In modern times, the terms "***" and "?" are often mentioned, referring to a political system in which the highest power belongs to all citizens and citizens have the right to elect officials and members of parliament. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the famous "rebellion and governance" events occurred, so does it mean that today's "revolutionary" concept had already sprouted in the Western Zhou Dynasty?
In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the emperor King Zhou Li implemented the "patent" policy, taking back the benefits of mountains and rivers to the government, and prohibiting people's slander, that is, "defending the people's mouth is better than guarding the river" (" Mandarin? Zhou Yu (Part 1)"). In order to resist the tyranny of King Li of Zhou Dynasty, the officials, officials, and civilians living in the capital of Haojing gathered to besiege King Li. King Li was forced to flee to this place, which was known in history as "Chinese Rebellion".
A country cannot live without a king for a day. After King Zhou Li fled, he left behind Prince Jing (later King Xuan of Zhou Jijing). However, Prince Jing was young at this time, so he was succeeded by Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao. The two were in charge of the political power. "Historical Records of Zhou Dynasty" records: Duke Zhao and Duke Zhou were in charge of administration, and they were named "***he". ? Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao were the kings of Lu and Yan respectively. These two countries were vassal states with the surname Ji that were enfeoffed in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The kings of the two countries ruled together. The people of the country could basically accept this result, and the capital gradually became stable. Come down.
This year is historically known as the First Year of *** and 841 BC. It is also the first time in Chinese history that there is an exact date. It can be said to be an important milestone in Chinese history.
The year name has been determined, those who should flee are fleeing, and those who should be working are working, everything looks very good. If this were the case, everyone would be happy. However, the controversy about ?*** and ? has existed for thousands of years.
People in Ji County of the Western Jin Dynasty (now Jixian County, Henan Province) were not allowed (pronounced fǒu biāo) to rob the tomb of King Wei Xiang during the Warring States Period. When the government arrived, they only found a large number of remaining bamboo slips. Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty responded to this He attached great importance to it and sent people to collect, organize and interpret these bamboo slips, and finally compiled the history book "Bamboo Book Chronicles". But its actual writing time was more than 200 years earlier than "Historical Records".
According to the "Bamboo Chronicles": The king was in the pig, and Bohe took charge of the affairs of the emperor. The ?*** Bohe here refers to a prince named He who was enfeoffed in the country of **. This record shows that "*** and" probably do not mean "*** and the ruler" as stated in "Historical Records", but the name of a person.
The "Tsinghua Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Slips" compiled and published in 2012 has this passage: Nai returned to King Li Yuzhen, and Bo Heli was appointed. In the ten and fourteenth year, King Li gave birth to King Xuan, King Xuan ascended the throne, and Bohe returned to the clan. ?This passage also means that "***he" refers to ***Bohe, and it also shows that ***Bohe returned to power as regent to King Zhou Xuan after fourteen years.
The *** State was a small vassal state with the surname Ji during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its capital was located in Huixian County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province today. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was customary for the kings of the vassal states to hold official positions in the royal capital at the same time. There are records in the unearthed bronzes of people named "Sima ***", "Uncle He", and his father. This shows that Uncle *** and his father may be both kings of ***. He is also a minister of the King of Zhou. So when the people of the country were rioting, Uncle Uncle He might have been in the royal capital of Haojing. As a prince with the surname Ji, Uncle Uncle He could easily convince the public when he was in power on behalf of the emperor.
However, the "Bamboo Book Annals" also says: (in the 14th year of ***he) Prince Jing (Jing) of Duke Zhou Dinggong and Duke Zhaomu became king, and Bohe returned to his country. ?It shows that Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong were involved in the affairs of ?rebellion and governance.
The truth of history is confusing, and we can only speculate on the situation at that time: after the Chinese people rioted, Uncle He, who was in the capital of Haojing, was temporarily appointed to govern in place of the emperor. But Bohe was the king of a small vassal state after all, and his authority was not enough to make other vassal states surrender. The Duke of Zhou and Duke Zhao took over the power from Bohe and became the actual rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
So, the word "***和" already existed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but this word refers to ***Bohe. Due to the widespread circulation and misunderstanding of "Historical Records", this word also gave birth to "*** Same as ruling" means.
This is completely different from the words "democratic revolution and revolution" we talk about today and the terms "*** and revolution" in the "People's Democratic Republic and the People's Republic of China". The ?*** and ? we are talking about today correspond to the English word ?republic?, which was first translated into Chinese by the Japanese, and later introduced to China through the introduction of Liang Qichao and others, so today’s ?*** And? is a new concept that emerged in modern times.