Filtering method
The filtration methods mainly include physical filtration, biological filtration and chemical filtration.
Form of filter
There are many kinds of filters, such as air-lift biochemical cotton filter, outside-barrel filter, aquarium top filter, fish tank filter with modeling and so on.
Second, the advantages and disadvantages of self-made fish tank filter
1, air-lift biochemical cotton filter
The biochemical cotton is sucked at the bottom and connected with an air pump or a water pump, and the flow of gas in the water drives the water to circulate in the biochemical cotton. Organic substances such as bait and biological excreta left in water can be adsorbed on the surface of sponge.
Advantages: simple structure and low unit price, and can be directly used for fish tank water.
Disadvantages: the filtering principle is simple and the effect is poor. It is necessary to clean the biochemical cotton frequently and put it in the fish tank to affect the viewing. It is suitable for the over-action of small fish tanks in the breeding period and isolation treatment period, but it has little effect when the water quality is too dirty.
2. Barrel-shaped external filter
Generally, a closed barrel filter is placed outside the fish tank container. For different filtering effects, different filtering materials can be placed according to different needs.
Advantages: no space occupation, beautiful appearance, low noise, more filtering villages can be placed and the filtering effect is good.
Disadvantages: cleaning is troublesome and expensive, and it is only suitable for larger fish tanks.
3, aquarium top filter
This is a filtering device placed on the top of the aquarium. The water in the aquarium is pumped into the filter box with a filter layer by a small water pump, and the water flows back to the aquarium through the filter layer, thereby removing impurities contained in the water and purifying the water quality.
Advantages: the space at the top of the aquarium can be fully utilized, and the daily maintenance and cleaning are convenient.
Disadvantages: The filter device is placed on the top of the fish tank, which affects the viewing from top to bottom and is not suitable for fish culture.
4. Fish tank filter with styling
Multi-functional filtering device adopts emerging technologies such as invisible filtering device, ecological imitation principle, etc., and comprehensively applies ecological imitation filtering principle internally, with beautiful external design, decorating the fish tank and directly putting it at the bottom of the fish tank for use.
Advantages: beautiful appearance, not only can filter and replenish oxygen, but also can decorate the fish tank, which does not affect the appreciation. The bionic filtering principle is adopted, which has good filtering effect and prolongs the water change time to the maximum extent; Simple and convenient to use, directly placed at the bottom of the fish tank.
Disadvantages: it is not easy to be too big and not suitable for large fish tanks.
Third, what is the principle of the filter?
Filters must have two or more filtering methods, namely physical filtering, biochemical filtering and chemical filtering.
Physical filtration: it uses mechanical methods to separate larger particles from water. Such as residual feed particles, bones of dead fish, excrement, secretions, vomit, body surface mucus, etc. Sponge, glue-sprayed cotton, fine mesh nylon net, palm leaf fiber, etc. Usually used. It is usually arranged at the initial end of the filtration system to facilitate cleaning.
Biological filtration: cultivate beneficial bacteria and decompose harmful elements such as ammonium salt, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate through bacteria. Commonly used filter materials are: biochemical balls, ceramic rings, glass rings, coral sand and so on. The most important filtering method is to maintain the ecosystem.
Chemical filtration: it is a method of removing impurities from water by using chemical agents, including water quality stabilizer, flocculant, algaecide, protein decomposer, deodorant, etc.
Adsorption filtration: It is a substance with high carbon content, such as wood, coal, fruit shells and animal bones, which can adsorb protein and trace elements in seawater, decolorize and remove odor, and even ozone molecules can be adsorbed by it. Fish urine, microalgae in water and drugs can also be adsorbed by it.
Because nitrifying bacteria must live in a cotton filter, glass ring or bottom sand with running water, the filter should be open 24 hours a day.
