The previous article shared the classification and batches of Chinese universities. This article focuses on introducing the key industries with promising prospects in China in the next few years. I hope that college entrance examination students who are about to apply for majors will fill in their application and study at school. It is helpful for college students to find jobs.
Only by following national strategies and following development trends can we be in a leading position in the future world. Take the headhunting industry I work in as an example. In the past, as China joined the WTO in 2001, participated in the international division of labor, and gradually became known as the world's factory, China's manufacturing industry has developed by leaps and bounds. At this time, many headhunting companies focused on manufacturing. Later, with the rise of China's real estate industry, many headhunters entered the real estate industry. Later, with the rapid development of IT and the Internet, headhunters also entered the Internet industry. Because, the better the development momentum of any industry, the greater the space and opportunities for headhunters to develop in that industry. In the past two years, "hard technology" has become a key national strategy, an industry development trend and a new driving force for national economic development. Therefore, it can be said that the "hard technology" industry can be said to be one of the large industries with good development prospects in the next few years.
Let’s share information from national policies and related industry research institutions below on some industries with good development opportunities in the next few years.
1. National Strategy: Ten Key Areas Involved in "Made in China 2025"
"Made in China 2025" was proposed in 2015 to achieve the strategic goal of becoming a manufacturing power. The first ten-year action plan focuses on ten key areas related to high-tech industries and advanced manufacturing.
Let’s first talk about the background and significance of the “Made in China 2025” strategy that everyone can understand. Similar terms are called "Industry 4.0" in Germany and "Industrial Internet" in the United States. In essence, this is the national industrial development planned and designed by various countries in order to seize the commanding heights of industry and the highest point of wealth in today's information, digital and intelligent era. Strategy, just like in the era of steam, electrification, and automation, Western countries have occupied leadership positions in related fields. A large number of property rights, patents, profits, and wealth are owned by them. We can only be at the downstream of the entire industrial chain, sacrificing the environment and resources to earn Cheap labor remuneration. In recent years, the trade war launched by the United States against my country can be said to be largely aimed at the "Made in China 2025" plan, which it believes may threaten their future technological dominance. This is the meaning of "Made in China 2025". It can be said that the implementation of the plan is directly related to the country's industrial development, transformation and upgrading. We can't always rely on FDC to drive the national economy, right? Let’s focus on the ten key areas involved in “Made in China 2025”.
1. New generation information technology: mainly includes IC integrated circuits and related equipment, communication technology, operating systems and industrial software. For example, the fifth generation mobile communications (5G) technology was mainly broken through by Huawei in this context, and it was at the forefront of countries such as the United States and Germany. Therefore, our heroic company Huawei also suffered from the arrogance of the whole country of this beautiful country. Suppress.
2. High-end CNC machine tools and robots: my country is the largest manufacturing country, but it is not a manufacturing power because the manufacturing-related high-end CNC machine tools, robots and core component-related technologies are still lagging behind in my country. To others, controlled by others. In view of "Made in China 2025", it is proposed to develop and develop industrial robots and special robots such as automobiles, machinery, electronics, dangerous goods manufacturing, national defense industry, chemical industry, light industry, etc., as well as service robots such as medical and health care, home services, education and entertainment. New products promote the standardization and modular development of robots, and break through technical bottlenecks in the design and manufacturing of key components such as robot bodies, reducers, servo motors, controllers, sensors and drivers, and system integration. Therefore, in the future, a number of outstanding companies will emerge in these fields.
3. Aerospace equipment: At present, our country can be said to be among the best in the world in the field of aerospace. It has a relatively good foundation and development platform in this field. Therefore, if we choose the aerospace field, we also have a better development prospects. Of course, my country still has shortcomings in the field of aviation engines.
"Made in China 2025" proposes to accelerate the development of large aircraft, start the development of wide-body passenger aircraft, and develop heavy-duty helicopters; make breakthroughs in engine technology; develop advanced airborne equipment and systems to form a completely independent and complete aviation industry chain. Therefore, it is also very good to choose and enter the aerospace field.
4. Marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships: "Made in China 2025" points out that we must vigorously develop deep-sea exploration, resource development and utilization, offshore operation support equipment and its key systems and special equipment. Promote the development and engineering of deep-sea space stations and large floating structures. Form comprehensive testing, detection and identification capabilities for marine engineering equipment and improve the level of marine development and utilization. Break through the design and construction technology of luxury cruise ships, comprehensively enhance the international competitiveness of high-tech ships such as liquefied natural gas ships, and master the core technologies of integrated, intelligent, and modular design and manufacturing of key supporting equipment. As China's strength and international status continue to improve, it is the general trend to go to the ocean.
5. Advanced rail transit equipment: Since the proposal of "Made in China 2025", China's rail transit equipment manufacturing has the highest degree of independent innovation in the field of high-end equipment manufacturing in my country, the strongest international innovation competitiveness, and the most obvious industrial driving effect. one of the industries. In the future, we will further develop a new generation of green, intelligent, high-speed and heavy-duty rail transit equipment systems, provide users with overall solutions around the entire life cycle of the system, and establish a world-leading modern rail transit industry system.
6. Energy conservation and new energy development: In terms of energy, "Made in China 2025" aims at energy conservation and new energy technologies, especially in the field of new energy vehicles. Currently, China and the United States are at the forefront of the world. , our country has formed an advantageous industrial chain and national brand, and formed a complete industrial system and innovation system from key components to complete vehicles. In addition, the fields of photovoltaic new energy and energy storage and energy conservation are developing very well. Therefore, if you choose the new energy field, there are many opportunities for future development.
7. Electric power equipment: In recent years, my country's installed capacity of power generation equipment and length of transmission lines have ranked first in the world, and complete sets of large-scale power generation, ultra-high voltage power transmission and transformation, and smart grid equipment have reached the world's leading level. In the future, we will further promote the development of new energy and renewable energy equipment, advanced energy storage devices, power transmission and transformation for smart grids, and user-end equipment, and make breakthroughs in the manufacturing and application of key components and materials such as high-power power electronic devices and high-temperature superconducting materials. technology to form industrialization capabilities.
8. Agricultural machinery and equipment: At present, my country’s output of tractors, combine harvesters, plant protection machinery, agricultural water pumps and other agricultural machinery and equipment ranks first in the world. However, due to my country’s early agricultural development model and our country’s Affected by the geographical environment, agricultural machinery equipment manufacturing technology is underdeveloped, and relevant core technologies are still in the hands of other countries. Because "Made in China 2025" proposes to accelerate the development of high-end agricultural equipment and key core components such as large tractors and their compound work tools, large and efficient combine harvesters. Improve the information collection, intelligent decision-making and precise operation capabilities of agricultural machinery and equipment, and promote the formation of an overall information-based solution for agricultural production. China is also a country that attaches great importance to agricultural development. It can be said that it can do a lot in this field.
9. Biomedicine and high-performance medical devices: Although human technology has advanced at present, people's risk of being threatened by diseases and viruses has not decreased but has increased. A global epidemic has affected the global economy and development. Go backwards and stop millions of lives here. Moreover, biomedicine and high-performance medical devices are our most prominent shortcomings. Therefore, there is still a lot of room for development in the fields of biomedicine and high-performance medical devices. However, what I want to say here is that if you want to develop well in the field of biomedicine and find a good job, it is recommended to go to a better university, and then you must at least go to graduate school before you can hope to enter related core fields.
10. New materials: The development direction of new materials pointed out by "Made in China 2025" is: special metallic functional materials, high-performance structural materials, functional polymer materials, special inorganic non-metallic materials and advanced composite materials Materials are the focus of development, accelerating the research and development of key technologies and equipment for the preparation of new materials, breaking through the bottleneck of industrial preparation; developing special new materials for military and civilian use; planning and developing strategies such as superconducting materials, nanomaterials, graphene, and bio-based materials in advance Cutting edge materials. At present, our country is still very weak in the field of new materials. Entering this field requires hard work and long-term persistence.
