1March, 986, at the suggestion of four old scientists, Deng Xiaoping, then director of the Central Advisory Committee, gave instructions to "consult with some experts and relevant responsible comrades, and put forward opinions and make a decision". The "863 Project" was named after the above time. Six months later, the outline of the 863 Program was formed, and eight fields, such as biotechnology, aerospace technology, information technology, laser technology, automation technology, energy technology, new materials and marine high technology, were selected as the focus of China's high-tech development. 1995 in may, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council made the "decision on accelerating China's scientific and technological progress" and formally put forward the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education.
Extended data:
In order to reward citizens who have made outstanding contributions in scientific and technological progress activities and promote the development of science and technology in China, the China Municipal Government has established five national science and technology awards. Including the highest national science and technology award, national natural science award, national technological invention award, national scientific and technological progress award and international scientific and technological cooperation award. Among them, the highest standard award is the highest national science and technology award.
The highest national science and technology award is reviewed once a year, and no more than two citizens with outstanding scientific and technological achievements and great social contributions are selected each time. The president personally issues honorary certificates and high bonuses. The total prize money of each winner is 5 million yuan, of which 500,000 yuan is directly awarded to individuals, and the other 4.5 million yuan is used as research funds, which are managed by the winners and earmarked for special purposes.
The National Natural Science Award is awarded to China citizens who have clarified natural phenomena, characteristics and laws and made significant scientific discoveries in basic research such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, life science and applied basic research in the fields of information, materials and engineering technology. At the same time, the National Natural Science Award is not awarded to organizations. The National Natural Science Award has one or two award grades. The first prize of national natural science is the highest prize in the field of natural science.
The National Technological Invention Award is awarded to China citizens who have made major technological inventions such as products, processes, materials and systems, but not to organizations. The National Technological Invention Award has one or two award grades. The National Technological Invention Award is awarded to new, advanced and beneficial new technologies in China's national economy.
Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-China People and China Science and Technology
1, Shenzhou VI manned space flight was a complete success.
106 17 at 4: 33 am, after a space flight of 1 15 hours and 32 minutes, China's manned space science experiment was completed and the return capsule of Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft landed smoothly.
Fei and Nie Haisheng left the cabin independently. The success of Shenzhou VI manned space flight marks another milestone in the development of manned space technology and manned space experiments in China.
Great victory is of great and far-reaching significance for further improving China's international status and strengthening China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength and national defense strength.
2、
The Qinghai-Tibet railway is paved all the way.
According to the goal of building a world-class plateau railway, engineers and builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have overcome many unimaginable difficulties and conquered "frozen soil and cold shortage" on the snowy plateau, which is known as the "forbidden area of life"
Oxygen and ecological fragility ",this is a brilliant feat in the history of world railway construction. Trains loaded with a lot of aid to Tibet arrived one after another on 10 15.
Lhasa.
3. China's first 64-bit high-performance general-purpose CPU chip came out.
Loongson 2, developed by Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has a single-precision peak floating-point operation speed of 2 billion times per second, a double-precision floating-point operation speed of 1 100 million times per second, a maximum frequency of 500MHz and a power consumption of 3 to 5 watts.
It is far lower than similar chips abroad, and the measured performance of its standard test program is 2 to 3 times that of 1.3GHz VIA processor.
. The Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jiangsu Province cooperated to establish the "Zhongke Menglong" Loongson industrialization base, and a high-tech industrial chain with the goal of Loongson industrialization was initially formed.
4、
China expedition team reached the highest point of Antarctic ice sheet for the first time.
Beijing time 16, Beijing time 65438+1October 18. After advancing to the Antarctic inland ice sheet for more than 1200 kilometers, the Kunlun expedition team of China Antarctic inland ice sheet climbed to the highest point of Antarctic inland ice sheet: 80 degrees 22 minutes and 00 seconds south latitude.
East longitude is 77 degrees 2 1 min 1 1 sec, with an altitude of 4093 meters. According to the plan, the ice sheet research team will set up a scientific observation station at the highest point, carry out climate and environmental monitoring, carry out ice radar thickness measurement, high-precision GPS positioning and comprehensive gas.
Image observation. The China expedition team successfully reached the highest point of the ice sheet, which is a feat in the history of human Antarctic exploration and marks a new step in the development of China's Antarctic cause.
5、
The Flora of China, which has the largest variety of records in the world, has all been published.
