a board). These skills can be said to be the most important skateboarding movements besides turning over. Two important international skateboarding organizations in the world: International Association of Skateboard Companies (IASC)J and WORLD CUP SKATEBOARDING (WCS).
The history of skateboarding
On the other side of the Pacific Ocean in the late 195s, the descendants of Edison, who were good at invention and creation, more or less turned the fantasy of ancient Chinese people into reality. In the early 195s, the west coast of the United States was a place where trendsetters tried their best. They use surfboards made of ordinary wood and expensive balsa wood to have fun on the cusp. By the mid-195s, molded polyurethane foam and fiberglass had replaced wooden surfboards. The mobility and durability of these new surfboards made surfing very popular in the late 195s.
skateboarding is an extension of surfing on land. The former is limited by geographical and climatic conditions, while the latter has greater freedom. Residents of the sunny beach community in southern California soon made the world's first skateboard.
Today, it is a rather primitive invention: a board of 5*5CM is fixed on the iron wheel of roller skating. Even such a simple exercise device has aroused people's interest because it can provide the same psychological feeling brought by surfing.
however, due to the backwardness of this first generation skateboard (the board is too heavy, inflexible, the steering mechanism is insensitive, the wheels are too slippery, etc.), skateboarding has not been as popular as it is today. This earliest skateboard can be seen in the skateboarding video program Ban This.
the second generation skateboard was born in 1962. This is made up of 15*6 cm laminated oak board, roller-skating steering bridge and plastic wheels. Compared with the first generation skateboard, this kind of skateboard is undoubtedly a technological leap. However, the performance of the plastic wheel of this skateboard is still very unsatisfactory. His too small adhesion friction makes the skateboard out of control when turning sharply; His low elasticity is that the skateboard will come to a sudden stop when it encounters even a small obstacle, and the skater will fall off. At the same time, his wear resistance is too poor. Nevertheless, this kind of skateboard is still widely welcomed by skaters. After all, compared with the previous generation skateboard, it has evolved to a great extent, and the relatively wide board surface makes it easier for skaters to stand and manipulate. Most skateboards sold in China now belong to this second generation product.
In 1973, a skateboarder named Frank Nasworthy put polyurethane wheels on his skateboard for the first time and achieved unexpected results. He immediately began to sell this kind of wheel called "Cadillac" to his skateboarding friends. This flexible wheel is not only wear-resistant, but also can make the skateboard turn safely and steadily, and easily run over small obstacles on the ground. The third generation skateboard was invented like this. Because skateboarding was derived from surfing, skateboarding culture in the early 197s was basically a culture with surfing marks. Skateboarding enthusiasts and the builders of skateboarding parks initially built a lot of terrain to simulate surfing. Later, they finally realized that because skateboarding has less resistance and lighter weight than surfboards, they can build terrain that is different from surfing and more suitable for skateboarding to achieve greater speed, mobility and self-expression ability.
the "West wind" skateboarding team in Santa Monica, California, used the abandoned keyhole swimming pool as a venue for practicing vertical surface skateboarding, which formed a swimming pool search craze in California for a time. From then on, skateboarding and surfing were completely separated not only from equipment, venues, but also from personnel, and became a prominent force. Instead of surfing, this new army devoted itself to skateboarding and began to form its own language, skills, clothing style and music hobbies. Formed a new, city-oriented skateboarding secondary culture.
the mid-197s saw the rapid development of the third generation skateboard. Predict that a new type of sports will emerge as the times require, countless small skateboarding companies established by skateboarders and surfers have mushroomed and started to compete comprehensively in technical quality. The potential of polyurethane wheels is fully tapped. The continuously improved polyurethane wheels enhance the adhesion friction of the skateboard, increase the speed and even slide on the vertical surface.
in addition, the research and development of skateboard materials has reached the point of poverty. Hard plastic, aluminum alloy, glass fiber, and even high-tech carbon composite materials are used to trial-produce skateboards. Finally, Canada Sugar Maple, which has good impact resistance and light weight, has taken on the historical mission of a new generation of skateboard materials.
