After the founding of the People's Republic of China, New China quickly began to imitate the production of jet fighters. On June 5438+095 1 10, the Chinese and Soviet governments formally signed the Agreement between the * * * Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and China on Organizing Aircraft Repair and Engine Repair and Technical Assistance to the People of China by Aircraft Factories. In April 18 of the same year, the Ministry of Heavy Industry established the Aviation Industry Bureau, which was in charge of aircraft maintenance. 1953, 1953 On February 23, 1953, the Chinese and Soviet governments exchanged letters, and the Soviet Union granted China a license to manufacture jet MIG-15 Bis (including engines). However, in June1954+1October 12, according to the suggestion of the Soviet government, the China government decided to stop the trial production of MIG-15 Bis and try to produce MIG-17A and its engine-J -5 instead.
There are still a few J-5s in service in China.
195 1 At the end of the year, Aviation Industry Bureau * * * owned 18 factory with nearly 10,000 employees. 195 1 65438+February, Premier Zhou personally presided over the meeting and decided to successfully trial-produce the Soviet-made Jacques-18 primary trainer and MIG-15 in three to five years. The post-fighter project was changed to trial production of more advanced MIG-17 jet fighters. 1954, the first batch of aircraft and their engines in China were successfully trial-produced. Two years later, on September 8th, 1956, Shenyang Aircraft Factory successfully trial-produced China's first jet fighter М 5, namely μ иг-17Ф (MIG-17F), and was subsequently approved for mass production. China became one of the few countries in the world that could mass-produce jet planes at that time.
At the same time, the original MIG-17 new machine imported by the Air Force was handed over to the Air Force Shanghai 13 factory. The factory began to prepare for the trial repair of MIG-17 in July, 1959. This model has not been repaired in any domestic factory. In order to meet the needs of the repair task, the Party Committee of the Air Force approved the expansion of the Air Force 13 Factory, and the Engineering Department instructed the 13 Factory to develop from the original aircraft repair to the 1960 engine repair integrated factory. 1960 At the end of March, when the trial maintenance task of the first MIG-17 aircraft was about to be completed, due to the change of the situation, the Standing Committee of the Air Force Party Committee decided that the Shanghai Air Force 13 factory would not carry out capital construction in the future, because the airport could not be used for high-speed aircraft test flight. Therefore, the factory stopped the maintenance of two MiG-17 aircraft that had entered the factory that year. 1 961may, the air force engineering department gave the 13 factory a task in accordance with the instructions of Zhang Tingfa, chief of staff of the air force, requesting that the1MIG-17 aircraft be changed into a trainer. The factory started construction in August and completed the trial modification task in September, but it failed to continue due to the change of the situation.
Developed by Shen Fei Industrial Company, J-5 is a single-seat high subsonic jet fighter, which is mainly used for daytime interception and has certain ground attack capability. Ф 5 is an imitation of the Soviet MIG-17Ф fighter. MIG-17F 5 1 made its first flight in September and began mass production at the end of 52. The test pilot of the first flight was Wu Keming. At that time, 歼 5 was called Type 56, and it was renamed 歼 5 until 1964.
The picture above shows the first 歼 5. At that time, the number painting was different from the current painting. Trial production of/kloc-0 began in June, 1954, and the prototype made its first flight in July19. 13 J-5s were assembled with Soviet-made parts. 1July 3, 956, the final assembly of the first 歼 5 was completed. On September 8, the J-5 fighter was successfully trial-produced by Shenyang Aircraft Factory. After passing the national appraisal and acceptance, it can be mass-produced and delivered to the troops. On September 6th, at 438+00, the celebration meeting was held in Shenyang, attended by Marshal Nie. The turbojet -5 engine assembled for J -5 also passed the trial run in June of the same year and was put into mass production. China's aviation industry has since entered the jet era. By September of that year, 15, four domestic J-5 aircraft had been manufactured. These four planes attended the National Day ceremony of 1956. 1959 stopped production in the second half of the year and produced 767 J-5s, which strongly supported the construction of the People's Air Force.
