1. Eight scenic spots. [Song Dynasty] Shen Kuo's "Meng Qian Bitan Calligraphy and Painting": "The Emperor of Song Dynasty painted a foreigner, especially a plain landscape. We are proud of Pingsha Wild Goose, Pu Yuan Sailing Home, Sunshine Mountain City, Jiangtian Dusk Snow, Dongting Autumn Moon, Xiaoxiang Night Rain, Rock Temple Night Bell and Fishing Village Sunset, which are collectively called' Eight Scenes'. " "Eight Scenery" is the ancient custom landscape of China, and it is also the historical embodiment of humanistic culture. Later, many places of interest called their scenery Eight Scenes. For example, eight scenic spots in Yanjing and eight scenic spots in Qingdao.
As a representative, the Eight Scenery is often a collection of famous scenic spots or extends to a certain city or region, which is an important reflection and symbol of its history and humanities, and scholars in previous dynasties have also concentrated on describing it. The selection and naming of Eight Scenes has also become a unique cultural phenomenon. For example, some cities have reviewed and updated 8 scenarios.
Despite the prevailing trend, it is also a historical and cultural phenomenon with local characteristics, which makes people of insight sneer at it as arty or whitewash it (referring to the background of social crisis). Today, many places have redefined the "New Eight Scenery" and given it new scenery and spirit of the times. This practice of "new wine in old bottles" should be affirmed. For example, Macao first evaluated the "Eight Scenes" in the 1990s, and it was also recognized by the society.
2. Taoist language refers to the scene of eight picks.
"The control fan is too virtual, and Bajingfei HD." -"True Letters and Letters" by Nan Liang Tao Hong Jing.
"Xianxin has been in Yaochi since then, followed by Sanqing and Eight Scenes." -Liu Tang Yuxi's poem "Sanzhai Tielou, See Xuanzong's Daughter's Mountain Poetry, My Impression"
"Enter the Eight Scenes, return to Qionglun, rise for nine days, and fly in the daytime." -"Seven Signs of the Cloud" Volume 30
[Edit this paragraph] 2. When did the Eight Scenes originate?
[1] According to the traditional viewpoint and the "Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang" in Ci Yuan (new edition), the most authoritative source is Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty. In Volume 17, there is an article: "Song Di, Foreign Minister, is a painter, especially good at plain landscapes. What we are proud of are "Wild Goose Falling in Pingsha", "Returning from Sailing", "Mountain City is clear", "Snow Falling in the River", "Autumn Moon in Dongting", "Night Rain", "Night Bell in Smoke Temple" and "Sunset in Fishing Village", which are collectively called "Eight Scenes". Good people spread more. "
The above seems to be a conclusion. According to Song Di, he was born in the Northern Song Dynasty, but his exact date of birth and death is still lacking. According to the Chronicle of Painters in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties written by Guo Weiqu (a professional from the Institute of National Fine Arts of the Central Academy of Fine Arts) in the 1950s, the author's description of Song Di is: Song Di (word retro), "Night view of Xiaoxiang in the first year of Yuanfeng (1078)". Another way of saying it is, "It was painted by Song in the sixth year (109 1)". If inferred from this time, the "Eight Scenes" first appeared about 900 years ago.
[Edit this paragraph] 3. Where did the earliest "Eight Scenes" refer to?
As for the former "Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang", where does it refer, and where exactly does it point? It can be said that there are different opinions. Some people think that the scenery of Dongting Lake can be ignored. Some people say it is another name for Xiangjiang River. Some people even assert that the name of hydrated Xiaoxiang in Hunan is in the north of Lingling County, Hunan Province, where Xiaoxiang Town is located. (See the new editions of Ci Hai and Ci Yuan respectively) It seems very abstract.
In recent years, the author has participated in the discussion of local chronicles, but found historical accounts that are inconsistent with the above conclusions or need to be enriched. According to Changsha Chronicle, Mi Fei, a great painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, quoted Poems and Postscripts on Eight Scenes in Xiaoxiang, and the following two paragraphs are worth noting:
"I bought Li Yingqiu's eight paintings, worshipped the stones and laid them down one by one."
"(Dongting) south of the lake can be named Xiaoxiang. If it is north of the lake, it is Han, and the noodles are soup, which can't be called Xiaoxiang. "
This can provide us with a new proof different from the previous conclusion. The person known as "Li Yingqiu" was Li Cheng at the end of the Five Dynasties and even at the beginning of the Song Dynasty. His date of birth and death was the fifth year of Ming Dynasty in Hou Liang-the fifth year of Gande in Northern Song Dynasty (9 19-967). Li Xianxi was originally an imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. The ancestors lived in Chang 'an, and then moved to Yingqiu (now southeast of Changle County, Shandong Province), which was called "Liyingqiu". His ancestors and father are both cultural celebrities. Li Cheng has read many classics since childhood, and is good at poetry, piano, chess and games, and is good at painting landscapes, especially in Cold Forest in the Plain. During the Five Dynasties, landscape painting in the Northern Song Dynasty formed three schools: He, Guan Tong and Fan Kuan.
It can be seen that the patent right to invent "Eight Scenes" should not allow Song Di to specialize in beauty. There is at least one Li Cheng who was born 100 years earlier than Song Di. It can also be inferred that the upper limit of "Eight Scenes" can be traced back to at least the Five Dynasties or the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. Compared with Song Di, which originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, it can be "revised" 100 years, that is, it lasted for thousands of years.
It is worth mentioning that Li Cheng's original works are rare in the Northern Song Dynasty. What are the similarities and differences between Li Yingqiu's Painting Eight Scenes and Song Di's Eight Scenes in Xiaoxiang? Unfortunately, we can't get physical evidence comparison today. According to textual research, the Museum of Cultural Relics in Liaoning Province has a map of a small cold forest and a map of a snowy mountain in Taiwan Province Province, but professional researchers all think that they are replicas rather than originals. I hope that someone will make a new proof for this in the future and solve the "unsolved case".
[Edit this paragraph] 4. The Original Life Prototype of "Eight Scenes"
For example, according to the above Mi Fei's assertion, "The south of the lake can be named Xiaoxiang. If it is north of the lake, it is Han, and the noodles are soup, which can't be called Xiaoxiang. " It means that the "Xiaoxiang Beauty" scenery only refers to the Hanshui and Mianshui areas in the south of Dongting Lake and Hubei Province, which is nothing more than the vast soup, and there is no Xiaoxiang beauty.
According to Changsha Chronicle, it quoted The Great Unification of the World, Changsha County Records and Hunan Shan Ye Records. , they are synthetic:
"Bajingtai is in the west of Fucheng (Changsha)." Bajingtai is outside the post station (Changsha). In Yuan Dynasty, Ouyang Hui wrote "Climbing Eight Scenes" for this purpose: "The mountains advise the heavy, the water advises the heavy, and the clear sky shines back to the flood. The Danqing paintings of Eight Scenes in Xiaoxiang are all directed by Gao Tai. "According to the textual research of local historians in Changsha, there is still a position in the site of Bajingtai in those days, that is, the approach bridge on the east bank of Xiangjiang Bridge today is. The original "life prototype" of the "Eight Scenes" established for thousands of years refers to the scenery in Changsha area related to the south of Dongting Lake, which can be regarded as real, not abstract.
Some people may ask, Shen Kuo is also a learned master. Why did he single out Song Di and exclude Li Cheng in the "Eight Scenes" initiative? A more credible explanation is that there are not many paintings handed down from generation to generation by Li Cheng. At that time, people once said that there was no Lie theory. No wonder Shen Kuo, who is well-read and knows everything by heart, can't see this.