Compared with similar works in the world, Flora of China in volume 126 contains the most kinds and quantities of plants, and the overall compilation level is high. It is the first most comprehensive and systematic national flora in China in the last hundred years. "China"
Flora of China is a comprehensive, systematic and scientific summary of vascular plants (including ferns and seed plants) in China, and records more than 30,000 species of plants (365,438+0 families, 3408 genera, 365,438+065,438+042 species) in China.
More than 50 million words, more than 9000 discs.
On the 6 th, China scientists successfully realized the first one.
Sub-monomolecular spin state control
Researchers of China University of Science and Technology skillfully performed "single molecule surgery" on cobalt phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on the metal surface under the conditions of low temperature and ultra-high vacuum, and successfully controlled the spin state of the single molecule. this is
For the first time in the world, the chemical reaction inside a single molecule is realized, and the physical properties of the molecule are changed and controlled through local chemical reactions, thus achieving important physical effects, which provides a basis for the preparation of single-molecule functional devices.
An extremely important new method reveals the broad prospect of single molecule science research. Science magazine published the research paper, and evaluated the results in the same period's Perspective column.
7、
The new "height" of Mount Everest measured in China is 8844.43 meters.
The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping released the new data obtained from the elevation survey of Mount Everest in 2005: the elevation of the rock surface at the summit of Mount Everest is 8844.43m, the accuracy of elevation survey is 0.2 1m, and the depth of ice and snow at the summit is 3.50.
rice. This set of data is the most detailed and accurate data in all previous Everest elevation surveys in China and even in the world. Compared with the height of Mount Everest measured by 1975, the newly announced height of Mount Everest is reduced by about 3.7.
rice. The activity of accurately measuring the elevation of Mount Everest reflects the technical level and authority of measuring the elevation of Mount Everest in China, which plays an important role in reflecting the comprehensive national strength and the level of surveying and mapping technology and promoting earth science research.
8. After nearly four years' efforts, scientific drilling in Chinese mainland has penetrated 5 158 meters underground.
The scientific drilling project "Kezu No.1 Well" in mainland China was successfully completed, and it was 5 158 meters underground in Maobei Village, Donghai County, Jiangsu Province. On this basis, a series of scientific research achievements have been made, marking China's "underground" plan.
Plan to make a major breakthrough. This is also the deepest scientific drilling among more than 20 projects of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program currently being implemented.
9、
A "drug molecule transport tool" that can pass through blood vessels has been successfully developed.
The "nano-drug molecular transport vehicle" developed by Shanghai Institute of Silicate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has a diameter of only 200 nanometers. The drugs loaded will not leak along the way when they are guided to specific disease targets and are needed by people.
Only when it is released can it have a therapeutic effect on diseases. The researchers successfully completed the controlled release and directional delivery experiment of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer drugs loaded with "transportation tools". This achievement was published in the United States.
Journal of Chemical Society and German Journal of Applied Chemistry.
10, highest resolution "China"
The digital man 1 "was born.
China Digital Man 1 created by Southern Medical University has an efficient digital camera with 22 million pixels, and the image resolution is 4040×5880, which is the resolution of 0.2 mm virtual human cutting in the world at present.
Maximum rate data set. In addition, according to the release of 60 megabytes per frame, the data volume of this data set exceeds 540 gigabytes, which is the highest in the world. "Digital people" are widely used in medicine, aerospace, aviation, film and television production and even military affairs.
Universal application value.
In addition:
1.EAST fully superconducting noncircular cross-section tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device
2006
On September 26th, 2006, the EAST superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device invested by the National Development and Reform Commission successfully obtained more than 200,000 currents on the first day of physical discharge experiment.
Ann, the high-temperature plasma discharge with a time of nearly 3 seconds indicates that the world's first fully superconducting noncircular cross-section tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device was first built and put into operation in China.
2. New progress in experimental and theoretical research on controllability of nano-quantum structures.
In the past few years, the research group of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has exerted international influence on the basic issues of nano-electronic devices, such as the exploration of nano-structures, the law of assembly, and the physical properties of unit devices. In 2006, a series of important progress was made, and systematic work was gradually formed.
3. Draw the distribution map of cosmic rays in the sky, and find that the distribution of cosmic rays is anisotropic and the motion law of cosmic rays.
exist
On June 20th, 2006, Science magazine 10, based on "Tibet Atmospheric Shower Detector Array" of Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory in China, recorded nearly 40 billion observation cases accumulated in recent 9 years.
