With the switching of the national six emission standards, Volkswagen's models have also been replaced with DQ38 1 gearbox, thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving better emission results. But if you want to understand the mystery, you have to start with Volkswagen's dual-clutch gearbox.
History of Volkswagen DSG gearbox
There are two theories about the origin of dual clutch gearbox technology. One is the technology proposed by Adolphe Kégresse, a Frenchman, in 1939. To put it another way, Rudolf Frank, a professor at Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany, applied for a patent at 1940.
In the mid-1980s, dual clutch gearbox technology began to be applied to racing cars. Until 2003, when people were enjoying the comfort brought by the automatic gearbox, Volkswagen loaded the first DQ250 six-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox on the fourth-generation Golf R32 and Audi TT V6, bringing the dual-clutch gearbox to civilian cars, which also marked the start of mass production of the dual-clutch gearbox.
Since then, DQ200, DQ500, DQ380, DQ38 1 and DQ400e gearboxes have started mass production and loading.
In 2007, in order to meet the demand of small cars, Volkswagen introduced the first small torque dry power shift system-DQ200.
In 2009, DQ500, a high torque product developed based on DQ250 technology platform, was put into production.
20 14 The more efficient DQ380 developed in China market based on MQB vehicle platform came into being. DQ380 is further optimized on the basic platform of DQ500, and the generalization rate of the two parts is as high as 70%.
In the same year, DQ 400e, a highly integrated hybrid transmission with P2 configuration, was loaded.
In 20 17, due to stricter fuel consumption and emission trends, Volkswagen upgraded to form a new generation of efficient DCT-DQ38 1 based on DQ380 platform technology, and compared with DQ380, the emission was reduced by 9g/km.
According to the horizontal and vertical layout of the powertrain, they named the dual-clutch gearbox as DQ and DL series respectively, and the vertical dual-clutch gearbox of DL series appeared more on Audi models. Secondly, according to the tolerable torque, it is subdivided into different models.
Take DQ38 1-7A as an example to illustrate the naming of Volkswagen DSG products. The letter 1 indicates the type of gearbox, D= dual clutch gearbox, and A= planetary gear automatic gearbox. The second letter indicates the installation form of the gearbox, Q= horizontal, L= vertical, the third and fourth numbers indicate the maximum torque, and 38 indicates that the maximum bearing torque is 420Nm；; The fifth digit indicates the generation of the product; The sixth digit indicates the number of files; The seventh letter indicates the driving form, A= four-wheel drive, and F= precursor.
The original intention of dual clutch gearbox development is to combine the efficiency of manual gearbox with the convenience of automatic gearbox. It can shift gears manually or automatically, which is easier to control than the traditional automatic transmission and can transmit more power, but it also responds faster than the manual transmission.
Take the 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox as an example. It has two sets of clutches and two sets of input shafts. K 1 clutch control 1, 3, 5 and 7 gears, and K2 clutch controls 2, 4, 6 and R gears. When a set of clutches and gears transmit power, the next gear has been combined. Only at this time, the clutch is disengaged and there is no power transmission. When shifting gears, only the clutch needs to be switched. The power outage was short.
The difference between dry clutch and wet clutch is that one of the two clutches is dry and cooled by wind; One is immersed in gearbox oil and cooled with oil. Compared with wet powershift, dry powershift is more efficient and more fuel-efficient. Moreover, the structure is simpler than the wet type, and the cost is lower like the ordinary manual gearbox. But the heat dissipation capacity is not as good as that of wet type.
What really makes the dual-clutch gearbox familiar in China is the imported Magotan 3.2V6 that Volkswagen listed in China in 2007. In the same year, the gearbox project invested by Volkswagen in Dalian was successfully completed and officially put into production on 20 10 to produce a 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox.
In 20 12, the second gearbox factory of Volkswagen China settled in Tianjin, producing two 7-speed wet DSG dual-clutch gearboxes, DQ380 and DQ500. It was completed and put into production in 20 14, and the first batch of products put into production was Volkswagen's new generation powershift DQ380.
Upgrade from 0 to 1
Since the era of EA888 Gen3, Volkswagen has used DQ380 dual-clutch gearbox to replace DQ250 dual-clutch gearbox on a large scale. DQ380 is based on DQ500, and the torque limit is increased from 350 Nm of DQ250 to 420 Nm. DQ380 not only has a tighter gear ratio connection, but also has a wider gear ratio range, which helps to optimize fuel consumption performance.
