1. China's national nature (p4)
China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
2. At this stage, the Chinese people include (p4)
workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of the socialist cause, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland.
Note that China citizens who do not belong to the people of China are:
criminals deprived of political rights
foreigners with China nationality
people who split the country
hostile forces and elements who are hostile to and destroy the socialist system.
3. People are the masters of our country and society. (p4)
(The expression of the master's status: equal enjoyment of state and social affairs)
4. What are civil rights? What are the basic rights of citizens? (p5)
Civil rights refer to certain rights recognized by the Constitution and laws and granted to citizens.
because the civil rights stipulated in the constitution are the most important and fundamental rights of citizens, they are called the basic rights of citizens.
What are the similarities and differences between people and citizens? Who are our citizens? (p6)
People are political concepts, with different classes in different countries and different historical periods of the same country
Content
Citizens are legal concepts, which refer to people who have the nationality of a certain country and enjoy rights and
assume obligations according to the constitution and laws of that country.
China citizen: You must have the nationality of China to be considered a citizen of China. (Some of China's super-born people don't have
China nationality, so they can't be regarded as citizens of China)
6. How are the rights of Chinese citizens guaranteed? (p7)
China has established a rights guarantee system with the Constitution as the core and legislative and judicial guarantees as the main contents,
to protect citizens' rights.
legislative protection: it is to confirm citizens' rights in the form of law and use the state's coercive power to safeguard them
.
judicial guarantee: it refers to punishing all kinds of infringement by law and protecting citizens' rights.
7. What are the basic rights of Chinese citizens? (p9)
The basic rights of citizens involve politics, economy, culture and other fields, covering family life, school life,
social life and many other aspects. Specifically, it includes: ① equal rights ② political rights and freedoms ③ freedom of religious belief ④
personal freedom ⑨
(Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights. )
8. Should citizens exercise their rights correctly in this way? (p1--11)
① p > ① Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.
② When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the national, social and collective interests.
③ You should exercise your rights within the scope permitted by law.
④ exercise rights in a legal way.
9. How to exercise the right of freedom of speech (P11)
First, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others.
Second, citizens should not use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity
, undermine social morality and disrupt social order.
1. Citizens' obligations can be divided into legal obligations and moral obligations. What is legal obligation?
What are the basic obligations of Chinese citizens stipulated in the Constitution? (p16)
The citizen's obligation stipulated in our constitution is a legal obligation and also a basic obligation of our citizens. Statutory obligations refer to the obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated by the Constitution and laws. (The specific content is marked in the textbook, with ***6 articles)
11. What is moral obligation, what is its function, and what are the basic moral norms that Chinese citizens must abide by
? (p17)
refers to the fact that members of society voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society according to social ethics. Love
law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and friendship, diligence and self-improvement, dedication and dedication
12. Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (p14-15 pages)
① We can't just get without paying, and we can't just enjoy rights without fulfilling obligations. (2) As for the legal obligation,
we must fulfill it, because it is stipulated by the Constitution and laws. (3) In our country, the rights and obligations of citizens are of a
nature. Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations.
13. What is the relationship between Chinese law and socialist morality? (p19.d1)
China's laws and socialist morality cooperate, promote and complement each other. All acts prohibited by law are condemned by socialist morality; There are many legal obligations, which are also the requirements of socialist morality.
14. How to faithfully perform obligations?
① What the law encourages, we actively do
② What the law requires, we must do
③ What the law forbids, and we will never do
Unit 2
1. What is the right of personality? (p25)
Personality right is the right to be a human being.
2. What does the personality right contain? What are their characteristics? (p25)
(1) material personality right (life and health right)
(2) spiritual personality right (freedom, name, portrait, reputation and privacy)
3. What is the primary personality right? (p25d.2)
Among the citizens' personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position
4. Characteristics of personality rights (p24,25)
① Personality rights are the premise for people to connect themselves with society and have various contacts and exchanges with others.
② The right of personality is accompanied with life, and it has been with us since birth
③ It is enjoyed by everyone alone, and it cannot be transferred, abandoned or inherited, nor is it illegally restricted by others, nor can it be separated from our personal life.
5. What does the right to personal freedom include? (P26)
Answer: ① Within the scope permitted by law, citizens' body and will are completely controlled by themselves
② Citizens' bodies are not illegally searched
③ Citizens' bodies are not illegally confined
④ Citizens' bodies are not illegally detained
6. What are the special protections for minors in China's laws? (p26.d2)
A: ① Chinese laws prohibit maltreatment and abandonment of minors, infant drowning and abandonment.
② employers are prohibited from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16.
③ It is forbidden to arrange underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18) to engage in underground, toxic and harmful labor with high labor intensity.
7. What laws protect citizens' right to life and health in China? (p27)
A: Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law and Public Security Administration Punishment Law
8. What are the laws that specifically protect minors?
Law on the Protection of Minors and Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency 9. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health? (p28)
A: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise, and improve our health level, so that we can have a strong
healthy body and an uplifting spirit
② We have the right to receive timely medical treatment when we are sick, restore health, and enhance our health
③ When our life and health are illegally infringed by others, we have the right to defend ourselves according to law and request legal protection
1. Personal dignity. (p35)
right of reputation, portrait, name, privacy, life and health, freedom, etc.
11. The meaning and expression of the right of reputation (P38)
The right of reputation is the right that people enjoy according to law to exclude others from infringing on their objective social evaluation.
it mainly includes: the right to control reputation interests and the right to maintain reputation.
