Yu Ruiyang
(National Geological Archives, Beijing 100037)
Abstract This article explains the historical background, construction goals and objectives of establishing the National Geological Data Center Guiding principles, preliminary configuration, etc.
Keywords National Geological Data Center; Construction
1 Historical background of establishing the National Geological Data Center
1.1 The development of information technology for geological data management and services provide new means and technologies
Geological work is the preliminary work and basic work for the sustainable development of the national economy. To some extent, we look at all aspects of geological work, whether it is production, scientific research or management. , in essence, is a process of collecting, storing, processing, researching and applying certain information. Therefore, in geological work, from the collection of various geological information data to indoor data storage, sorting, analysis and interpretation, to the storage and maintenance of the final results, management and use, mapping and publishing, as well as scientific management and decision-making, they are all closely related to modern information. closely connected. The rapid development of modern information technology and its widespread application in various fields have provided new technologies and means for modern geological work. Modern information technology has not only changed the means and methods of geological work, but also broadened the scope and content of geological work. It has also changed the content and form of geological work results. In addition to the traditional text and pictures that can be reflected in paper media, the current geological results also include various databases and applications stored in electromagnetic media and photoelectric media, especially In the geological survey work, the acquisition, management and service of basic geological data information all reflect the presence of modern information technology. With the development of distributed database technology, WebGIS technology, cross-system and cross-platform data exchange and transmission technology, and network technology, Applications, geological data management and services are developing towards collaborative services at different levels, different categories and between different institutions.
1.2 Policy background for the construction of the National Geological Data Center
In order to strengthen the management of geological data and give full play to the role of geological data, the State Council promulgated the "Geological Data Center" on March 19, 2002. The Management Regulations require the establishment of a geological data information system. In the "Implementation Measures for the Geological Data Management Regulations" issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources on January 3, 2003, it was clearly stated that the Ministry of Land and Resources shall organize the establishment of a geological data information system. Since then, the Ministry of Land and Resources Organized and implemented a batch of geological data informatization work. In the "Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work" promulgated in 2006 (Guofa [2006] No. 4), it was pointed out that "geological data are the main carrier for geological work to serve society. Establish and improve geological data information sharing and socialized services system, accelerate the use of modern information technology, and build a national geological data center and a global mineral resources exploration and mining investment environment information service system." In the recently released "National Geological Exploration Plan", it is also clearly proposed to carry out the construction of a national geological data center, and proposes to "establish a practical and efficient geological data collection, processing, processing and storage mechanism to improve the construction of national geological data resources" Management, realizing the unification, coordination and standardization of national geological data and building a modern storage, management software and hardware support environment." All policies and regulations provide a good environment for the construction of the national geological data center.
1.3 The value of geological data in the development of the national economy is fully reflected
Geological data is the final result of various geological work and the crystallization of the labor of thousands of geologists , has the characteristics of high formation cost, wide application range, repeated use, and huge potential for economic and social benefits. Since the founding of New China, our country has invested more than 500 billion yuan in geological exploration, forming a large amount of geological data. Through the utilization of rich geological data, it has made significant contributions to the national economy and social development. Research by the United States Geological Survey shows that even based on the minimum value, the value of geological maps is 25 to 36 times the cost of mapping. In recent years, the Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau has expanded its oil reserves by 200 million tons through the development and utilization of data from more than 100 wells, saving the country 3 billion yuan in exploration costs. In today's society that enhances comprehensive national strength and achieves sustainable development of the national economy, the service fields of geological data are becoming more and more extensive, from mineral resource exploration to earth science research, from infrastructure construction to the construction of national key projects, from strengthening national defense construction to protecting the ecology The environment requires geological data to provide basic information.
In the construction of my country's socialist modernization and socialist market economic system, geological data play an increasingly important role.
1.4 The technology for establishing a national geological data center has been basically mature
The rapid development of modern information technology, especially various advanced network technologies, high-performance information storage technologies, and distribution The widespread application of modern database technology, WEBGIS technology, and cross-system and cross-platform data exchange and transmission technology has made it possible to share and serve geological data at different levels, categories, institutions, and regions. At the same time, in recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the China Geological Survey have vigorously promoted the informatization and digital construction of geological data, establishing dozens of large-scale basic databases including 1:200,000 geological map spatial database and geochemical exploration database, and newly formed All the geological data are collected into electronic files. With the support of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the China Geological Survey, the National Geological Archives is organizing the construction of a graphic geological data database. The results of these work have formed a very rich geological data. Data resources have laid a solid foundation for the construction of the National Geological Data Center.
