Birmingham International Airport in the UK uses low-speed maglev trains from 1984 to 1995, with a total length of 600 meters. Due to reliability problems, this line was later changed to a monorail.
In 200 1 year, the German Transrapid company built a maglev train system from China Pudong International Airport to Longyang Road Station of the subway, and it was officially put into use in 2002. The total length of the line is 30 kilometers, and the maximum speed of the train is 430 kilometers per hour. It only takes 8 minutes from the starting point to the end point.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China put forward new hopes for the development of magnetic levitation in the transportation development planning. In accordance with the requirements of safety, reliability, advanced efficiency, economy and environmental protection, relying on major engineering projects, through digestion, absorption and innovation, system integration innovation and original innovation, the independent development ability and core competitiveness have been enhanced, and the level of technology and equipment has been further improved. Increase the research and development and application of new transportation technologies and equipment, accelerate the marketization and industrialization of technologies and equipment with independent intellectual property rights in China, and promote the upgrading and growth of related industries. Study and formulate energy consumption and emission limit standards, study and formulate equipment technology policies, and promote the modernization of technology and equipment. Promote the development and application of advanced and applicable rail transit technology and equipment, and fully realize modernization. Improve the safety and reliability of advanced equipment such as railway high-speed EMUs, high-power electric locomotives and heavy-haul trucks, increase the proportion of air-conditioned passenger cars and special trucks, promote the pedigree of high-speed EMUs, and develop and apply advanced technology and equipment such as intercity trains and urban rail transit vehicles. Through the application of engineering to the research and development of drive technology, the key core technologies such as communication signal, traction braking and operation control of rail transit are broken through, and the high-speed magnetic levitation technology is systematically mastered, and the medium and low-speed magnetic levitation technology is optimized and upgraded.
In the corridor economic belt where small and medium-sized towns and towns are densely distributed, according to the traffic demand, we should encrypt the high-grade highway network, upgrade the technical level of provincial highways or build relatively open express passages in the form of urban expressways, and pay attention to the connection with interregional traffic networks. On the other hand, in 20 12, the urban population of China was 7120,000, accounting for 52.6% of the total population, an increase of 1.3 percentage points over the end of last year. This means that if the migrant workers who have worked and lived in cities and towns for more than six months are counted, the urbanization rate of China has reached 52.6%. Under the urbanization and "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", maglev train has once again become the focus of people's attention and the strategic goal of the future country. 20 12 medium and low speed maglev train is a newly developed new type of green rail transit equipment. It uses the attraction of electromagnet to make the train "float" in the air smoothly, with no friction, zero emission and low noise. Safety guarantee can bring passengers a brand-new ground flight experience. Maglev train has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, environmental protection, safety, low noise and no pollution. The development of maglev vehicles coincides with the national development plan. It can be seen that with the maturity of maglev marketization and the improvement of technology in the future, its prospect is immeasurable. 1922, German engineer Herman Comprins first considered the electric maglev railway.
1934, Herman Qiang Sen obtained the basic patent for manufacturing maglev railway.
In 1935, Herman Conver confirmed the magnetic levitation with an experimental model.
From 1939 to 1943, Herman force carried out the basic research work of electric maglev railway at the Institute of Aerodynamics in Gottingen.
1953, Herman Qiang Sen wrote a scientific report "Electric-driven Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock Guided by Electronic Suspension".
1969, the large-capacity high-speed railway research association began basic research. The electromagnetic levitation model TR-0 1 is manufactured by Klaus-Maffei Company. The supporting and guiding system is designed according to Herman's forcing principle and driven by short stator linear motor.
197 1 year-1974, TR02, TR03 and TR04 test vehicles were manufactured one after another.
1975, equipment development, research and test of electromagnetic drive technology function of the first stator. It was conducted by Thyssen henschel in Kassel factory, and the test platform was MB 1.
1976, the first manned test vehicle HMB2 with long stator electromagnetic drive technology was produced by Thyssen henschel Company in Kassel. Electromagnetic support and guidance system is adopted, with air gap 10mm, vehicle weight of 2.5t, four seats and top speed of 36km/h. ..
1977, the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology made a decision in favor of developing the electromagnetic suspension drive system. Prepare the test equipment for Emsland maglev train. Engineer Herman Corpster passed away (April 5, 65438+0892-1July 3, 977).
1979, 17 TR05, which was put into production in May, was exhibited at Hamburg International Traffic Exhibition, causing a sensation.
At 1980, TR06 started construction.
1984, Emsland maglev train test facility was put into operation, and TR06 began to run the test. August 17, with a speed of 302 km/h.
1986, TR07 prototype was developed in henschel.
1987, the second-phase test facility of Emsland maglev train was finally built and put into use. TR07 begins to assemble. 165438+1October 1 1 TR06 reached a speed of 406 km/h.
1988, the speed of TR06 reached 4 12.6 km/h at 65438+1October 22nd. TR07 was exhibited at Munich International Transport Exhibition.
1989, the inspection of TR07 was started at the Emsland maglev train test site. Maglev railway's fast train technology has matured.
On June 30, 2000, the Chinese and German governments formally signed an agreement to jointly carry out the feasibility study of the Shanghai maglev express train operation line project.
In August 2000, the State Planning Commission approved the project proposal; In the same month, six companies, including Shanghai Shentong Group, jointly invested 2 billion yuan to register and establish Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd. (the shares were later expanded to eight, with a registered capital of 300 million yuan), and the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government approved the establishment of the Shanghai Maglev Express Engineering Command. Below is the magnetic levitation, and below is the magnetic levitation model. 1989 National University of Defense Technology developed the first small maglev prototype in China.
