As the most active and open region in China, the Yangtze River Delta region also leads the development of domestic hydrogen energy industry. In this region, fuel cell automobile industry chain enterprises not only pay attention to technology leadership and industrialization, but also pay great attention to the pre-research of future technology and the accumulation of intellectual property rights. However, under the existing fuel cell vehicle industrial chain, the synergy of intellectual property rights is weak, and the main links lack effective intellectual property sharing and trading mechanisms, which leads to poor synergy in the industrial chain, thus affecting the development of the fuel cell vehicle industry. This paper focuses on the current situation of intellectual property activities in the Yangtze River Delta region and the problems existing in the coordination mechanism of the fuel cell vehicle industry chain, and puts forward specific solutions and policy suggestions based on the actual situation in the Yangtze River Delta region, so as to provide decision-making reference for the development of the fuel cell vehicle industry in the Yangtze River Delta region.
1, status quo of fuel cell vehicle industry in Yangtze River Delta
The Yangtze River Delta automobile industry has a solid foundation, intensive technology and capital, outstanding scientific and technological innovation ability and high-end talents gathering, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of new energy automobile industry. Local governments in the Yangtze River Delta have issued plans to support the development of new energy automobile industry, creating conditions for industrial development including fuel cell vehicles.
1. 1? Industrial layout of fuel cell vehicles
Since September 20 17, Shanghai was the first to issue the Shanghai Fuel Cell Vehicle Development Plan (20 18—2030), many cities in the Yangtze River Delta, such as Ningbo, Suzhou, Zhangjiagang, Rugao, Jiashan and Lu 'an, have issued hydrogen energy plans, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Summary of hydrogen energy policy documents issued by the Yangtze River Delta
At the provincial level, Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province also promulgated policies to support the development of hydrogen energy industry in April 20 19 and September 20 19 respectively. As can be seen from the table 1, the cities that have issued policies to support the development of hydrogen energy industry and fuel cell vehicle industry cover the whole Yangtze River Delta region, with Jiangsu Province covering the widest area, ahead of other provinces and cities. In addition, the Yangtze River Delta, whether it is the hydrogen energy industry, the fuel cell automobile industry or other supporting industrial chains, has been fully covered, with obvious emphasis on the utilization of hydrogen energy and the fuel cell system, which is the core of the industrial chain. Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta have invested heavily in hydrogen energy industry and fuel cell vehicle industry. In recent two or three years, the investment of several major enterprises has been close to10 billion yuan.
At present, more than 30 hydrogen-related enterprises have gathered in the Yangtze River Delta region, among which 6 enterprises earned more than 654.38 billion yuan in 20 18 years, and 5 enterprises earned more than10 million yuan. These enterprises with strong productivity have become the first-class suppliers of key fuel cell automobile main engine plants in China.
In addition, in the Yangtze River Delta, especially in Jiangsu Province, a number of hydrogen energy and fuel cell automobile industrial clusters, represented by Rugao Hydrogen Energy Town, Jiangsu Dantu Hydrogen Energy Industrial Park, Nanjing Jinlong Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Aoxin New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., have basically formed a hydrogen energy industrial chain for hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation, hydrogenation, fuel cell R&D and production, vehicle R&D and product demonstration and application.
1.2? Development planning of hydrogen corridor construction in Yangtze River Delta
Under the background of economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta Hydrogen Corridor Construction and Development Plan (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) was officially published in May 2065438+2009. The goal of the plan is to promote the coordinated and balanced development of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogenation facilities. The document plans the construction of the hydrogen corridor into three stages: short-term, medium-term and long-term development. Among them, in the recent 20 19 to 202 1 development plan, the main task is to demonstrate and popularize hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, start construction of four hydrogen high-speed demonstration lines, and build more than 40 hydrogen refueling stations. The production and sales volume of fuel cell vehicles exceeds 5,000. In the medium-term development plan from 2022 to 2025, the main tasks are to vigorously promote the application and development of fuel cell vehicles, improve the key technology level of hydrogen energy, promote the construction of more than 10 hydrogen expressways, and build more than 200 hydrogen refueling stations. The production and sales of fuel cell vehicles have exceeded 50,000. In the long-term development plan from 2026 to 2030, the main task is to build more than 20 hydrogen expressways covering all cities in the Yangtze River Delta, forming an internationally influential fuel cell vehicle application area. By then, the output of fuel cell vehicles will exceed 200,000. The plan also defines five main tasks such as the construction of hydrogenation infrastructure network and eight safeguard measures such as strengthening organization and leadership. The promulgation of the plan is conducive to promoting the development and integration of the hydrogen energy industry in the Yangtze River Delta, providing a foundation for building the Yangtze River Delta region into an advanced demonstration zone of hydrogen energy industry in the world, and will also promote the development of the fuel cell automobile industry in the Yangtze River Delta.
2. Intellectual property development of fuel cell automobile industry in Yangtze River Delta
2. 1 Intellectual property rights in the field of new energy vehicles
The number of original patents of new energy vehicles in China accounts for 1 1% of the global total patents, ranking third in the world, followed by Japan with 49% and the United States with 20%. As the country with the fastest development of new energy vehicle patent market, a large number of foreign patents have entered the China market, making China market the largest target market in the world, resulting in a relatively small number of original patents of local new energy vehicle enterprises. But it also means that there is still much room for improvement in China's innovation ability in the field of new energy vehicles. In 20 18, 230,000 automobile patents were published in China, of which 1 1 10,000 were invented (50,000 were authorized), which increased by 30.2% and 2 1. 1% respectively. 20 18 The top ten automobile enterprises are shown in the figure 1.