歼 -5, the starting point of domestic fighters 歼 -5 adopts the layout of single seat, single engine, nose intake and swept middle wing. The sweepback angle of the swept middle wing is 45, which is a double-beam structure. There is a retractable flap with controllable angle on the inside of the wing. The aileron deflection angle range is 65438 08. The landing gear compartment is located at the root of the wing, and the main landing gear is installed in two compartments of the wing. The all-metal semi-monocoque structure fuselage is a streamlined fuselage with a circular cross section, and the nose is used for air supply. The rear of the fuselage is equipped with a steerable speed brake. The vertical tail is divided into upper and lower sections, the lower section is fixed on the inclined frame of the rear fuselage, and the upper section is detachable. The sweep angle of the vertical tail is 55 41'. The rudder can be turned by 25. The horizontal tail has a sweepback angle of 45 and is installed at the top of the lower part of the vertical tail. The elevator can rotate 32 up and16 down. The first three-point landing gear was a single wheel. The front landing gear is installed in the wheel well at the lower part of the front fuselage, and the main landing gear is installed in the wing. The main landing gear is equipped with a buffer, and the front landing gear is equipped with a shock absorber and a shimmy damper. The main tire pressure is 8.34× 105 Pa (8.5 kg/cm2). The sealed single cockpit can throw away the hatch cover in an emergency, and the ejection seat can ensure the pilot to get off the plane quickly and safely in an emergency. The control system is hard-controlled. Aileron wings and elevator wings are electric. The hydraulic system is used to retract the landing gear, flaps, speed brake, adjustable nozzles and control ailerons. Air conditioning system is used for braking, sealing cockpit, emergency landing gear retraction and emergency braking.
Using turbojet -5 centrifugal afterburner turbojet engine, the static thrust is 2600 kg, and the afterburner thrust is 3380 kg. This engine is an imitation of VK-1F engine of kerimov Design Bureau of Soviet Union, and VK- 1F engine is MIG-17 engine. 195 1 After the establishment of Aviation Industry Bureau, it began to organize engine production and learn the new production process data of Soviet jet engines. With the assistance of the Soviet Union, the patent manufacturing right of VK- 1F was introduced. From June 65438 to June 0956, Wu Daguan, a well-known domestic engine designer, and other teams successfully copied the turbojet -5 in Shenyang Aeroengine Factory (now "Shenyang Liming Machinery Company"). 1964 The production task was transferred to Xi 'an Hongqi Machinery Factory, and it was put into mass production in 66 years. The turbojet -5 afterburner thrust is 3380 kg, the maximum thrust is 2700 kg, the rated thrust is 2400 kg, and the cruise thrust is 2 1.60 kg. The fuel consumption in different states ranges from 2kg/kg/ hour to 1.05kg/ hour. The fuel in the engine is 1 170 kg, and two 400-liter auxiliary fuel tanks are externally connected.
Airborne equipment includes ultrashort wave command station, radio compass, radio altimeter, beacon receiver, friend or foe identifier, tail protector, range finder, etc.
The wing is a swept middle wing, and the aileron deflection angle range is 65438 08 degrees. Two 23- 1 type 23mm guns are installed on the lower left side of the nose, and 1 door 3 1 type 37mm guns are installed on the lower right side of the nose. The load is 200 rounds. The muzzle velocity of the 23- 1 machine gun is 680m/s and the firing rate is 800 rounds per minute. The types of bombs are air 23- 1, air 23- 1, air 23- 1, air 23- 1, self-training bombs. The 37- 1 model has an initial velocity of 690 m/s and a firing rate of 400 rounds per minute. Development started at 1954. At the beginning, due to the backward performance of the gun, there were subsequent models in the Soviet Union. In order to avoid waste, only a small amount of production was planned. Later, due to the increasing demand for J-5, 236 doors were finally produced and stopped production in 1959. Two bombs 100-250kg can be hung under the wing.
37 mm and 23 mm shells are quite powerful, but this does not make the whole weapon system more powerful than other advanced fighters at the same time. Like MiG-17 and MiG-15 and J-5, the muzzle velocity and trajectory of these two different caliber guns are very different, and the sight cannot be coordinated, so the calibration and debugging can only take the middle value. At 400 meters away, the impact point has been dispersed, of which 37 guns are inclined upward and 23 guns are inclined downward, so aiming and shooting operations are often correct, but shells are difficult. This defect can also be confirmed in the memoirs of American and Taiwan Province pilots. After summing up our experience, our army emphasized that the shooting distance should be compressed to less than 400 meters. Some pilots fire to ensure the hit, even approaching within 300 meters, but risk hitting the target or being hit by explosive debris! And the F-86, due to the good cooperation between six 12.7mm machine guns and the sight, can still shoot more accurately and densely at the distance of1000 m. In addition, the sight is well designed, so the firepower is not inferior in actual combat. Another problem is that the number of shells carried by the J-5 is far less than that of the F- 86, and its sustained combat capability is slightly insufficient.
