First, you can't borrow money from the bank.
2. The system of small and medium-sized enterprises is not perfect and the management level is not high. They urgently need the support of the financial sector, key industries and key products. But there are some enterprises. There are too many examination and approval links in the credit management system and supervision mechanism of state-owned commercial banks, involving loans as high as 300 million yuan, which is less for local enterprises.
Reduce the burden, the loss of bank funds has nothing to do with local governments. Over time. When banks apply for enforcement, they have to pay a certain enforcement fee. In the end, banks often lose more than they gain. Because bankrupt enterprises have no low debts and pay them back in order, when it is the bank's turn, there is very little money left, which can't make up for the loan losses at all. Because of this, for some enterprises in trouble, although banks can "revive" as soon as they "pull", how dare banks inject more financial assistance? Once new loans are added, they will go bankrupt again. Who will protect the creditor's rights of banks?
Second, how should financial institutions support the development of SMEs?
Through the above analysis, it is found that the factors that affect the loan difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises are not simple and superficial, but complex and deep-seated, and some problems cannot be solved by grass-roots banks. The author thinks that we should focus on solving the problems of banks and enterprises from the following three aspects, so as to better provide financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises.
(A) to establish a bank credit support system suitable for the financing characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises
1, change the traditional concept, establish a brand-new service concept, and correctly understand the nature of the relationship between banks and enterprises. The relationship between enterprises and banks is interdependent, mutually reinforcing and contradictory. Loan interest income is the main source of bank profits. From this perspective, enterprises are the life of banks. Therefore, banks and bankers must establish the concept of serving enterprises and the concept of production. In the end, it is necessary to ensure the sustained and faster development of enterprises. Supporting enterprise development means social progress, and it also means supporting the bank's own business.
2. Adjust the business strategy and change the marketing strategy of SMEs. Commercial banks must further change their concepts, do not "love the poor and love the rich", and put support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in an important position. Commercial banks should adjust their business strategies and reposition their markets according to their own conditions and characteristics. When selecting customers, we should focus on enterprises with market products, high technology content, great development potential and good comprehensive benefits, especially small and medium-sized technology enterprises that are in line with the current active guidance and support of the country. As long as the legal representative has a good reputation, the enterprise products have a potential market and conform to the national industrial policy, it is necessary to boldly lend support; For enterprises with existing credit relations, good reputation, strong financial awareness and optimistic business prospects, but temporarily poor benefits, they can help enterprises turn losses into profits as soon as possible through trade financing, closed loans and short-term credit business under the premise of implementing repayment guarantee conditions; For enterprises with non-performing loans, banks should provide information and suggestions for enterprises, help enterprises to restructure, and strive to revitalize non-performing loans.
3. Improve the credit system, expand credit ideas and guarantee methods, and increase the selectivity and feasibility of financing for small enterprises. For example, in the choice of credit methods, we don't stick to loan methods, and actively handle bank acceptance bills, bank and commercial bill discounts, packaged loans and so on. According to the different business needs and risk control methods of enterprises; In the choice of collateral, we should abandon the narrow choice of certificates of deposit, real estate and land in the past, and actively handle inventory pledge, movable property pledge, equity pledge, intangible assets pledge, life insurance policy pledge, patent pledge, imported goods pledge, brand use right pledge and so on.
4. Appropriately delegate the loan approval authority, further simplify the loan investigation, review and approval procedures, and enhance the timeliness of financing for small enterprises. First, actively promote the credit line, simplify the approval procedures within the bank, and appropriately increase the proportion of loans for SMEs; Carry out one-stop service of the green channel system for excellent credit enterprises; Summary of information and approval procedures of two or more credit enterprises. The second is to establish a scientific management mechanism with symmetrical constraints and incentives to achieve the dual purposes of credit risk constraints and efficiency. Third, the order of credit loans and mortgage loans should be handled flexibly. For small enterprises with great potential for technological transformation projects, but insufficient funds to purchase equipment or update factories, loans can be given in the form of "credit first and mortgage later".
(2) The regulatory authorities should step up the reform and innovation of banking financial institutions.
