2011 Fujian Longyan High School Entrance Examination Chemistry Questions and Reference Answers
Longyan City 2011 High School Entrance Examination Chemistry Questions and Answers (word version)
1. Multiple choice questions (this question includes 10 questions, ***30 points. Each question has only one correct option)
1. Which of the following chemical changes in daily life are ( )
A. Lift the bicycle
B. Make briquettes from pulverized coal
C. Use vinegar to remove scale
D. Use sandpaper to remove the scale on the surface of the iron sheet Iron powder
2. Scientists have found that eating foods rich in vitamins has better protection against electromagnetic radiation. The following foods are rich in fiber ( )
A. Carrot B. Milk C. Tofu D. Rice
3. In 2011, it was designated as "International Chemistry" by the 63rd United Nations General Assembly. Year". UNESCO points out that chemistry plays a major role in developing alternative energy sources and protecting the environment. The following measures are not conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental improvement. ( )
A. Develop solar and wind energy B. Implement the “plastic restriction order”
C. Promote ethanol gasoline D. Burn straw
4. The following experiments The incorrect operation is ( )
5. Use molecular knowledge to explain the following phenomena in life. The incorrect operation is ( )
A "The aroma of wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley", It shows that molecules are constantly moving
B. Thermal expansion and contraction, which shows that the size of molecules changes as the temperature rises and falls
C. The volume after mixing 10mL alcohol and 10mL water is less than 20mL, indicating that there are gaps between the molecules
D. Wet clothes are easier to dry in summer than in winter, indicating that the movement rate of molecules accelerates as the temperature increases
6. Which of the following statements about the properties and uses of substances is incorrect ( )
A. Oxygen is used in rocket launches to utilize the flammability of oxygen
B. Nitrogen Used to protect food, it uses nitrogen to have stable chemical properties at room temperature
C. Rare gases are filled into neon lights, which uses rare gases to energize to emit light of different colors
D. Carbon dioxide is used To extinguish fires, we use its physical and chemical properties
7. CCTV's "Focus Interview" program once reported that the substance commonly known as "a drop of incense" is toxic to the human body and is prohibited from being used as a food additive. Eating food processed by the following methods will not endanger human health ( )
A. Drinking wine prepared with industrial alcohol B. Milk with melamine added
C. Used with formaldehyde Soaked seafood D. Food refrigerated with dry ice
8. The leaves of a pot of jasmine in the classroom of Grade 9 (5) in a school turned yellow and showed signs of illness. Which of the following conjectures raised by the students is not true ( )
A. There is a lack of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil B. The pH of the soil is inappropriate
C. The carbon dioxide content in the classroom is too high D. The classroom There is lack of sunlight in the room
9. The operation of the fun experiment of "Magic Wand Lighting" is as follows: take a small amount of potassium permanganate crystals and place them on a watch glass, and add 2 to 3 drops of concentrated potassium permanganate on the potassium permanganate. Dip the sulfuric acid into the glass rod and touch it to the wick of the alcohol lamp. The alcohol lamp will be ignited immediately. The main reason why you think the alcohol lamp can be lit is ( )
A. The "magic wand" has the magical power to light the alcohol lamp
B. Potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid The mixture can lower the ignition point of the alcohol lamp and cause the alcohol to burn spontaneously
C. A chemical reaction occurs between them, releasing a large amount of heat, causing the temperature to reach the ignition point of the alcohol
D. A chemical reaction occurs between them, producing a large amount of oxygen. Alcohol can spontaneously burn in an environment with high oxygen concentration
10. As shown in the picture on the right, A, B, C, D, and E are copper oxide respectively. , dilute hydrochloric acid, calcium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, and one of carbon dioxide. The two connected circles in the picture indicate that the corresponding substances can react. It is known that bubbles appear in the reactions of A and D.
Then the following statement is correct ( )
A. The reaction between A and C is a neutralization reaction B. B and Pentyl are both oxides
C. The reaction between C and D will produce white color Precipitation D. The reaction of D and E is a chemical reaction
2. Fill in the blanks and short answers (this question contains 5 questions, ***40 points)
11. (6 points) in life Many commonly used utensils are enameled utensils. Enamel refers to coating the surface of a steel body with ceramic and sintering it at high temperature. This not only makes the appliance beautiful, but also protects the internal steel body.
(1) Enamel belongs to .
A. Metal material B. Inorganic metal material C. Synthetic material D. Composite material
(2) When a collision occurs, the ceramics on the surface of the enamelware are easy to fall off, and the ceramics on the surface of the enamelware are easily exposed after damage. The green body is easy to rust. To extend the service life of damaged enamelware, one remedial measure can be adopted.
(3) Pickled fish (the soup is highly acidic) is a specialty of a certain place. It is usually served in enamel utensils instead of stainless steel pots when served. The main reason is that.
12. (8 points) The use of industrial coal to produce ethylene glycol (an important chemical raw material) has very broad prospects because of its low cost, low energy consumption, and low emissions. The preparation process is as follows: Shown on the right. Answer the following questions:
(1) The microscopic diagram of the "gas production" process is as follows. The chemical equation for preparing syngas is .
(2) Syngas has reducing properties and can be used to smelt steel. Please write a chemical equation for the reaction between synthesis gas and Fe2O3: .
(3) Syngas can synthesize different substances under the action of different catalysts. The substances that cannot be obtained using only synthesis gas as raw material are (fill in the alphabetical number).
A. Oxalic acid (HOOCCOOH) B. Methanol (CH3OH) C Urea [CO (NH2) 2]
(4) From coal directly as fuel to using coal to produce ethylene dioxide Alright, that's what you've learned.