But not long after the introduction of DQ380, DQ38 1 has been developed. Compared with DQ380, DQ38 1 has mainly made the following improvements:
1, the transmission shaft and differential adopt low friction bearings to reduce friction loss;
2. Adopt low-friction oil seal to reduce friction loss;
3. Equipped with electronic oil pump to support engine flameout when taxiing;
4, with two configuration options: front drive and four-wheel drive;
5. The smaller the gear module, the smaller the transmission noise and the higher the comfort;
6. Upgrade TCU software version to optimize the safety of control function.
Generally speaking, DQ38 1 has better fuel economy, lower carbon dioxide emission and further improved ride comfort. Moreover, the official also said that with the switching of the national six emission standards, the DQ380 dual-clutch gearbox will gradually stop loading this year and be replaced by DQ38 1 dual-clutch gearbox. In addition, with the trend of electrification, the public is also ready.
The first step towards new energy sources
At present, the Volkswagen brand plug-in hybrid vehicles on sale in the domestic market, including Golf GTE, Wei Lan GTE, Tiguan L New Energy, Passat New Energy, Magotan GTE and Tan Yue GTE, are all equipped with a plug-in hybrid power system consisting of 1.4TSI engine and motor; Matching it is the DQ400e gearbox.
On the basis of the dual-clutch gearbox, DQ400e adds a clutch and a motor with a maximum power of 85 kW. Add a third clutch to connect the engine and motor. With the large torque of the motor at low speed, the vehicle is driven at the starting and low speed stages, saving fuel consumption.
Three working processes of DQ400e:
1. Motor drive: When the K0 clutch is disconnected, the vehicle is driven by pure electricity, and the connection between the motor and the engine is disconnected;
2, internal combustion engine drive: when the power requirements are not high. When the K0 clutch is closed, the vehicle is driven by the engine and drives the motor to rotate at the same time. As a generator, it charges the high-voltage battery with the help of the inverter.
3. Internal combustion engine and motor * * * drive at the same time: when a high-power request is issued, the K0 clutch is closed, and the motor and engine * * * drive the vehicle at the same time, providing more powerful power.
In addition to plug-in, there is pure electric. When six models including ID. Chu Jian, ID 3, ID. Curly hair, ID card. Vezi Weng, ID card. ROOMZZ and ID. The off-road vehicle is arranged in the center of the stage, and you will experience the electrification offensive of Volkswagen.
Motor capable of being loaded into sports bag
Volkswagen once said that in 2025, nearly half of the 33 MEB platform models will come from China, two-thirds of the 654.38+0 million vehicles will be produced in China, and 25%-35% of the models sold by Volkswagen in China will be pure electric vehicles. To this end, two MEB plants in China are accelerating to achieve the goal of commissioning in 2020, with an annual total production capacity of 600,000 vehicles.
APP3 10 is the most important part. What is APP3 10? This is a permanent magnet synchronous motor with parallel shafts. Its APP name comes from the layout of the drive and gearbox parallel to the axle, and 3 10 represents the maximum torque.
It will be used in the electric powertrain of the ID.3 model. In the future, it will be applied to the new MEB platform series of Volkswagen brands. The power system includes a motor controller, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a single-speed gearbox. The maximum power of the driving motor is 150kW, and the peak torque is 3 10Nm.
The three-in-one structure significantly reduces the vertical space occupation of the electric control system, making the whole electric drive system more compact and reducing the center of gravity. What, I don't know? From the official picture, it can be packed into a sports bag, and the overall weight of the motor is only about 90 kg.
APP3 10 adopts flat hairpin winding technology in its motor stator, which can not only improve the power density of the motor, but also effectively reduce the volume of the driving motor. In September this year, APP3 10 will be made in China at Volkswagen Automatic Transmission (Tianjin) Factory. It is estimated that the annual production capacity will be 330,000 vehicles, which will be supplied to MEB pure electric platform vehicles put into production in Anting and Foshan.
Write it at the end
Dual clutch gearbox, although controversial and bumpy all the way, is still booming. With the development of technology, DSG gearbox is also advancing and improving iteratively. At present, DQ38 1 has been greatly improved in transmission efficiency, applicability and gear back control. And it has the flexibility of manual gearbox, the comfort of automatic gearbox and uninterrupted power output, which is the significance of its existence.
At the same time, with the advent of the electrification era, Volkswagen has also begun to open the era of new energy electric vehicles. In the next few years, the domestic and ID series of APP3 10 will intensively launch mass-produced new products to strengthen the competitiveness of Volkswagen brands in the pure electric market. At present, the opponent of electric vehicles is not a new force, but an old-fashioned powerhouse of traditional car companies.
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.