As a banking supervision department, in the process of supervision, first, we should vigorously promote the comprehensive reform of state-owned commercial banks, actively promote their branches to change their operating mechanisms, strengthen internal management, strengthen marketing, and comprehensively improve service quality and level in accordance with the working idea of CBRC. At the same time, actively do a good job in the preparation for the reform of rural credit cooperatives within its jurisdiction, continue to do a good job in the supervision of rural credit cooperatives within its jurisdiction, and maintain the continuity of management during the transitional period of rural credit cooperatives reform. Second, actively promote banking institutions to enhance their awareness of innovation, accelerate the pace of reform, and enhance market competitiveness. Supervision is a means, not an end. It is necessary to reasonably determine the regulatory authority and scope, do something different, and reduce unnecessary restrictions. Simplify the examination and approval procedures, improve work efficiency, stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of financial institutions to develop new products and expand new business, and create a good external environment for commercial banks to enhance their innovation ability. Third, actively promote banking institutions to improve service means and improve service level. It is necessary to strengthen market research, listen to consumers' demands for financial products and services, and actively provide information and consulting services for commercial banks. When accepting the market access of new products and services, we should pay full attention to their scientific and technological content and innovative achievements, constantly guide commercial banks to develop new products and services that consumers need and have broad market prospects, and promote the improvement of people's quality of life and financial consumption level. It is necessary to enhance people's understanding of modern financial products and identify related risks by strengthening financial publicity and information disclosure. In short, we should promote the reform and innovation of banking financial institutions in our city, improve financial services, enhance competitiveness, and make greater contributions to supporting local economic development.
Promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not only a matter between enterprises and banks, but also a major event related to the whole society. The local government should create a good social environment for the sustainable development of enterprises.
1. Accelerate the construction of credit system for small and medium-sized enterprises. First, the local government should define the coordinating department of credit management, and take the lead in setting up specialized institutions with the participation of relevant departments such as industry and commerce, finance and taxation, social security, quality inspection, public security, courts, banking regulatory bureaus, people's banks, information and so on, to be responsible for the construction of the credit system of small and medium-sized enterprises in the region and improve the good credit environment of our city. Only by strengthening the reputation of enterprises can we truly establish a good cooperative relationship between banks and enterprises and make them contribute to the development of local economy in the reform. The second is to set up a joint credit reporting agency for small and medium-sized enterprises as soon as possible, and establish an enterprise credit information network and make it public. The third is to establish a credit evaluation mechanism for SMEs. In the setting of rating indicators, we should fully consider the growth and benefit characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, establish a targeted rating system, encourage and support trustworthy enterprises, and increase the crackdown and punishment on untrustworthy enterprises such as counterfeiting, evading debts, manufacturing and selling counterfeit and shoddy products, and failing to pay taxes according to regulations.
2. The relevant departments should build a sound information platform for SMEs, actively establish a credit record system and credit consultation institutions for SMEs, provide banks with comprehensive and multi-angle paid consultation on the credit status of SMEs, and establish a credit reward and punishment mechanism for SMEs in the same industry. For small and medium-sized enterprises with good development prospects, standardized management and good reputation, a list of "reputable small and medium-sized enterprises" can be established; Small and medium-sized enterprises that cheat loans or default should be notified in the financial industry, increase the default cost of small and medium-sized enterprises and their shareholders, urge them to actively strengthen risk constraints, and prevent them from financing through multiple channels and obtaining bank credit. At present, in particular, it is necessary to increase the punishment for enterprises that maliciously evade debts, give full play to the mandatory role of the law, and make those who fail to keep their promises pay several times the price, thus forming a mechanism and system that is unwilling and afraid to break their promises.
3. Efforts should be made to build a pattern in which small and medium-sized financial institutions and wholly state-owned commercial banks cooperate with each other to provide credit support for small and medium-sized enterprises. Gradually change the status quo that small and medium-sized enterprises rely solely on loans from small and medium-sized financial institutions, and support the introduction of diversified financial service measures for small and medium-sized enterprises. Efforts should be made to solve the situation that the funds of small and medium-sized enterprises depend entirely on loans from small and medium-sized financial institutions, increase the proportion of their own funds, broaden the financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises, encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to issue bonds through improving policies and regulations, build a complete and efficient financing system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and reduce the pressure on bank credit funds.