2 Current status of geological data management in my country
2.1 Organization and management structure
2.1.1 National geological data management structure and organization situation
At present, my country's geological data are under the administrative management of the State Council and the provincial (regional, municipal) geological and mineral authorities. Government-affiliated geological data collection institutions and entrusted custody institutions have been established to take care of geological data submitted to the state. In grassroots geological survey units, the geological data (archives) library (room) keeps original, physical and resultant geological data. The management of geological data across the country has formed a management system that combines government management with the management of grassroots geological exploration units.
2.1.2 National Geological Data Collection Institutions and Organizations
At present, there are generally two types of geological data collection institutions in my country. One is the government-affiliated collection institutions. It is mainly composed of the National Geological Archives and provincial geological archives; the other is a collection institution that implements entrusted custody. This type of institution is mainly a collection institution established by various industries and industrial departments.
The National Geological Information Center was formerly the Information Department of the Ministry of Geology and was established in 1952. At present, the National Museum is mainly composed of three departments: the data collection room, the data collection room, and the data service department, which are responsible for the reception, storage, and service of geological data.
The China Geological Survey is the unit in charge of geological survey data. The China Geological Survey Development Research Center (National Geological Archive) (hereinafter referred to as the "Development Center") and its subordinate land and resources physical geological data centers and bureaus The six major geological survey centers (Tianjin, Shenyang, Nanjing, Yichang, Chengdu, and Xi'an) are the data management units.
2.2 Collection Situation
2.2.1 Collection Situation of National Geological Archives and Provincial Geological Archives
Currently, there are about 11 paper materials in the National Geological Archives. Ten thousand kinds, the amount of electronic data exceeds 4.6TB. The majority of this part of data is mineral exploration, accounting for 60% of the total. Geological research, physical and chemical remote survey, hydraulic environmental survey and regional survey account for 13.5% and 11.6% respectively. 8.5% and 6.1%. Electronic data includes electronic documents, databases, digital graphic geological data, surveying and mapping data (formed by purchase or exchange), etc.
2.2.2 The collection situation of the data management department of China Geological Survey
The data management units of China Geological Survey collect a total of about 260,000 types of data, including 4,000 resultant geological survey data In addition, it also collects a large number of other geological data, geological science and technology archives, topographic maps, geological reference documents, etc.
In addition to traditional geological data, various basic geological databases organized and implemented by the China Geological Survey are also kept in the development center. Currently, the databases kept by the development center include the national mineral area database, the national or provincial database 1:5 million, 1:2.5 million, 1:500,000, 1:250,000, 1:200,000, 1:50,000 series scale digital geological map spatial database, regional geochemical database, 1:200,000 natural heavy sand Database, borehole geological database, national isotope geological dating database, graphic geological data database, geological data catalog database, etc.
2.3 Existing problems and analysis
2.3.1 Insufficient digital resources of collection institutions
The problem of electronic document integration is serious. First, the exchange rate is low; second, the quality of the exchange is poor, the exchange is not carried out in accordance with the requirements of the format standards, and the exchange content is incomplete. After years of hard work, especially the implementation of major geological survey projects, important progress has been made in the construction of geoscience databases. However, the collection, management and service of massive data information face severe challenges. For databases that require long-term construction, there are currently no clear regulations on the integration and services of phased results.
The construction of graphic geological data databases carried out by the National Geological Archives for many years has been progressing slowly. The National Geological Archives has only completed about 22,000 types, and there is still a large amount of geological data that needs to be digitized. The digital resources of collection institutions are insufficient and it is difficult to use modern information technology to provide services, which affects the improvement of service efficiency and service levels.
2.3.2 Data sharing technology and service levels need to be improved
The sharing of geological data and social services are the long-term aspirations of geologists, but Due to management system and technical reasons, it is difficult to improve geological data sharing technology and service levels. In recent years, the China Geological Survey has done a lot of work in this area. A number of important basic geological data have initially been socialized and shared, and some public geological results data have been opened to the public, and good results have been achieved. social benefits.