In addition, the polyurethane wheel invented by Powell and the concave skateboard tail patented by Stevenson make the third generation skateboard by going up one flight of stairs.
at the end of 198s, due to the development of skateboarding itself and the improvement of skaters' requirements for skateboarding skills, and in order to meet the needs of two-way sliding of the U-shaped pool, a kind of skateboard with two tilted ends and symmetrical shape appeared, which is the fourth generation skateboard. At present, only skaters use the fourth skateboard. The fourth generation skateboard is changed to hard rock maple, which has lighter weight and better elasticity. The skateboard wheel has high hardness and good elasticity, which is more suitable for high-speed sliding. Because of the balance of weight, the fourth generation skateboard is more suitable for all kinds of overturning actions.
in the early 199s, skateboarding entered a low point. Because it is in the period of skateboarding replacement, skateboarding has changed from one end to two ends, so there are many actions that the previous generation skateboarding could not complete. This period is the technical tricks era of skateboarding. The skaters invented many new moves. At the same time, in order to make the skateboard easier to turn over, the skateboard surface becomes very narrow and the wheels become very small. A typical skateboard in this period is only 7 inches wide, while the wheel diameter is only about 39 mm. Although such a skateboard is easier to make complex movements, the smaller wheels hinder its sliding performance.
skateboarding culture
With the development of skateboarding, skateboarding technology is catching up with its ancestor surfing. Alan Gelfand invented the ollie, which made skateboarding pay more attention to high-tech performances and produced many stars such as Tony Hawk and Steven Caballero. Touring brand promotion activities organized by skateboarders and famous companies have brought great benefits to businesses and have become a common method of industrial marketing. Skateboarders' earthy clothes and nostalgic sneakers once became the world trend, and the related music (new wave music, Punk, hipop) also reached its peak. Its language, skills, costumes and music constitute a unique skateboarding culture. There are as many as 4.5 million skateboarders in America! Skateboarding was too thrilling and exciting. In the 196s, skateboarding was strictly prohibited by the government and was once reduced to an "underground project". It was not until the mid-198s that the skateboarding project was publicly lifted by the government, which made this urban magic sport come back. Skateboarding superstar Tony Hawker and Andy McDonald are undoubtedly the same super idols as Jordan and Sampras in the eyes of many young people.
types of skateboards
1. recreational skateboards are used for beginners' fitness exercises. Beginners should choose a flat skating ground, and wear elbow pads, wrist pads, knee pads, helmets and other protective gear when skating.
2. Sports
Sports skateboarding is suitable for skateboarders with high skating skills. Because athletes have to do all kinds of difficult movements and tricks, the strength and various performance indexes of all parts of sports skateboard should meet the use requirements.
Second, the structure of the skateboard
The skateboard is mainly composed of a bracket, a buffer sleeve, wheels, a lock nut, a buffer pad, a bracket seat, a pedal and the like.
III. Performance indicators
1. Wheels:
When selecting materials, it should be considered that they are suitable for different site pavements, such as floor pavements, cement pavements and asphalt pavements. No matter what road surface you slide on, the wheels should have good elasticity, wear resistance and moderate hardness, and also ensure that the wheels have enough friction coefficient on the road surface.
2. Cushion pad and sleeve:
It mainly plays the role of cushioning and shock absorption. One is to play a damping role when the road surface is uneven; The second is to protect the parts when there is a large amount of exercise; The third is to keep the body in balance.
3. Pedal:
It's made of excellent wood laminated boards. It has high strength, impact toughness and good elasticity. When jumping on the skateboard at a certain height, the pedal is guaranteed not to be damaged.
IV. Safety precautions
1. Adjust the wheels before use to make them run freely.
2. Adjust the elasticity of the cushion reasonably with the lock nut according to your own usage.
3. Oil the bearing regularly to increase the lubrication of the bearing and reduce the sliding resistance.
4. Beginners need to slide on the slope with small inclination angle with the help of relatives and friends, and gradually change different slopes with the improvement of technical level.
5. Don't slide on the wet or rough road. When you want to jump off the skateboard, see if you can bump into people or other objects around you.