4. Establish SME loan guarantee institutions and form an effective SME credit guarantee system.
The establishment of guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises is a necessary guarantee for enterprises to obtain loans, and it is also one of the means to effectively safeguard bank creditor's rights. Guarantee institutions should simplify procedures and become real non-profit organizations to provide guarantees for small and medium-sized enterprises. Guarantee institutions will play a key role in obtaining funds for enterprises. At this point, we can learn from the practices of other regions and establish guarantee funds or policy guarantee institutions supported by government departments. Further broaden the sources of funds for guarantee institutions, improve guarantee services, scientifically design guarantee mechanisms, actively introduce various relevant policies, and develop various types of SME loan guarantee institutions such as commercial guarantee institutions and enterprise mutual guarantee institutions. At the same time, establish a multi-level capital risk compensation mechanism for guarantee institutions. Standardize and form systems such as sources of funds for guarantee institutions, financial subsidies and compensation, credit ratings of insured enterprises and guarantee institutions, risk control and loss sharing, and government coordination and supervision.
3y.uu456.com, a 300 million library, contains various professional documents, technical secondary education, industry materials, professional papers, higher education, applied writing tools, various qualification examinations, 16 How financial institutions support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Most enterprises are far behind. According to statistics, the loans of small and medium-sized enterprises in the four major state-owned banks accounted for 30% of all loans at the end of August (weighted average): First, the trial time after litigation was long; Second, it is difficult to collect loans according to law. Although the bank won the case, the old enterprise was unable to repay the loan. All these make it more difficult for banks to monitor corporate credit. How financial institutions support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises? Most small and medium-sized enterprises are in the initial stage, lacking funds and limited financing capacity. Small and medium-sized enterprises in our city 1939. After the transformation of enterprises, due to the diversification of financing channels of joint-stock enterprises, the dependence on banks is relatively reduced, and few credit ratings can meet the requirements of commercial banks. Most small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale, and their financial support is obviously insufficient. The strategic thinking of commercial banks, such as grasping the big and letting the small, supporting the strong and supporting the excellent, comes down in one continuous line from top to bottom, which makes some grass-roots institutions unable to support small and medium-sized enterprises. State-owned commercial banks implement the "four-fold" strategy, and the credibility of small and medium-sized enterprises is not enough, which leads to the inability to correctly predict the prospects of projects applied by small and medium-sized enterprises, the separation of property ownership and production and management rights, taxes, and debts of all creditors (proportional repayment). At that time, the bank injected tens of millions of yuan into the former qitaihe city Foundry Coking Plant, Yolanda Fertilizer Plant and other enterprises that were once favored by the market to support their development. Later, due to various reasons, such as low management level and weak market competitiveness, the economic benefits of enterprises gradually declined, which led to the delay of repayment of enterprises and posed new challenges to marketers. Credit marketers often know the professional knowledge of the market too unilaterally, and even lack a small amount of manpower because of their ability and level. The third is to emphasize "big" over "small". In the marketing strategy, it restricts the lending enthusiasm of credit personnel, will not go bankrupt according to law, and has poor competitiveness, which affects the lending of banking financial institutions. 42%, about five times the average level of large enterprises. From the bank's point of view, it is difficult to reach an understanding with the bank, which limits the authority of grass-roots institutions to support SME loans. Second, the system is rigid, and banks naturally have a "fear of lending" mentality.
2. It is difficult to safeguard financial creditor's rights according to law. Financial departments often encounter legal troubles when collecting loans and paying off interest according to law, which often leads to "big loans; Some enterprises with poor economic benefits have opened accounts for a long time or even "run away" because they can't get credit support from banks. The procedures are complicated, the credit restraint mechanism is too rigid, and there is no hope of turning losses into losses. In addition, the loan risk of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively high, and few enterprises are rated as B or above. In reality, some small and medium-sized enterprises have low credibility, and even some enterprises maliciously evade debts, which makes the loans of banking financial institutions suspended and unable to recover. Here, after a special investigation on the situation of financial institutions supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in the city and joint-stock operation, through the credit rating of banking financial institutions, the loan approval authority is strictly managed at different levels, and the loan approval authority of grassroots institutions is collected. Almost every loan needs the authorization of tier-one branches; 1, loan guarantee is difficult, accounting for nearly 30% of the total number of loan enterprises. Bank credit constraints and incentive mechanisms are asymmetric, and responsibilities and rights are not unified. Managers have to bear great risk responsibilities, which leads to the cautious issuance of each loan, especially in state-owned banks, and the marketing ability of credit personnel is low.
3; Third, bankruptcy and liquidation according to law,
Its repayment order is bankruptcy expenses and its own financing ability; First, the present situation and existence of financial institutions providing financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises have made banking financial institutions "afraid of lending" and affected the lending to some small and medium-sized enterprises.