Although breakthroughs have been made in the application of grid technology to realize the sharing of geological data, it is only preliminary; overall, the service sharing and technical level of geological data are still limited. Still needs to be improved. Existing service methods include manual methods, offline methods, waiting for users to come to your doorstep, conference promotion services, etc. The service scope is small, the service methods are backward, the service cost is high, the service cycle is long, the efficiency is low, the data service content is simple, and the data sharing service is individual and unsystematic, and the degree of data disclosure and data sharing are limited. The breadth is still very limited.
2.3.3 The infrastructure of the collection institution is poor, the team is weak, and the processing capacity is not strong
In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the land and resources management departments of various provinces (cities, autonomous regions) More and more attention is paid to the construction of institutional facilities for geological data collections. However, the infrastructure conditions of geological data collection institutions in most provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) across the country are poor, especially the lack of information service facilities to provide network services, which greatly reduces the quality and level of services. As a national-level geological data service provider, the National Geological Information Center faces the dilemma of having no independent service venue.
The modern management and social services of geological data require high quality of practitioners and require some comprehensive talents to provide services. This is determined by the trend of social services based on modern information technology. However, due to staffing and funding constraints, there is a considerable shortage of staff in geological data storage and service agencies across the country. The age and professional structure of the staff is not particularly reasonable. There are also certain restrictions on academic qualifications and majors. Computer talents are particularly in short supply. This status quo has greatly restricted the development of social services, hindered the process of social services, reduced the utilization rate of geological data, and weakened the social benefits that geological data can produce.
Limited by the number and quality of the library’s staff, it is difficult to conduct in-depth comprehensive research on geological data. Inadequate demand research. The existing results cannot be released to the public in a timely manner, processing and other related needs cannot be met in a timely manner, and the service level is low. It can only maintain daily work and cannot adapt to the huge changes that modern information technology has brought to data work.
2.3.4 Data resources are scattered and data integration and coordination need to be carried out at the national level
Geological data are used by tens of thousands of people in the national geological exploration industry (hundreds of thousands of people in its heyday) The results of long-term field surveys and explorations by geologists, as well as the regional and industrial characteristics of the production process, determine that production and management are decentralized. Geological data are distributed in the national geological and mining industries, including the China Geological Survey, and industrial departments such as metallurgy, nonferrous metals, petroleum, coal, building materials, chemical industry, nuclear industry, and the Armed Police Gold Command. The traditional fragmented system determines that massive geological data are basically owned and used only by this industry, department or unit. There are management and institutional barriers to data sharing between industries and departments. Obstacles, resulting in low-level duplication of work and waste of large amounts of resources.
2.3.5 The data sharing mechanism needs to be established and improved
Many geological data involve confidentiality issues, and the relevant confidentiality regulations have not formed an effective set of confidentiality levels and upgrades. The declassified evaluation system limits the effective use of data; the management of geological data lacks due positioning and scientific evaluation system; the imperfect legal system leads to weak social binding force and the lack of an effective sharing mechanism. As a result, the responsibilities, rights, and interests of producers, owners, managers, and users of geological data are unclear, the rights and interests of all parties cannot be reasonably protected, the enthusiasm for data sharing is low, and the concept of sharing is weak. , the intellectual property rights of data cannot be protected, and basic issues related to data services such as the classification of shared data, the principle of paid services, the relationship between several units involved in data services, and the mechanism of data update and maintenance are still needed. solve.
3 Overall goals and guiding principles for the construction of the National Geological Data Center
3.1 Overall Goals
The overall goals for the construction of the National Geological Data Center are: The geological data formed by quasi-geological work is the core, with the realization of social sharing of geological data as the orientation (goal), using modern information technology as the means, and in accordance with unified standards and specifications to establish geological data collection and storage , comprehensive research and analysis and social services and other functions of the national geological data center management system, to achieve the integrated organization management and social sharing of national geological data, promote the development and utilization of geological data, and provide services for land and resources management, National economic construction and social development, providing basic data information and exchange platform.
3.2 Guiding Principles
The construction of the National Geological Data Center is a long-term systematic project. During its construction process, it should be guided by "demand-oriented and application-driven development; The guiding principle of unified planning and step-by-step implementation; simultaneous implementation of software and hardware environments, and software appropriately advanced; from easy to difficult, urgent needs first."