13. (6 points) After the "salt grabbing" crisis occurred in some areas, the Chinese government promptly issued an announcement stating that the possibility of a nuclear accident contaminating my country's sea areas is extremely small, and more than 85% of my country's salt is Lake salt (from inland salt lakes) rather than sea salt. It is known that the main component of raw salt lake salt is NaCl, and also contains sediment, Glauber's salt, etc. The picture on the right shows the solubility curves of Glauber's salt and sodium chloride. Please answer:
(1) When the saturated sodium sulfate solution at t°C is cooled to 40°C, crystals will precipitate in the solution
(fill in "yes" or "no").
(2) In order to remove the sediment in the original salt, the original salt can be dissolved first and then removed through operation.
(3) The method of "collecting salt in summer and fishing for saltpeter in winter" can be used to separate Glauber's salt and table salt in the lake water. The chemical principle of this method is .
14. (11 points) Pollutants (radioactive iodine atoms) are often leaked during nuclear accidents. In order to avoid nuclear radiation, 100 mg (non-radioactive iodine atoms) need to be taken orally at one time to saturate the iodine in the human thyroid gland and no longer absorb external iodine, thus playing a protective role. Please answer:
(1) is an iodine atom with 53 protons and 78 neutrons. The number of electrons outside the nucleus of this atom is .
The relationship between (2) and the two is .
A. The same element B. The same substance C. The same molecule D. The same atom
(3) Assuming that the environment is polluted, by taking iodine Can the method of using table salt (note: the iodine in iodized table salt is) effectively achieve the purpose of avoiding nuclear radiation?
Check the information The mass of salt consumed by adults per day is usually 6g; the label of a certain type of iodized salt is as shown in the picture.
Problem Analysis: In 500g of this brand of table salt, the maximum mass of iodine contained is
Conclusion Daily consumption of iodized salt (fill in "can" or "cannot") can prevent nuclear radiation, and the reason is.
15. (9 points) Student A organized the following knowledge about salt.
(1) The arrangement of the above salts is summarized and organized according to the order.
(2) The above salts have certain chemical properties due to their similar composition. For example, they can react with BaCl2 solution to form barium sulfate precipitate. The chemical equation of this reaction is (optional) One type of salt will do).
(3) After reviewing the information, Student A found that many reactions produce salts. He organized the interrelationships between these knowledges into the figure on the right. Please complete a and b in the figure on the right.
(4) Student B proposed that the picture on the right can be used as a guide to prepare substances: Please write two chemical reaction equations related to the production of ferrous sulfate.
Answer:
3. Experiment and exploration (2 small questions in this major question, ***20 points)
16. (10 points) A certain interest The team uses the following devices to conduct research on laboratory preparation methods and related properties of O2 and CO2.
(1) Write the names of the following numbered instruments: ① ②.
(2) Student A used dilute hydrochloric acid and marble to react in device B, and observed purple litmus test solution in the beaker
(filling phenomenon)
(3) Student B wants to use KMnO4 solid to produce O2. He should choose (fill in the number) in the picture above. The chemical equation of this reaction is; Student A also tested the collected gas. Please write down the operation and phenomenon.
17. (10 points) When a chemistry interest group in a rural middle school carried out experimental activities, they used mountain spring water to prepare sodium hydroxide solution. As a result, the solution obtained after several times of preparation became turbid. After a while, white sediment also appeared at the bottom of the container. Students in the interest group conducted the following research on this strange phenomenon:
Asked the question: Why does the sodium hydroxide solution prepared with mountain spring water appear turbid, and what is the white precipitate?
Make a guess: I. The sodium hydroxide sample is impure and contains insoluble impurities;
II. Sodium hydroxide reacts with a substance dissolved in mountain spring water to form a substance that is insoluble in water. substance.
(1) Xiao Ming quickly eliminated conjecture I through experiments. His experiment was .
Check the information: Local mountain spring water is hard water and contains more calcium bicarbonate. Calcium bicarbonate [Ca(HCO3)2] will decompose when heated, and can also react with sodium hydroxide, and both will produce calcium carbonate.
(2) Xiaohong took a small amount of mountain spring water in a beaker, added an appropriate amount of soapy water, stirred, observed the
phenomenon, and confirmed that the mountain spring water was taken It's hard water.
(3) Xiao Ming and Xiao Hong conducted experiments on the calcium carbonate contained in the obtained sediment:
(4) The mountain spring water can be used for Prepare sodium hydroxide solution.
IV. Calculation and analysis (***10 points)
18. (10 points) Human gastric juice contains a small amount of HCl. Under normal circumstances, the pH of gastric juice is 0.8~1.5. The corresponding mass fraction of solute containing HCl is 0.2%~0.4%. Too much or too little gastric acid is not good for human health. A person has symptoms of nausea and vomiting sour water. After examination, the mass fraction of HCl in his gastric juice is 1.495% (the density of gastric juice is about 1g/cm3).
(1) If the total volume of human gastric juice is about 100mL, please complete the following table:
The mass range of HCl in gastric juice under normal circumstances
This patient The mass of HCl in gastric juice
The minimum mass of HCl that the patient needs to remove is
(2) The doctor prescribed a bottle of Weosupin to the patient (each tablet contains 0.39g of aluminum hydroxide ), and the patient is asked to take 2 tablets each time. According to the chemical equation, please calculate the mass of HCl that is removed after taking the tablets? (The chemical equation of the reaction is Al(OH)3+3HCl==AlCl3+H2O)
The doctor also reminded that this stomach medicine should not be overdosed. The possible reasons are. (Just a few answers