Based on the systematic analysis of experimental data, Chinese and Japanese physicists jointly published the latest information about high-energy cosmic ray anisotropy and cosmic ray plasma rotating around the center of the Milky Way with interstellar gas and stars.
As a result, the frontier progress of these experimental observations has been praised by the reviewers as a "milestone" important achievement in the field of cosmic ray research.
4. A major breakthrough has been made in the technical development and industrial test of methanol to low-carbon olefins.
pass by
Dalian Institute of Chemical Industry of China Academy of Sciences, Shaanxi Xinxing Coal Chemical Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Company of China Petrochemical Group cooperated to carry out the industrial experimental project of "Technical Development of Methanol to Low Olefin (DMTO)".
A major breakthrough has been made, and the methanol conversion rate of nearly 100% has been achieved in an industrial experimental device with a daily processing capacity of 50 tons of methanol, with ethylene selectivity of 40. 1%, propylene selectivity of 39.0% and low-carbon olefins (ethylene and propylene).
The selectivity of olefin and butene is more than 90%. The successful operation of the experimental device is of great economic and strategic significance to the comprehensive utilization of energy and the diversification of low-carbon olefin raw materials in China.
5. Godson 2E Universal 64-bit Processor
dragon
Core 2E universal 64-bit processor is the world's highest-performance general-purpose processor except the United States and Japan, and it is also the first processor with 90 nm design technology in Chinese mainland. Godson 2E developed by Computer Research Institute of China Academy of Sciences.
The highest frequency of the processor reaches 1.0GHz, and the measured performance exceeds that of Pentium IV processor 1.5GHz. It has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, high performance and high security. Under different working conditions, Loongson
The power consumption of the 2E processor is between 3 watts and 8 watts. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Loongson processor will make greater contribution to the informatization of China.
6. Non-contact monitoring technology and equipment system of laser-induced fluorescence for water pollution
water
It is an indispensable and important resource for human beings in their production and life activities. Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and offshore waters in China are generally polluted to varying degrees, and the water pollution is getting worse year by year. Anhui Optical Precision Machinery of China Academy of Sciences
The institute adopts laser-induced fluorescence monitoring technology to realize remote sensing of water pollution. The system integrates optical remote sensing technology, spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, electronic technology and computer technology, and realizes remote sensing of water pollution by laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry.
On-line telemetry of multi-component organic matter in water has developed and improved the technical level of on-line telemetry of water pollution in China.
7. Scientists in China have discovered a new pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease.
2006
On June 9th165438+1October, the online edition of Nature Medicine, an internationally renowned academic journal, published the research on the occurrence of amyloid β protein by the research group of Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The latest research results of cheng Xin mechanism. This result reveals the new pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease, and suggests that β2 adrenoceptor may become a new target for developing drugs to treat Alzheimer's Harmo's disease.
8. China has made a breakthrough in the research of new antidiabetic drugs.
middle
In 2006, scientists from Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences made important progress in the research field of non-peptide small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and the related results were published in the international authoritative department in the first week of 2007 1 month.
Journal of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) online edition. In a written press release to the media, the editorial department of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences pointed out that this oral effective non-peptide small molecule agonist may become diabetes.
New therapies for obesity, obesity and other related metabolic diseases.
9. Reveal the mystery of Drosophila memory and explore the neurobiological basis of memory.
middle
The latest research results of the research group of Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences on Drosophila revealed that there is no universal memory center in the brain of Drosophila, but different sensory memories are stored in different areas and can be remembered like humans.
Different parameters such as image height, size and color are the same, and the image memory of Drosophila also has different parameters. Through the study of Drosophila memory genes, it can be further applied to mice, mammals and even humans.
And solve mental diseases such as insomnia and Alzheimer's disease.
10. terminal control technology and application of drinking water quality safety risk
for
In order to evaluate water quality in time and deal with emergencies, the Center for Ecological Environment Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly developed an online biological monitoring and early warning technology suitable for terminal water quality monitoring, and established and improved the biological monitoring and early warning technology.
Toxicology test method has formed a set of technical system suitable for water quality evaluation at molecular and cellular level. The key technologies of research and development have independent intellectual property rights, * * * has produced 22 invention patents and published 6 1 paper.