First, the limited liability system. That is, investors bear the debt liability with their capital contribution. With the limited liability system, the whole society can make trial and error for high-risk new technology investment, and large-scale industrial investment becomes possible. 1855, Britain promulgated the world's first limited liability law.
Second, the patent system. In other words, the inventor is granted the exclusive right to his invention. The patent system in the modern sense was promulgated by Britain in 1623, and its core feature is the technical invention right granted by the sovereign government to the inventor. With this system, scientific and technological innovation will change from individual behavior to national behavior, and scientific and technological innovation will become the core of national value. In the field of academic research, the patent system is considered to be an important reason why the industrial revolution took the lead in Britain.
Third, the voting system. /kloc-the glorious revolution of 0/688 created the modern voting system and invented the system of establishing state leaders through voting in the history of human society. The essence of voting system is to elect national leaders. Prior to this, both the East and the West generally followed the hereditary system to establish national leaders, and all roads lead to the same goal-the eldest son was the hereditary heir.
Fourth, the court system. 170 1 year, Britain promulgated the law of succession to the throne, which established the system that the court was independent of the king and parliament. This is the first time in human history that judicial power is not the right of kings, but the right of secular society.
The above four great inventions were first invented by Britain, followed by France and the United States, and they are getting better and better. Among the four great inventions, the first two solved the problem between man and nature, thus breaking out a huge productivity that has never been seen in human history; The latter two have solved the relationship between people and countries, and a modern country and society have emerged. The great achievements of the western world have made many countries and nations in the world compete to learn to imitate, and the four great inventions have swept the world.