Four, according to the principle of filtering classification
1, self-cleaning filter
Self-cleaning filter is a kind of precision equipment that directly intercepts impurities in water through filter screen, removes suspended solids and particles in water, reduces turbidity, purifies water quality, and reduces the generation of dirt, bacteria, algae and corrosion in the system, thus purifying water quality and protecting other equipment in the system from working normally.
The main components of the self-cleaning filter are: motor, electric cabinet, control pipeline, main pipe assembly, filter element assembly, 3 16L stainless steel brush, frame assembly, transmission shaft, inlet and outlet connecting flanges, etc.
Self-cleaning filter overcomes many shortcomings of traditional filter products, such as small pollution capacity, easy to be blocked by pollution, the filter part needs to be disassembled and cleaned, and the filter state cannot be monitored. It has the functions of filtering raw water, automatically cleaning and discharging filter elements.
When the self-cleaning filter cleans sewage, the system continuously supplies water, which can monitor the working state of the filter and has a high degree of automation. It covers all kinds of filtering accuracy requirements from 10um to 3000um.
Self-cleaning filter adopts the advanced technology of international water treatment industry equipment, which can be installed vertically, horizontally and upside down in any direction and any position, and can be used for water filtration in industries such as industry, agriculture, municipal power, electronics, medicine, food, printing and dyeing, construction, steel, metallurgy and paper making.
2. Automatic filtering
Automatic filter is a set of equipment widely used in filtration industry. It overcomes many shortcomings of traditional filter products, such as small pollution capacity, easy to be blocked by dirt, the need to disassemble and clean the filter part, and the inability to monitor the filter state. It has the functions of filtering raw water, automatically cleaning and discharging filter elements.
The automatic filter consists of a shell, a multi-element filter element, a backwashing mechanism, an electric control box, a pressure reducer, an electric valve and a differential pressure controller. The diaphragm in the shell divides its inner cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The upper cavity is equipped with a plurality of filter elements, which makes full use of the filtering space and significantly reduces the volume of the filter. The lower cavity is provided with a backwashing straw.
When the full-automatic filter works, turbid liquid enters the lower cavity of the filter through the inlet, and then enters the inner cavity of the filter element through the baffle hole, and impurities larger than the gap of the filter element are intercepted, and the cleaning liquid reaches the upper cavity through the gap, and finally is sent out from the outlet.
The automatic filtration accuracy is 10 micron by default, and 100-3000 micron can be selected. Large filtration area, high pollution capacity, users can customize according to actual working conditions. The cleaning mode is simple, and the cleaning cycle is monitored electronically, which can realize automatic cleaning and sewage discharge. All parameters in the automatic self-cleaning filter control system can be adjusted.
3. Stainless steel brush filter
The types of stainless steel brush filters are: automatic stainless steel brush filter and manual stainless steel brush filter. Its main function is to remove suspended matter, reduce the concentration of suspended matter and particulate matter in water, reduce turbidity, purify water, reduce system dirt, bacteria, algae and rust, and purify water.
Stainless steel brush filter adopts patented internal mechanical structure, which realizes real high-pressure backwashing function, can easily and thoroughly remove impurities intercepted by the filter screen, has no dead angle in cleaning, no flow attenuation, ensures filtering efficiency and has long service life.
Stainless steel brush filter can realize automatic backwashing through its own retrieval and filtration functions, and can cope with unstable water quality fluctuations without manual intervention.
In the backwashing process of stainless steel brush filter, each filter screen (group) is backwashed in turn; Ensure that the filter screen is cleaned safely and efficiently, while other filters are not affected, and continue to filter.
Stainless steel brush filter adopts automatic blowdown valve, which has short backwashing time, less backwashing water consumption, environmental protection and economy. Less wearing parts, no consumables, low operation and maintenance cost and simple operation and maintenance management.
Summary: The filter is one of the indispensable equipment for breeding aquatic animals. The filter can purify the water and ensure the water quality to be clean and stable for a longer time. Nowadays, going to the aquarium market to buy fish tanks is generally equipped with standard filtering equipment. Of course, experienced and ingenious fish farmers can also make their own filters.