4 Preliminary conception of the construction of the National Geological Data Center
4.1 Institutional conception of the Geological Data Center
4.1.1 Structure of the National Geological Data Center
At present, my country's geological data management model is a two-level collection institution, and special geological data are entrusted for safekeeping. According to the current geological data management model, the national geological data data center should be composed of multiple geological data storage units nationwide. Establish a geological data data center management system consisting of "center (national level) - sub-center (provincial level, industry, professional)", which requires both substantial geological data management and service organizations (i.e. unit entities) and The virtual geological data data directory and information center are connected through modern information technology such as the Internet. The geological data data center entity is responsible for the collection, preservation and development services of geological data.
The construction of the National Geological Data Center should rely on the National Geological Data Center to establish a core layer including land and resources physical geological data centers and other units; make full use of modern information technology to establish a network of provincial, industry and The peripheral layer consists of various professional geological data data centers and other units; forming a national-level geological data data exchange and information sharing system.
4.1.2 The organizational structure of the National Geological Data Center
The core business of the National Geological Data Center is the management and service of geological data. In terms of business, it should at least consist of the following: Partial composition:
Geological data data intelligence agency: collects geological data and data formation and management information, and also collects geoscientific data and data formation, storage, management and service information that the data center cannot directly store.
Geological data collection and storage organization: collects and keeps various geological data and data managed by the data center, and maintains and updates geoscientific data.
Geological data processing and service organization: Process the information and data stored in the data center according to social needs, and provide public welfare services to the society.
Geological Data Comprehensive Research Institution: Carry out comprehensive research on the demand for geological data and data based on the development of the national economy, and provide technical support for the sustainable development of the national economy.
Administrative agency: Ensure the normal operation of the National Geological Data Center.
Auxiliary agencies: Provide auxiliary support for various business tasks.
4.2 The work content of the construction of the National Geological Data Center
The construction of the National Geological Data Center is a systematic project that involves many contents and departments. Specifically, it includes at least the following aspects work.
4.2.1 Construction of infrastructure
The social services and resource sharing of geological data require a good software and hardware environment, and the social services of geological data and information require A good software and hardware environment requires the construction of infrastructure, continuous improvement of the facilities and functions of geological data information management institutions, and fundamental improvement of the geological data information service environment and service facilities. In terms of infrastructure construction, the required facilities and equipment needs should be considered from the reception, acceptance, sorting, storage, custody, service and other functions of geological data information to ensure that the management agency can truly perform its functions.
4.2.2 Data resource construction
All the business of the data center is carried out around geological data. Digital resources are an important foundation for the development of social services and are the basis for the survival and survival of the data center. An important guarantee for development, only with sufficient data resources can we effectively promote social services of geological data. Therefore, we should accelerate the construction of geological data resources in accordance with the principles of unified standards, highlighted priorities, and urgent needs first, basically complete the digital original accumulation of main resources, standardize resource construction, operation management, maintenance and update, research application, and socialized service systems, and build Modern resource storage and management software and hardware support environment, and the establishment of high-quality management and business teams.
4.2.3 Standardization construction
The National Geological Data Center is a platform and link for the exchange of geological data and geoscience data in my country. Without standardization, the exchange of data and real resources cannot be realized. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of systems and standards for data exchange and sharing in the national geological data data center, regional geological data data sub-centers (provincial level), industry sub-centers and professional sub-centers, and establish and improve Relevant policies, regulations, technical standards and work specifications to achieve the unification, coordination and standardized management of national geological data.
4.2.4 Construction of data sharing platform
The National Geological Data Center is the window for socialized services of geological data in my country. Without a sharing platform, numerous Profile data will not be able to provide services to the society through the data center. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate, coordinate and manage various data at the national level. Through the integration of data resources between departments and units, complementary advantages can be achieved and scattered, independent and partial data resources can be transformed into complete and systematic ones. and overall national resources, establish a sharing platform to achieve cross-department, cross-industry, cross-disciplinary, and cross-regional data sharing and services, so that data resources can be added value. On the basis of unified standards and unified specifications, the portals and service platforms of various geological data data centers are linked through the network, and a multi-level geological data data sharing and exchange network relying on the public network and combining virtual and real is finally formed. The system provides support for the network management and public services of geological data across the country, and lays a solid foundation for providing one-stop service and management.
4.2.5 Research on Geological Data Management Theory
my country’s geological data management has experienced more than fifty years of development and evolution. With the development of geological work, especially modern information The application of technology in geological work, geological data and data management have shown many new characteristics, requiring new management methods and theories to guide them. Through the research of management theory, we can scientifically guide the development of geological data management in my country.