Figure 1? Automobile enterprises with the top number of invention patents granted in 20 18 10.
As can be seen from the figure 1, there are only two authorized domestic enterprises in the top ten, ranking sixth and ninth respectively. The authorization of the two enterprises is ***956, which only accounts for 13.9% of the total number of the top ten enterprises, indicating that the innovation ability of the domestic automobile industry is weak and there is still much room for improvement. Jianghuai Automobile, located in the Yangtze River Delta, is on the list, reflecting that the intellectual property reserve of new energy vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta is at the leading level in China.
In addition, different automobile companies focus on different patent layouts, mainly involving new energy vehicles, body and body accessories, intelligent networking, engines, electronic appliances, basic GM, vehicle manufacturing, vehicle systems, transmissions and braking systems. Among them, the number of new energy vehicle patents is the largest, accounting for the highest proportion, reaching 28.6%, and Beijing New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd. even exceeds 50%. This fully shows that domestic enterprises have increased R&D investment in the field of new energy vehicles and attached importance to the construction and protection of intellectual property rights in this field. The performance of patent applications for key technologies involved in new energy vehicles is different, with the largest number of patent applications for battery technology, accounting for 56%, followed by electronic control technology applications, accounting for 30%, and motor technology applications accounting for the smallest.
2.2 Yangtze River Delta fuel cell automobile industry intellectual property reserves
The number and distribution characteristics of patents in the industrial chain of hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta fully reflect the profound technological accumulation in the industrial chain of hydrogen energy and fuel cell in the Yangtze River Delta. Among more than 30 key enterprises, there are 3 enterprises with patents exceeding 100 in the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and there are 109 enterprises with patents exceeding 109, and the total number of patents exceeds 1200. The top ten companies applying for patents are Jiangsu Aoxin New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Suzhou Fusai Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Boheng New Energy Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang Furui Hydrogen Energy Equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai Qingneng Fuel Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Hydrogen Pu Chuangneng Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Bohai Electric Drive Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Li Jing Hydrogen Production Equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai Fuel Cell Power System Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Reshaping Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
Figure 2? The top ten hydrogen energy enterprises with patent applications.
The business of the above-mentioned 10 enterprise involves not only the research and development and production of fuel cells, but also the development and manufacture of complete vehicles and the construction of energy supply infrastructure. Geographically, Suzhou and Shanghai are the main cities.
3? Collaborative working mechanism of intellectual property rights in industrial chain
Intellectual property is the embodiment of enterprise's innovation ability and the driving force of enterprise development. In the fierce competition in the new energy vehicle market, having rich intellectual property rights of new energy vehicles is the guarantee for enterprises to be invincible. The data of China's new energy vehicle technology patent accumulation and reserve shows that there is an obvious gap between China and foreign countries in invention patent authorization, especially the lack of car companies with good intellectual property reserves like Toyota. In addition, the lack of effective coordination of intellectual property rights among industrial chains restricts the development pace of new energy automobile industry. Therefore, in addition to strengthening the development and protection of intellectual property rights of new energy vehicles, China enterprises also need to coordinate intellectual property rights among industrial chains to enhance their competitiveness with foreign enterprises.
3. 1 Open Patent and Open Source Action
In the field of new energy vehicles, the open source action of opening patents is one of the effective ways of collaborative innovation of intellectual property rights. Opening the company's patents to the outside world without attaching any interest conditions can accelerate the adoption of hydrogen energy technology by automobile enterprises, increase the number of enterprises involved in the development of hydrogen energy vehicles, help enterprises to rank among the upper layers of the technical system layout of new energy vehicles in a short time, and avoid repeated research and development and waste of resources. Enterprises with open patents can also lead the formulation of international standards or form de facto standards in their own industries.
3.2 Establish a special patent alliance
Patent alliance is conducive to better realize the synergy of intellectual property rights of new energy vehicles, and jointly develop, protect and operate intellectual property rights in the field of hydrogen energy through the alliance. Firstly, an information sharing platform is established to realize knowledge sharing of key technologies in various fields of the fuel cell vehicle industry. On this basis, we will jointly develop relevant technologies of the fuel cell vehicle industry, apply for various patents, and realize the intellectual property sharing of fuel cell vehicles. Second, set up a protection coordination center. Taking the center as the carrier, we will strengthen the cooperation in intellectual property protection of fuel cell vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta, realize case handling and law enforcement in different places, and improve the efficiency and effect of intellectual property protection of fuel cell vehicles. Finally, based on the intellectual property exchange centers in three provinces and one city, the Yangtze River Delta intellectual property exchange center for fuel cell vehicles will be built, and the intellectual property management of fuel cell vehicles industry will be carried out under unified standards, so as to strengthen the innovation of alliance members, promote intellectual property cooperation among alliance members, enhance the competitiveness of members in the fuel cell vehicle market, enhance the technical level of fuel cell vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta, and push the industry to be at the forefront of the country.
3.3 the formation of industrial technology alliance
Take the industrial technology alliance as the carrier to carry out intellectual property cooperation in the fuel cell automobile industry. Through the industrial technology alliance, the fuel cell automobile industry and the relevant institutions of the fuel cell automobile industry will be integrated to form an industrial intellectual property alliance. By setting up a "patent pool", constructing an intellectual property cooperation strategy, combining intellectual property rights, coordinating the demands of different stakeholders, coordinating the intellectual property rights of the fuel cell automobile industry, promoting the coordinated innovation among the fuel cell automobile industry chains in the Yangtze River Delta, and grasping the leading position of the fuel cell automobile industry in the national and even global markets.
Note: The patent data involved in this paper are all from China Patent Information Network. (Author: Lu Ying)
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.