(1) soaking seeds in warm soup This is the most traditional seed treatment method, that is, soaking seeds in hot water at 55℃. The specific method is as follows: first, pour one part of cold water (at room temperature, 5- 10 times the amount of seeds) into a container containing seeds, then pour two parts of boiling water (up to 55-60℃), stir with a stick thermometer while pouring water, then heat the water at any time, keep it at 55℃ for 10 minute, and then naturally drop it to 30℃ to soak the seeds.
(2) Hot water scalding: put the seeds into a container, first pour some cold water to soak the seeds, then pour boiling water, stir in one direction with a stick thermometer to make the temperature reach 70 ~ 75℃, keep it for 2 minutes, then pour cold water to reduce the water temperature to 30℃, and continue soaking for 12 hours.
The above two methods are characterized by simplicity and low cost.
(3) When the seeds of Momordica charantia are not fully mature, drying them in the sun (dry heat treatment at 50 ~ 60℃) for about 4 hours can not only promote after-ripening, but also increase yield. This method is very simple and practical when farmers collect seeds themselves.
(4) Chemical treatment can be divided into seed dressing and seed soaking, which are mainly used to improve germination rate, disinfect seeds and promote growth and health.
Pesticide seed dressing is generally disinfected with bactericides such as captan, quintozene, carbendazim, chlorpheniramine, trichlorfon, thiram and trichlorfon, and the dosage is 0.2% ~ 0.3% of the seed weight, which is suitable for dry mixing, that is, both pesticides and seeds are dry. This is not easy to cause drug damage. Seeds mixed with medicinal powder should be sown directly.
When soaking seeds with liquid medicine, the concentration of liquid medicine and soaking time must be strictly controlled, otherwise it is easy to cause phytotoxicity. Generally, the seeds are soaked in clear water for 3-4 hours, then soaked in liquid medicine, and then the seeds are taken out according to the specified time, and washed repeatedly with clear water until there is no medicinal smell. Commonly used fungicides are formalin (40% formaldehyde) 100 times water soaking 10 ~ 15 minutes, 1% copper sulfate aqueous solution soaking for 5 minutes; Soak the virus inactivating agent in 10% trisodium phosphate or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 20 minutes; The germination accelerating agent is 0. 1% thiourea or 5 ~ 10 microliter/liter gibberellin aqueous solution for seed soaking 12 hours.
In addition, seeds can be soaked in 500 ~ 700 μ l/L aqueous solution of trace elements, such as boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, etc., which can promote the physiological activity and enzyme activity of seeds, and also make the roots develop and the seedlings develop healthily.