6. If replacement parts are needed, the replacement parts should be of the same specification and model as the original parts.
skateboarding parts
it is very important to choose the right equipment for skateboarding. Skateboards are made up of several different parts. The parts are different due to the terrain and mode of skateboarding. Generally speaking, the skateboard is composed of the following parts:
1. deck, which is generally made of five-layer, seven-layer and nine-layer maple boards by microwave cold pressing. There are also panels made of aluminum alloy, carbon fiber and other materials. At present, the board face, the board head and the board tail are all tilted. Personally, my favorite board type is a board with a size of 2cm*81cm and a slightly round head. The board surface above 22cm can basically be regarded as a U-pool board surface, and its board can accommodate more feet, making it more stable on the U-pool. Most boards of about 19cm are used in flat road conditions. After the sub-type boards are equipped with small wheels, they can move flexibly and quickly. In addition, different companies' boards and footwells have different depths. Some skaters like the board with deep footwell, which makes it easier to make the movements related to turning the board, and it is more stable when doing OLLIE.
2. one piece of griptape, which is stuck on the upper surface of the board to increase the friction with the sole and facilitate the control of the skateboard.
3. truck, two in number, are metal parts, which are fixed under the board surface, and wheels are mounted on the bridges. The bridge can make the child turn, and can adjust its turning speed and angle.
Bridges play an important role in the performance of skateboards. At present, most of the bridges produced in the United States are made of special aluminum alloys, and almost no longer break. Skateboarding bridges have different spans, such as 126mm,129mm,134mm,139mm,146mm, etc. Skateboarding bridges with different spans, with different widths of boards, make skateboarding more flexible and easier to control. The height of the bridge is also different. Higher bridges are suitable for installing large wheels, and lower bridges are suitable for installing smaller wheels, so that they will be more comfortable to slide, and it is less likely that the wheels will hit the board when bending or the main bridge nails will break due to excessive bending.
INDY, VENTURE, DESTRUCTO, THUNDER, ORION, GRINDKING, TITAN (Nissan) and other bridges are all good. INDY is known as the king of bridges, and its quality is self-evident. VENTURE is also used by quite a few people in the United States. DESTRUCTO is the best-selling bridge in America and my personal favorite bridge. DESTRUCTO is very smooth when doing the actions of sliding the bridge on the round bar (for example, 5/5, 5/, K-GRIND, etc.), and it is very stable. The PU cushion of ORION's bridge is so good that it can be as hard as a stone when it is tightened, and it will not explode no matter how it is used. GRINDKING's bridge is the lightest, but the steel bar in its middle axle is not very hard, it will bend if it jumps too much, and it is not wear-resistant, but its main bridge nail is quite good, which is the reverse type. TITAN, according to friends who have seen it, is very good, beautiful, light and rust-proof, but it is a little more expensive than ordinary bridges.
4. Four skateboard wheel, made of polyurethane. Wheels come in different diameters, shapes and hardness. Small wheels start quickly, but have insufficient stamina and are suitable for skills; Large wheels can slide on uneven ground more easily.
skateboarding wheels are also very easy to talk about. In addition to the accuracy of bearings (such as ABEC1, ABEC3, ABEC5, ABEC7, etc.), it depends on the performance of wheels.
First of all, the hardness. Skateboard wheels are usually made of polyurethane. The hardness of the wheels varies with the proportion of polyurethane in the wheels. Wheels with hardness of 85A(A refers to hardness) are relatively soft, suitable for sliding on rough roads, and the sound is extremely low when sliding, which is a good choice for friends who like pedal shopping. However, the wheel of 85A is not wear-resistant because it is soft, and it is easy to break the spacer when doing actions such as sideslip braking. Generally, 97A-13A wheels are used by skaters nowadays. This kind of wheel with hardness is suitable for smooth marble and flat road, as well as props such as U pool and platform jumping. There is no sound in a smooth and flat place, such as the wheel of 85A. But in rough places and on the U-pool, there will be a loud rumble (this kind of sound often makes the wrench's blood boil). Transparent or semitransparent wheels use 13A unintentionally, which is too hard and will burst. It is best to use it only on props made of all WOOD materials.
Secondly, the diameter, 38-4mm wheels are rarely used now. This kind of wheel starts quickly and accelerates, but it has little stamina. It is only suitable for very flat roads, and its characteristic is that it is quite flexible. Friends who like small movements can try it. 45mm-5mm wheels are the most suitable wheels for road type. fifty-two