2. The information innovation industry under the trend of localization
The information innovation industry is the information technology application innovation industry. "Xinchuang" comes from the "Information Technology Application Innovation Working Committee". The Working Committee was established on March 4, 2016. It is a non-profit social organization initiated by 24 units engaged in the research, application and service of key software and hardware technologies. Although the Internet industry has been affected by certain policies in the past two years due to the barbaric growth and capital control, in recent years, the Sino-US trade and the beautiful country have often artificially restricted our necks and deliberately restricted our development. Therefore, Localization is also the current key strategic layout of the country. Xinchuang is the highlight of localization. Taking the Xinchuang industry as an opportunity to fully realize localization with operating systems, chips, databases, application software, etc. as the core, it is a trillion-level market and will become an important driver of economic development. One of the hands. Therefore, there will be many development opportunities for the localized information innovation industry in the future.
In fact, Xinchuang Entrepreneurship and "New Generation Information Technology", the first field in "Made in China 2025", are basically the same field, and the related contents overlap and complement each other. The Xinchuang industry mainly involves the following four major areas:
1. IT infrastructure: CPU chips, servers, storage, switches, routers, cloud computing, etc.
2. Basic software: operating system, database, middleware, BIOS, etc.
3. Application software: OA, ERP, office software, government affairs applications, streaming version signing software, etc.
4. Information security: border security products, terminal security products, etc.
The majors involved in Xinchuang Industry are mainly IT computers, network security, communications, electronic circuits, new materials, mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanical design and other related disciplines.
3. Hard technology field
The concept of "hard technology" was first coined in 2010 by Mi Lei, a doctor of optics at the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and founding partner of China Science and Technology Star propose. In 2021, as the Sino-US trade war further intensifies, hard technology will receive more and more attention from our country. Hard technology refers to what is based on scientific discoveries and technological inventions and formed after long-term research and accumulation. It has a high technical threshold and clear application scenarios. It can represent the most advanced level of scientific and technological development in the world and lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Key core technologies that play a significant supporting role in economic and social development. Hard technology is a technology that is higher than high technology. It can be said that in today's intelligent era, hard technology is the cornerstone of a country's strength.
In the past ten years, we have enjoyed the convenience brought by the Internet and mobile Internet tirelessly. But everything you enjoy comes from the advancement of hard technologies such as optical fiber communications, GPS navigation systems, big data computing and artificial intelligence. Otherwise, we can only go back to the 1G and 2G era, and the era of mobile phones for the elderly. Hard technology mainly includes eight major industries, including artificial intelligence, aerospace, biotechnology, optoelectronic chips, new generation information technology, new materials, new energy, and intelligent manufacturing, as well as dozens of sub-industries. It is an important trend in the development of science and technology in the next 30 years, but it requires long-term investment and is expected to become a new engine and driving force for future innovation and development.
The "hard technology" of the United States is still in a leading position in the world, such as: Intel, the chip giant in the basic electronic information industry, Broadcom, Qualcomm, and NVIDIA, the world's top three IC designers, and EDA leader Synopsys Technology, etc.; basic In the field of equipment, energy giant General Electric, semiconductor equipment manufacturer Applied Materials, etc.; in the field of new materials, pioneers DuPont, 3M, Corning, etc.; in pharmaceutical giants Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Merck, Eli Lilly, etc., many of these companies have already achieved great success. For hundreds of years, it has endured despite the storm.
At present, China leads the world in five major industries: communication equipment, rail transit equipment, power transmission and transformation equipment, textiles and clothing, and household appliances. There are six major industries that are advanced in the world: aerospace equipment, power generation equipment, new energy vehicles, steel, petrochemicals, and building materials. However, the overall foundation is still weak. The first is integrated circuits and their special equipment, which are far behind the international advanced level. This also led to the ZTE and Huawei incidents. The second is that operating systems and industrial software are still very backward. The third is the aviation engine.
The fourth is new materials, which are far behind the international advanced level. These areas present both challenges and opportunities.
The above is an introduction to industry trends with good development prospects in China in the next few years. Of course, this does not mean that only these industries have good development opportunities. In fact, there are many traditional industries that also have good development. This requires us to lay a solid foundation and meet the opportunities and challenges. In the next issue, we will focus on sharing the relevant university majors involved in the above related industries.