1990, the first seminar on maglev train and linear motor technology was held in Southwest Jiaotong University. 1992 the development of manned maglev train was officially included in the national key scientific and technological project during the eighth five-year plan period.
1994, Southwest Jiaotong University successfully developed the first manned low-speed maglev train in China.
But it can only run successfully under completely ideal laboratory conditions.
1May 1995 1 1 day, China's first manned maglev train was successfully developed at the National University of Defense Technology, making China the sixth country to successfully develop a maglev train after Germany, Japan, Britain, the former Soviet Union and South Korea.
In 2000, the Institute of Maglev Train and Maglev Technology of Southwest Jiaotong University in China successfully developed the world's first HTS manned maglev experimental vehicle.
20011/On October 23rd, Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd. signed the supply and service contract for Shanghai Maglev Train Project, with the total contract amount of10.293 billion Deutsche Mark;
200 1, 65438+1On October 26th, we signed the Technology Transfer Contract for the Concrete Composite Track Beam System of Maglev Express Train with the German Railway and Track Beam Technical Consortium (TGC), and the contract used the German government grant of * * * 1 100 million Deutsche Mark.
200 1 March1Project officially started. In May, the dedicated roads were fully connected. In July, the rail beam production base was put into production.
On August 4th, 20001year, the first maglev bus in China, which was jointly developed by Changchun Bus Factory, Southwest Jiaotong University and Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute, completed the final assembly and production line at Changchun Bus Factory, making China the third country in the world to master the maglev bus technology after Germany and Japan.
2001165438+1October 24th, the first maglev train in Beijing passed the pilot evaluation.
On February 28th, 2002, the substructure project of Shanghai maglev train demonstration line was completed, and beam erection began.
After 30 kilometers of commercial operation and more than two years of experiments in Pudong, magnetic levitation should be gradually popularized.
In 2003, the Qingshan maglev train line in Chengdu, Sichuan was completed. The maglev test track is 420 meters long, mainly for tourists, and the fare is higher than that of taxis.
China has successfully developed a new technology-permanent magnet technology MAS-3, the cost of which is lower than that of German and Japanese.
In May, 2005, China's self-developed "Zhonghua 06" suspended rail permanent magnet maglev train was unveiled in succession. It is said that its speed can reach 400 kilometers per hour.
In July 2005, the second maglev train of Beikong Maglev rolled off the assembly line at CNR Tangshan Locomotive Works.
In September, 2005, China Chengdu Aircraft Company began to develop CM 1 "Dolphin" high-speed maglev train with a top speed of 500 kilometers per hour. It was originally expected that it would be piloted in Shanghai in July 2006. However, due to technical problems, Southwest Jiaotong University gave up the development, and the car was handed over to the National Defense Science and Technology University for further development. The car is in Shanghai Tongji University Jiading Branch.
In the same year, another high-speed maglev vehicle produced by Changchun Locomotive Works was also successfully developed in Tongji University.
On April 30th, 2006, China's first medium-low speed maglev train with independent intellectual property rights successfully passed the outdoor joint field operation test at a test base in Qingchengshan, Chengdu, Sichuan. Propelled by magnetic levitation, which is usually conductive.
On June 5438+ 10, 2008, the Qingcheng Mountain test line was destroyed.
In 2009, the third generation maglev train of Beijing-controlled Tangshan test line was put into operation in groups.
On April 8th, 20 10, China's first domestic high-speed maglev prototype manufactured by Chengdu Aircraft Company was delivered in Chengdu, which indicated that Cheng Fei had the ability of domestic design, vehicle integration and manufacturing of maglev vehicles.
20 12 65438+ 10 On October 20th, a medium-low speed maglev train got off the assembly line at China CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd. ... The maglev train was organized in three sections, with the maximum running speed of100km and the maximum passenger capacity of about 600 people.
On May 201April 6/KLOC-0, the construction of Changsha Maglev Project from Changsha South Station to Changsha Huanghua International Airport officially started. This is the first commercial maglev line independently developed in China, and it is expected to be put into operation in the first half of 20 16. By then, it takes only 20 minutes for passengers to travel from Changsha South Railway Station to T2 Terminal of Changsha Huanghua Airport.
From August 2065438 to August 2004, China's medium and low speed maglev train technology achieved a new breakthrough in Changzhou: the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power of Southwest Jiaotong University and Changzhou Rail Transit Research Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University jointly developed a 40km/h maglev train frame.
20 15 On April 20th, the first medium and low speed maglev line in Beijing and the second medium and low speed maglev train line in China (S 1) were started, and the trial operation plan was 20 16.
On February 8, 20 15, the evacuation platform of the medium and low speed maglev railway project in Changsha, Hunan Province, which was designed and constructed by the Fourth Institute of China Railway Construction, was completed and will be put into trial operation in the near future. It is understood that Changsha medium-low speed maglev railway is the first independently developed maglev line in China, starting from Changsha South Station in the west and Huanghua Airport in the east, with a total length of 18.5 km. Construction started in May 1965, with a total length of 438+04.
On February 2, 20 15, Changsha maglev train 18.55 km was tested for the first time. After arriving at Maglev Airport Station through Maglev Pear Station, it returned to the comprehensive base of Maglev Depot smoothly, and now it has entered the stage of joint debugging and trial.