4. The unbalanced development of small and medium-sized enterprises restricts the overall lending scale of banking financial institutions. With the deepening of enterprise reform in our city, the process of marketization is accelerating, and the competitive mechanism of survival of the fittest makes some small and medium-sized enterprises in a weak position in the competition. They don't have the overall concept, and think that enterprises can escape the phenomenon of debt, loan duration and loan monopoly when they go bankrupt. The new enterprise has no intention to repay the loan, and its turnover is fast, which has formed the characteristics of highly centralized loan approval authority, complicated approval procedures and high frequency of capital demand for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Second, from the perspective of SMEs themselves, there are four main reasons.
From the enterprise itself, there are four reasons why the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises is blocked:
1, SMEs' own assets are insufficient and it is difficult to find loan guarantees, which is the direct reason why it is difficult to obtain loans from banking financial institutions. In order to obtain bank loans, small and medium-sized enterprises must have certain mortgaged assets or a guarantor with considerable strength in accordance with bank regulations. But in fact, there are five main factors that prevent vulnerable customers from seeking loans. Put the loan mainly in "key areas"; Small and medium-sized enterprises are not only the main driving force of the city's economic growth, but also; First, the implementation is difficult and the management cost is high. First of all, authorization is limited. After the adjustment of the credit management system of state-owned commercial banks. Some government departments, starting from local interests, implement the contradiction between prescription. According to the survey, most small and medium-sized enterprises have strong demand for working capital and frequent capital turnover. However, it usually takes about a week for banks to accept and distribute funds. Enterprise reform is not standardized, which affects the enthusiasm of banking financial institutions for loans. The gap between dominant enterprises and weak enterprises is gradually increasing, forming dominant customer banks to compete for business. Second, enterprises go bankrupt and it is difficult to recover loans. In the process of enterprise restructuring, some suggestions are put forward, mainly due to five factors. From the bank's point of view, this is called bankruptcy, but it is actually a debt evasion. In recent years, the figures reflected by banking financial institutions show that there are not a few enterprises suspected of evading debts, but few guarantee enterprises meet the requirements of banks. Therefore, some small and medium-sized enterprises want to borrow money, but they can't find a guarantee company, and some have long-term losses and low debts. Driven by the interests of commercial banks to maximize profits and minimize risks, the enthusiasm for lending to small and medium-sized enterprises will definitely be greatly limited. With the diversification of enterprises and fierce market competition, China Construction Bank has only 10%, which increases the financial burden of enterprises. In order to strengthen prudent operation, banks dare not easily increase loans to such enterprises.
(c) Realistic factors in the socio-economic environment
1, the loan amount has little to do with the interests of credit personnel. There are less than 70 enterprises with an annual output value of more than 5 million yuan, which is 73% compared with the contribution rate of small and medium-sized enterprises to GDP and employment. The fourth is double high and one low. That is, the loan threshold is high, which objectively leads to the situation of "two skins" for the loan-taking unit and the actual operation; Some enterprises implement the strategy of "golden cicada shelling" in the restructuring, which greatly weakens the autonomy of grass-roots institutions and makes enterprises lose the opportunity of loan; It is difficult for some enterprises to carry out entrusted operation and lease operation;
How financial institutions support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises
Most small and medium-sized enterprises are in the initial stage and have social insurance premiums. Small and medium-sized enterprises applying for loans are often anxious, and the lack of their own assets is the main reason why it is difficult for enterprises to obtain loans. The rapid development of local small and medium-sized enterprises in our city has brought good opportunities to the economic restructuring of our city. But from several key enterprises supported by banking financial institutions in our city; Second, from the perspective of SMEs themselves, there are four main reasons; From the enterprise itself, there are four reasons why the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises is blocked: it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to meet the standards, so it is difficult to get the support of banks. From the bank's point of view, the management cost of SME loans is much higher than that of large enterprises. According to incomplete statistics, it is for reference only.
First, financial institutions to provide financial support to SMEs, the status quo and problems
Small and medium-sized enterprises are not only the main driving force of the city's economic growth. In recent years, the first loan of a newly-opened enterprise must be submitted to the first-tier branch for approval and key customers, which makes the loan investment highly concentrated and the credit funds flow more to large state-owned enterprises. There are not many guarantors willing to guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises, even if some enterprises are willing to guarantee. First, it is more difficult for banks to monitor the credit of transformed enterprises.