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Provide some relevant knowledge
BIOS upgrade
At present, the BIOS on motherboards above Pentium level mostly uses electrically erasable Flsah memory ROM as the carrier, which brings great convenience for BIOS upgrade.
Flash Memory is a new type of nonvolatile memory, which is translated into flash memory in Chinese. The patent was applied by Toshiba Corporation of Japan in 1980, and was first published in the international semiconductor academic conference in 1984. It has high speed, can be electrically erased on the whole chip, low power consumption, high integration, small size and high reliability, and does not need backup battery support.
Therefore, using flash memory to store the BIOS program of the motherboard makes the BIOS upgrade very easy. At present, Pentium and Pentium II motherboards generally use flash memory as BIOS chips.
1. Flash BIOS upgrade
At present, well-known motherboard manufacturers, such as ASUS and Haiyang, generally take the following measures to upgrade the BIOS for users:
(1) Set a jumper on the motherboard to select the FLASH ROM state, and put it in the protection state at ordinary times to make the BIOS indestructible. When upgrading, jump to the rewritable state, and you can update the BIOS like writing RAM.
(2) There is a program to rewrite FLASH ROM in the drive disk attached with the board, which can be easily upgraded and backed up.
BIOS .
(3) New BIOS programs are often compiled and circulated in the market or put on the Internet for motherboard users to download.
Universal flash BIOS upgrade process
Generally, there is a jumper switch about Flash ROM on the motherboard, which is used to set the read-only/read-write status of BIOS.
(1) Make a system disk without configuration. SYS and AUTOEXEC. BAT file, and copy the Flash ROM upgrade tool program. This utility program is usually provided by the driver disk attached to the motherboard. The flash BIOS upgrade tool program has the following main functions:
◇ Save the current BIOS to a file.
◇ Update BIOS block from file.
Other functions (advanced functions)
(2) Prepare the program data of the new BIOS. Generally, it needs to be downloaded on the Internet or BBS. Before upgrading, please check the serial number and date of BIOS data to ensure that it is newer than the BIOS you are using. At the same time, check whether it is the same product line as the BIOS you use. For example, the BIOS of TX chipset is not suitable for VX motherboard to avoid compatibility problems.
(3) After shutdown, find the jumper switch on the motherboard about the read-write status of Flash ROM and set it to writable (enabled or written) status.
(4) Restart with the prepared system disk and run the upgrade tool program.
(5) First, select the save function to save the original BIOS data to a floppy disk and save it as a file for restoring the original BIOS when the upgrade fails. Then load a new BIOS data disk, choose to update BIOS data, enter the file name of the new BIOS, and complete the BIOS upgrade.
Note: Some BIOS upgrade tools only upgrade the main module. If the new BIOS is found to be very different from the original BIOS, a prompt will be given, and it is suggested to upgrade the whole BIOS (including BIOS startup module and PnP ESCD parameter area) with corresponding options.
(6) After upgrading, remember to change the jumper on the motherboard about Flash EEPROM back to read-only status.
(7) Restart to enter the BIOS setting state to complete the BIOS parameter setting.
Flash ROM upgrade without upgrade conditions
Motherboards with miscellaneous brands often do not have the above three upgrade conditions. Although the popular Flash ROM is used, there is no jumper that can be set to rewrite status, so Flash ROM is no different from old ROM and EPROM. There is no driver disk, no rewriting tool, and of course there will be no new BIOS program to upgrade.
Generally, you can borrow tools and programs from other motherboards, such as Awdflash.exe, a gadget from Award Company, whose full name is Flash Memory Writer V5.3.0 After the program runs, the internal code and date of the motherboard BIOS will be displayed, and then the name of the upgrade file will be asked. After entering the name, the program will ask whether to back up the existing BIOS. After typing y or n (if you choose y, you need to back up the file name), the program will ask for confirmation again. After confirmation, the program will back up the existing BIOS (if Y was selected just now), and then start writing a new BIOS. A write progress indicator will appear on the screen. If the flash ROM is unwritten, or the new BIOS file does not match the motherboard, an error message "Erasing the chip failed!" Will appear. .
The BIOS upgrade file can be backed up from the new motherboard of the same model, that is, use the above tools to back up the BIOS of the new motherboard as the upgrade file of the old BIOS.
The most difficult thing is this third question. How to make Flash ROM writable? There are generally three options for Flash ROM of motherboard, 5V, 12V, and programmable EPROM. It stands to reason that the type of Flash ROM cannot be adjusted casually. At this point, jump the jumper to the EPROM file and run the upgrade tool program after booting. After the progress indicator is finished, turn off the computer, jump the jumper back to 5V, restart the computer, and the BIOS update is completed.
Note: Attention should be paid to upgrading the BIOS: first, there must be supporting upgrade tools and files, and you can't use them indiscriminately; Secondly, due to the fast reading speed and slow writing speed of Flash ROM, it takes more than ten seconds to upgrade, and you must not restart or shut down during this time; Third, the BIOS should be shut down immediately after the upgrade, and the Flash ROM should be put back into the protection state to avoid the BIOS being damaged. In addition, Awdflash.exe cannot have Emm386 and similar programs running in memory.
2.2 Post-treatment. BIOS upgrade failed.
(1) Processing method with BIOS backup
Failure to upgrade the Flash BIOS will often cause the system to be paralyzed and unable to start. In this case, the BIOS content can only be recovered by the solidified boot block in the BIOS.
Insert the floppy disk for BIOS upgrade into the startup floppy disk drive, turn on the computer, and then run the BIOS upgrade tool program to rewrite the whole BIOS with the help of BIOS backup on the floppy disk.
The BIOS boot block of some motherboards only solidified the driver of ISA graphics card. If you use a PCI graphics card and it doesn't display after the upgrade fails, you should consider replacing the ISA graphics card.
(2) No BIOS backup method.
If there is no BIOS backup before the upgrade, the BIOS upgrade will fail. At this time, it is impossible to restore the machine by soft methods, because the machine can't be started at all. What should I do in this situation?
First, find the BIOS ROM of the same motherboard model, and make sure that the BIOS information in it is the same as yours (because it is generally difficult to update successfully with other BIOS Roms). Turn off the power and pull out the original BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard. Be very careful not to break the pin. Gently insert the good BIOS ROM chip, not too deep, as long as it can be turned on; Set the jumper on the motherboard that controls updating BIOS information to be valid (invalid by default, that is, protected); Start the machine and let the system run in real mode, that is, there is no program like HIMEM. SYS or EMM386.EXE in memory; Pull out the good BIOS ROM chip and insert the "bad" BIOS ROM chip. At this time, you can't turn it off, because you need to use the BIOS information that resides in the memory (hot plug is the taboo of maintenance, but it is the only way out, but as long as you are careful, there will generally be no problem); Run the BIOS upgrade program and follow the steps specified in the motherboard manual until the update is successful. At this time, you should pay attention to see whether the number of bytes prompted to update is equal to the size of your BIOS ROM block (the size is included in the motherboard manual, such as ASUS's 128KB, that is, 1FFF bytes). If they are equal, the update is generally successful; Finally, exit the program, shut down and restart (not hot start). As long as the startup is successful, you are declared finished.