歼 -5 is an all-weather two-seat jet trainer designed on the basis of 歼 -5 A, which is under the responsibility of Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation. In the Soviet Union, MIG-17/ 19 had no coach type, and pilots had to train on the coach type of MIG-15.
At the beginning of 1964, the R&D work was started, and at the beginning of 1965, the R&D task of 歼 5 was officially issued, and the detailed design began. Tu Youyou, the chief designer of the J -5 A, once again assumed the heavy responsibility, not only presiding over the design, but also serving as the deputy head of the leading group for aircraft trial production. At that time, the guiding ideology of the design was to save as much as possible, reduce costs and improve quality on the premise of meeting the coach's tasks. At the design site, Tu Jida emphasized that the designer's pen has gold, and every bit is related to the manufacturing cost of the aircraft. The design data cannot leave a curse. If there is a problem, the design is changed, as long as 1 yuan; Trial production may cost 100 yuan or 1000 yuan for improvement; If it is mass production, it may cost 10 thousand yuan or several hundred thousand yuan. We have to settle this account, because our country, our factory is still poor. What kind of thinking, what kind of creative spirit and work attitude After the design drawings were issued, Tu Jida led the designers to go deep into the workshop to prepare and do experiments with the workers, solve the problems in trial production together, and strive to promote the plane from drawings to objects. The trial production has been fast and economical, and the development cost of the whole machine only costs 6.5438+0 million yuan. The prototype was delivered in April 1966, and the static load test was carried out. The second prototype made its first flight in May 1966. 1966 12 was formally finalized and put into production, with 83,974 aircraft. In addition to equipping the air force and navy, the J-5 also assists or exports to third world countries.
Click to view: Introduction of the "August 1st" performance team using J -5.
Because 歼 -5 is a jet trainer modified on the basis of 歼 -5 A, its shape and performance are similar, and its stress structure has not changed. The lip of A is retained in the head, but the size is slightly reduced.
Due to the change from single seat to double seat, the fuselage structure has changed. At the same time, the equipment and ordnance have also been adjusted accordingly. The power plant is a turbojet -5 afterburner turbojet engine, which is a modification of the turbojet -5 adopted by the J -5, with a rated thrust of 2400kg and a maximum thrust of 2700kg.
J -5 teachers and students have control devices, but teachers can take over the control outside the students. Vehicle-mounted hydraulic system is divided into main hydraulic system and booster control system. There are two auxiliary fuel tanks under the wing, with a capacity of 2×400 liters. The main airborne equipment includes the blind descent equipment consisting of WL-5 dual-control automatic radio compass, XS-5A radio beacon and WG-2A radio altimeter, which can realize all-weather blind descent.
The J-5 fighter is also equipped with CT- 1 ultrashort wave radio and JT-4A walkie-talkie. Other equipment is basically the same as the J -5A.
The aircraft is equipped with 23- 1 cannon, 40 rounds of ammunition and 2 guns, 260 rounds less than the J -5A. Two 250kg bombs can be hung under the wing. It is said that in the development of the J-5, the shell casing machine was collected in the air for the first time. The stationmaster himself doesn't know why 歼 5 put the cartridge case in the testing machine, because the 23- 1 machine gun is not a chainless ammunition supply weapon like M6 1, and it is not necessary to send the cartridge case back to the drum.
The most striking moment of 歼 5 is that it was selected by the "August 1st" performance team of the PLA Air Force. The above picture shows its heroic posture. But to be honest, these antique machines were still used for performances in the 1990s. Alas ... fortunately, it's J -7EB now. Although it's also very antique, it's still better.
At present, you can still see the J-5 flying from time to time at Chengdu Airport. It is said that its task is to train pilots and make flight preparations before the test flight of new aircraft.