12. What are the acts that infringe on the right of reputation? (p38, 39)
① Insult: refers to the behavior of degrading the personality and damaging the reputation of others by language, writing or violent means, which can be divided into verbal insults, verbal insults and violent insults.
② Defamation: refers to the act of fabricating and spreading false facts out of nothing and maliciously slandering others, which can be divided into oral libel and literal libel.
③ The news report is untrue.
④ false accusation.
13. What is the right to portrait? (p4)
Portrait is the reappearance of human image centered on appearance.
14. What are the ways to express portraits? (p4)
Painting (self-portrait), sculpture, paper-cutting, photography, video recording, etc.
15. What is the status of portrait? (p4)
Portrait is also the basic symbol of everyone's personality.
16. What does the right to portrait include? (p41)
Portrait rights include: the right to make portraits, the right to use them and the right to be paid.
17. What are the violations of portrait rights? (p41.d2)
(1) If a citizen's portrait (advertisement, magazine cover, calendar) is used for profit, the consent of the owner of the portrait
must be obtained, otherwise it will constitute infringement.
(2) Malicious destruction, defilement and uglification of citizen portraits.
(3) Personal attacks with portraits, etc.
18. What is the right to name? (p43)
The right of name refers to the right of citizens to decide, use and change their names according to law, and to exclude the infringement of others.
Adults who have reached the age of 18 have the right to decide their own names; Have the right to decide and use their own names
, pen names and stage names; Have the right to change the name according to the regulations. However, the name right of minors and mental patients is exercised by their guardians.
19. What does a person's name include? What is the status of a name? (p43)
(Content) Names include official names, previous names, pen names and stage names.
(Status) Name is the basic symbol of everyone's personality.
2. What are the manifestations of infringement of the right to name? (p44)
21. The meaning of privacy (P46)
Privacy refers to the secrets of personal life that citizens do not want to be known or made public, and have nothing to do with public interests. It includes three aspects: private information, personal affairs and private space (P46)
22. The significance (necessity) of protecting privacy (46, 47)
(1). It is the need of people's independence and freedom (2). It is the need of people's own peace and security (3). It is the construction of people-oriented
.
23. The meaning of the right to privacy (P48)
The right to privacy refers to the right of citizens to enjoy the peace of private life and the confidentiality of private information according to law. China's laws protect the privacy rights of the public.
24, the content of privacy (p48-5)
(1) the right to peace in private life (2) the right to privacy of personal information (3) the right to privacy of private communication
25, how to respect the privacy of others? (p51-52)
(1) Establish a sense of privacy
Understand that everyone is an independent individual, and everyone has his own privacy. We can't interfere in other people's private affairs
, don't inquire about or spread other people's secrets, and correct the bad habit of not respecting others' privacy.
Strengthen the sense of responsibility and reputation
(2) It is necessary to strengthen the sense of responsibility and reputation and keep secrets for relatives and friends.
Performance of infringing on privacy
26. What are the behaviors that infringe on privacy? (p53)
spying on other people's private lives, spying on other people's secrets by means of reading diaries and opening letters privately
, spreading others' privacy through hearsay, illegally using other people's personal information, etc., all belong to
acts that infringe on privacy.
27. Methods to protect one's privacy (p55)
(1) Protect privacy by law.
When the right to privacy is infringed, we should bravely take up legal weapons, negotiate with the infringer ourselves, ask for judicial protection, and ask the infringer to stop the infringement and apologize; If it causes great mental pain < P >, you have the right to claim mental compensation.
(2) Enhance self-protection awareness and lock your privacy.
Ways of legal protection P55 The infringer stops the infringement, apologizes, eliminates the influence, and demands mental compensation.
unit 3
1. meaning and function of education (p58--6)
meaning: education aims at promoting people's development and social progress, and cultivates people's social activities by imparting knowledge and experience
.
Role: For individuals (P59) and society (P6)
2. What is the right to education? (p6)
The right to education means that citizens have the opportunity to receive cultural education from the state and the right to get material help from education
.
3. What is compulsory education? What is its legal basis? (p61)
Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must receive according to the law and must be guaranteed by the state, society, schools and
families.
The Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China is the legal guarantee for the implementation of compulsory education in China.
4. What are the meanings of "obligation" and "education" in compulsory education? (p61 related links)
"obligation" refers to the obligation stipulated by law, which the state, society, schools, families and school-age children and adolescents should
follow and fulfill. "Education" refers to school education.
5. What are the characteristics of compulsory education? (p61)
(1) Compulsory education is compulsory by the state, which ensures its implementation. Reflected in family < P > and society.
(2) Compulsory education is universal: it is stipulated that children who have reached the age of 6, regardless of gender, nationality or race, should
receive compulsory education for a specified number of years when they enter school.
(3) Compulsory education is free
6. As a student who is receiving nine-year compulsory education, should he fulfill his obligation to receive education in this way? (p64)
First, earnestly fulfill the obligation to attend school on time;
Second, earnestly fulfill the obligation of receiving compulsory education for a specified number of years, and never drop out of school;
Third, earnestly fulfill the obligation of abiding by the law and school discipline, respecting teachers, and striving to complete the prescribed learning tasks.
7. What are the types of property? What are the legitimate properties of citizens? (p68--69)
classification: state-owned, collective-owned and individual-owned.
citizens' personal lawful property includes: citizens' lawful income, houses, savings, daily necessities, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, means of production that citizens are allowed to own by law and other lawful property.
8. What is property ownership? （p7）